Abstract
ABSTRACT Ozone (O3) therapy has been used for medical procedures for centuries; however, there are no extensive studies on its utilization in horses. This study aimed to evaluate the application of transrectal O3 on horses by physical and laboratorial evaluation, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sixteen healthy horses were separated in two groups: a control group (CG) and a group treated with O3 (TG). The TG animals received 1L of an oxygen and O3 mixture transrectally. The initial dose was 10µg/ml for the first two applications, 15μg/ml for the following two applications, and 20μg/ml for the next six applications. The CG animals received 1L of oxygen transrectally. In TG animals no variations in the physical examination were detected; furthermore, TG animals did not exhibit changes in biochemical evaluation results, fibrinogen concentrations, or ROS production. TG animals had increased red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentrations, and packet cell volume values in comparison to the baseline and CG values. We could infer that O3 affected the red blood cell counts and improved rhetological properties of the blood. The transrectal application of O3 in horses is safe and can indirectly improve the oxygenation and metabolism of tissues.
Highlights
Ozone (O3) for medical procedures was first used by a German army chief surgeon in 1915 during the First World War
The number of red blood cells increased in the treatment group (TG) animals in relation to the baseline in all time points (P= 0.049) and compared to the control group (CG) animals on day 14 (D14) (P= 0.049) and D21 (P= 0.045) (Figure 1a)
Hematocrit increased in the TG animals in relation to the baseline and in relation to CG animals on D7 (P= 0.047)
Summary
Ozone (O3) for medical procedures was first used by a German army chief surgeon in 1915 during the First World War. The objective of O3 therapy is to provoke controlled acute, adequate, and transitional oxidative stress without causing chronic oxidative stress. Small oxidative shocks activate and stimulate the antioxidant system (Bocci, 2005), creating resistance to oxidative stress by inducing the antioxidant system (Manoto et al, 2016). Ozone therapy involves a mixture of oxygen (O2) and. A high concentration of O3 is toxic, yet doses from 10 to 80μg/ml are considered a therapeutic window that produces immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, antiviral, antifungal and analgesic effects, among other benefits (Schwartz et al., 2012). Ozone is immediately neutralized by antioxidants present in the blood when applied in concentrations lower than 10μg/ml; this concentration is biologically inefficient and does not reach the minimum value of the therapeutic window (Sagai and Bocci, 2011)
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