Control Systems Of Technological Processes Research Articles

The development of the automatic control system for the production process of the boiling of the massecuite of the first crystallization in a vacuum apparatus

The modern development of the food industry is accompanied by an ever wider application of automated control systems for technological processes. The prerequisites for this are: the growth of the enterprise's capacities; the use of continuous and continuous production methods; equipment of enterprises with new high-performance equipment; presence of modern technological means of automation. The wide application of automated control systems is caused by a significant economic effect, which is achieved due to: the provision of specified qualities of produced products, regardless of subjective factors; reduction of losses of valuable products; reduction of labor intensity of production processes; increase of production culture. The main task of the automated control system is the observance of the technological regulations determining the permissible ranges of technological process parameters (temperature, flow, product composition), equipment performance, and quality process indicators. In addition, the tasks of controlling installations and lines include their starting and stopping, emergency protection and interlocking. In order to carry out the tasks of automated control of installations and technological lines, it is necessary to gradually remove the human operator from the control loop and transfer the control functions to the technological means of automation. At the same time, the operator must monitor the operation of automation devices and make decisions in complex situations. Modern sugar production is a complex technological process. Therefore, ensuring the uninterrupted operation of the production line, maintaining its high productivity, obtaining a product of the highest quality is the most urgent task in this area.

Ecological and Economic Efficiency of Diagnostics of Technical Condition of Water Supply Facilities of Irrigation Systems

The analysis of the current approaches to the assessment of the technical condition of water supply facilities of irrigation systems has been carried out and the need has been established for improving the monitoring technology for reclamative water utilization system on the basis of the development of innovative automated instrument control methods that use the integral evaluation of the remaining service life of structures and the prediction of the service life of the facility. Created software-hardware complex automated diagnostic detection of latent defects providing designs and constructions underlying subgrade acoustic GPR and methods of nondestructive testing, determination of the location and geometric parameters of each structure element malfunctions. As part of the diagnostics, an assessment is carried out: the degree of abrasion, leaching, filtration of concrete elements of structures; indicators of frost resistance and water resistance, the volume of existing damage and the efficiency of the structure. The problem with the evaluation of the effectiveness of the creation and application of automated control systems for technological processes, caused by the lack of standards in the field of melioration regulating such calculations, is identified.

Modernization of the automation control system of technological processes at the preparation plant in the conditions of technical re-equipment

The experience of modernization of the automation control system of technological processes at the preparation plant under the conditions of technical re-equipment of the preparation plant “Barzasskoye Tovarischestvo” LLC (Berezovsky) is considered. The automated process control systems (APCS), the modernization goals and the ways to achieve them are indicated, the main subsystems of the integrated APCS are presented, the enlarged functional and technical structure of the upgraded system is given. The procedure for commissioning an upgraded system is described.

REFINEMENT OF THE REDUCED CHARACTERISTICS OF CENTRIFUGAL BLOWERS IN THEIR ANALYTICAL FORM

The article describes methods of simplified and refined correction of the reduced characteristics of centrifugal blowers of natural gas in their analytical form. The correction is carried out with the aim to improve the quality of the translation characteristics from the graphics view to the ana-lytic, where they can be used in automatic control systems of technological processes in gas pipe-line systems.

МОДЕЛЬ ОЦЕНКИ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ КОМПЛЕКСНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ В АСУТП С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ПОЖАРНЫХ ИЗВЕЩАТЕЛЕЙ ДЛЯ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ПОДДЕРЖКИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПОЖАРОВЗРЫВОБЕЗОПАСНОСТЬЮ

Introduction. Beginning this paper considers the important measures determining the state of integrated security of facilities of the fuel and energy complex. It says about necessity regular equipment diagnostics of automated process control system (APCS). There is a serious risk of unforced human error. So it says about special automated systems of fire and explosion safety such as means of control of APCS. It is necessary to keep in mind that automated system of fire and explosion protection (ASFEP) is a part automated control system of technological process. The study aims to build a mathematical model of comprehensive safety of objects of fuel and energy complex in APCS. A special evaluation function was chosen. This function is the dependence of the detector on the vector of controlling purposes. The method of assessing the reliability of ASFEP is described using the vector of planning purposes. Methodology. Diagnostic fire prevention events are described. Besides their specificities and frequency are mentioned. It was agreed that implementing of digital twin depend to foreign technologies significantly. This fact actually affects of a sustainability of manufacturing process at facilities of the fuel and energy complex. To study the integrated security in the APCS a mathematical model was built. A detector is an important object constructed model. The corresponding function is formed for connection of detectors operation with stabilizing procedures. The criteria for assessing the reliability of the equipment of the first level of APCS were determined. The local and integral quality indicators are presented. In addition the vector of planning purposes is considered for assessing the reliability of automated system of fire and explosion protection. Results. It is important to analyze the local indicators separately. As an example the resource indicator of quality is described. This example leads to an important conclusion about special conditions of functioning of the equipment. The possibility of using the methodology of strategic planning as a part of information and analytical system for increase of reliability and survivability of APCS is shown. Conclusion. The paper concludes that the tools of strategic planning as a subsystems of automated system of fire and explosion protection are able to provide the necessary diagnostics of the equipment of the first level of informing the decision-maker.

МЕТОДИКА ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ МЕРОПРИЯТИЯМИ ПОЖАРНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НА ОБЪЕКТАХ ТЭК В СОСТАВЕ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ПОДДЕРЖКИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ

Introduction. This chapter considers the actuality importance of operational management of fire safety (FS) at facilities of the fuel and energy complex. The tools of strategic planning are proposed to assess of efficiency of the operational management of FS. The monitoring and analysis of volume of information are carried out by a decision maker (DM) using automated system of fire and explosion protection (ASFEP) is a part automated control system of technological process. The purpose of this article is described. It is the formation of system approaches to the analysis of changes in the efficiency of management of FS at facilities of the fuel and energy complex. To achieve this goal, mathematical modeling and analysis of the results are carried out. Methodology. The construction of model for assessing the quality of decision-making by DM on the management of FS is considered. The scheme of process of operational management is presented in the form of two-dimensional network structure. Parameters of management of FS (operands and condition) are reserved for this structure. So there are certain restrictions. Then type of dependence of number of the administrative apparatus on number of parameters of manual control is taken into account. The author describes the reasons for the deviations of decisions from the optimal. Such deviations are consequence of the decrease in the efficiency of FS management. The function of an efficiency index of the operational management of FS is entered for assessment of this decrease. Results. There is dependence of the work on the regulation procedures to ensure FS at facilities of the fuel and energy complex and of the value of an efficiency index of management. This dependence is justified. This dependence is illustrated in the form of curves. The equation of the generalized parameter of FS management is entered. Сorrelation of the value of an efficiency index and generalized parameter is determined the character of received curves. Conclusion. In summary it can be concluded that the personnel on duty shifts should correspond to the number of parameters of manual control, thereby ensuring the efficiency of the organization of FS management.

Information-extreme machine learning of the control system over the power unit of a thermal power main line

The study considers a method of deep machine learning of a decision-making support system of control of a power unit of a thermal power plant. We developed a method within the framework of information-extreme intelligent technology, it is based on maximization of informational capacity of a control system in the process of machine learning. We developed categorical models of information-extreme machine learning with optimization of control tolerances to recognition attributes and levels of selection of coordinates of averaged binary vector-realizations of recognition classes. We considered a modified Kullback information criterion as a criterion for optimization of learning parameters. We implemented algorithms of machine learning with polymodal and unimodal decisive rules. We formed a learning matrix based on archival data of the operation of Shostka thermal and power plant. The results of physical modeling showed that the use of polymodal decisive rules does not provide a high functional efficiency of machine learning. We ordered the alphabet of recognition classes to the magnitude of deviation of a functional state of the technological process from the standard regime for the application of unimodal decisive rules. At the same time, we constructed unimodal decisive rules according to geometric parameters of hyper-spherical containers of recognition classes х by the enclosed structure. We proved experimentally that the use of the unimodal classifier gives possibility to construct decisive rules, which error-free by a learning matrix. The obtained results give possibility to provide high functional efficiency of machine learning of control systems of technological processes whose classes of recognition intersect substantially in a space of attributes.

Technical and economic feasibility of development innovative technological solutions for expansion the adjustment range of high-power CCP

The analysis of technical and parametric constraints on the adjustment range of highpower CCP and recommended technological solutions in the technical literature for their elimination. Established that in the conditions of toughening the requirements for economy, reliability and maneuverability on the part of the system operator with the participation of CCP in control the frequency and power in the power system, existing methods do not ensure the fulfillment of these requirements.The current situation in the energy sector — the lack of highly manoeuvrable power equipment leads to the need participate in control of power consumption diagrams for all types of power plants, including CCP, although initially they were intended primarily for basic loads. Large-scale research conducted at the department of Automated control systems of technological processes, showed the possibility of a significant expansion of the adjustment range of CCP when it operating in the condensing mode and in the heating mode. The report presents the main results of these research for example the CCP-450 and CCP-450T. Various technological solutions are considered: when CCP in the condensation mode — the use of bypass steam distribution schemes, the transfer of a part of the steam turbine into a low-steam mode; when CCP operation in the heating mode — bypass steam distribution and the transfer CCP to gas turbine unit — power heating plants mode with the transfer the steam turbine to the motor mode. Data on the evaluation of the technical and economic feasibility of the proposed innovative technological solutions are presented in comparison with the methods used to solve this problem, which are used in practice, such as passing through the failures of the electric load graphs by transferring the CCP to the mode of operation with incomplete equipment. When comparing, both the economics, and the maneuverability and reliability of the equipment are considered.

Problems of Automation and Management Principles Information Flow in Manufacturing

Automated control systems of technological processes are complex systems that are characterized by the presence of elements of the overall focus, the systemic nature of the implemented algorithms for the exchange and processing of information, as well as a large number of functional subsystems. The article gives examples of automatic control systems and automated control systems of technological processes held parallel between them by identifying strengths and weaknesses. Other proposed non-standard control system of technological process.

The Model of Data Exchange and Data Storage in Multi-Level Technological Process Control Systems

The structure of a multilevel process control system (MPCS) with the organization of data exchange via a multiport memory based on a modular principle has been developed in this work. The use of a modular principle enables to effectively organize enhancement and modification of a system designed. The structure of the multilevel system for process control includes three levels: data acquisition and control actuators; supervisory level and process control; operator control and decision-making. The key feature of each MPCS level is its hardware and software components along with the problems to be solved by them. Firstly, the level of data acquisition and control actuators enables performing such functions as data acquisition, data accumulation from the sensors and data processing. This level employs hardware and software tools based on the microcontrollers of STM8 family. Secondly, the supervisory level and process control exhibits data acquisition, accumulation process control data, online data processing, forecasting of a behavior of processes and controlled objects. Data processing of this level reduces the volume of data that have to be transferred to the upper level and thereby lowers bandwidth requirements of communication channels. The hardware and software tools of this level must work in real time. Thirdly, at the level of operator control and decision-making the following tasks are performed: data acquisition, data storage and data processing; processing of video streams, recognition of images and scenes in vision systems; decision-making; synchronization of universal time in a distributed system; synchronization of operation of the distributed subsystems; visualization and representation of the implementation process. In addition, this level contains a SCADA system, the main function of which is to create an operator interface and collect data on process control. As a result of the research requirements for exchanging and storing data were formed, the structure of the device to store and exchange data was designed and multi-port memory controller was synthesized. The method of conflict-free parallel data exchange using multi-port memory was improved by matching the intensity of access to data with the intensity of data flow, which allows determining the necessary performance of the random access memory.

Принятие решений в условиях применения автоматизированных информационно-измерительных систем на ТЭС: опыт Челябинской ТЭЦ-2

We consider the problem of phased implementation of automated information-measuring systems at thermal power plants, economic efficiency of which is determined by their reliability, cost, volume, automated, errors of measurement, number of measuring channels, level of qualification and number of staff, as well as the impact on the performance of automated control systems and power equipment. The article formulates principles for decision-making in the application of automated information-measuring systems for thermal power plants based on the analysis of experience. In the first part of the review describes the experience of using workstations for electricity metering and registering of vibration condition of equipment and emergency situations. There are recommendations for the transition to the next stage of automation. In the second part of the review describes the experience of implementing a second stage of automation to account for the power and energy, technical diagnostics of turbine equipment and registration of emergency events. In the third part of the review we consider the problem of searching for invalid the loss of energy and technical diagnostics of measuring channels of automated information-measuring systems, as well as recommendations for the conduct of personnel policy. The recommendation is focused mainly on thermal power plants not equipped with full-scale automated control systems of technological processes.

Scheduling algorithms for automatic control systems for technological processes

Wide use of automatic process control systems and the usage of high-performance systems containing a number of computers (processors) give opportunities for creation of high-quality and fast production that increases competitiveness of an enterprise. Exact and fast calculations, control computation, and processing of the big data arrays – all of this requires the high level of productivity and, at the same time, minimum time of data handling and result receiving. In order to reach the best time, it is necessary not only to use computing resources optimally, but also to design and develop the software so that time gain will be maximal. For this purpose task (jobs or operations), scheduling techniques for the multi-machine/multiprocessor systems are applied. Some of basic task scheduling methods for the multi-machine process control systems are considered in this paper, their advantages and disadvantages come to light, and also some usage considerations, in case of the software for automatic process control systems developing, are made.

Features of modes of a multizone integrating controller with an even number of relay elements

Operation modes of an integrating multizone controller with pulse-width modulation frequency and an even number of relay elements are discussed. Integrating multizone controllers have high noise protection, precision, multifunctionality, and simple technical realization. Due to such properties, they make it possible to solve an entire complex of technical problems to improve the resource and energy-efficiency characteristics of systems of technological process control based on these controllers. A block scheme of a multizone regulator with an even number of relay elements is given. Time diagrams of a multizone controller with two and four relay elements are shown so as to explain the principles of its operation. Based on this analysis, recommendations are given for the use of a multizone controller in low-voltage information devices, in particular, in regulators, sensors, etc. The field of application of integrating multizone controllers in control systems of electric drives in technological devices is determined. In particular, an example of construction of a discrete control system of a group of electric drives with parallel control channels is discussed. The block scheme of a discrete control system of the group with an odd number of asynchronous electric water-pump drives controlled by thyristor regulators is presented. Such a solution provides soft-start electric drives with a predetermined limiter of starting current. In the proposed scheme, the main disadvantage of a multizone system with an even number of relay elements is eliminated. In particular, blocking of additional relay element commutation is implemented when the multizone controller switches from one modulation zone to another.

METHODOLOGY OF DETERMINING FORECASTING CONTROLLERS OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION PLANTS

On the basis of the use of algorithms for forecasting, it becomes possible to set automatic control system with a single parameter - the time of the forecast. Therefore, the predictive algorithms built on the basis of the model laws of regulation may prove to be very promising for real systems of technological process control, especially in the need to accelerate the commissioning of objects, such as distributed generation (DG) plants, working on the basis of synchronous generators with automatic excitation and speed controls (AEC and ASC). The paper presents a methodology of determining the parameters predictive links AEC and ASC and the results of research on the computer model railway power supply systems (RPSS) including in its membership following the DG plants: turbogenerator mini thermoelectric plant, hydro small power plant, wind power plant on the basis of the machine DC and solar power. The results of computer simulation show that the use of predictive units ensures the stability of the generator DG plants at large perturbations in the system without the time consuming procedure of identification of dynamic characteristics and calculation of Проблемы энергетики, 2016, № 11-12 optimal AEC and ASC settings. The proposed method of determining the prognostic regulator parameters can be recommended, if necessary, the operational commissioning of DG plants in railway power supply system.

Automatic control systems for technological processes of curing products made of polymeric composites

The system of classification of the main types of automatic control systems for curing regimes of the products made of polymeric composite materials has been examined. The methods of formation of control signals have been determined. The means of controlling and taking into account exothermic effects arising in the curing process on the accuracy of controlling the temperature-time regimes of the technological processes have been studied. Hybrid composite materials based on epoxy binder with carbon and organic fibrous fillers used in rocket and space production have been considered as objects of study.

MEASURING THE DEGREE OF STRESS-STRAIN STATE STEEL ON THE BASIS OF SECOND ORDER FUZZY CONTROLLER

During the operation of electrical and power equipment under the influence of excess pressure, mechanical, thermal loads and other factors, there is an accumulation of fatigue and other damage to buildings and metallic structural elements, leading to leakage of adverse processes leading to equipment failures with serious consequences that affect fire and industrial safety. In this paper considered the use of electromagnetic-acoustic method together with the method of dynamic identification of stress-strain state and the level of damage to metal equipment and the application of integrated criteria for a comprehensive assessment of current condition of the process equipment. The measurement applies second order fuzzy control. The paper discusses the features of synthesis of fuzzy controller based on experimental data: the formation of linguistic variables input and output signals, synthesis algorithm of production rules. The application of production rules with a double consequent possible to synthesize the fuzzy controller with the required accuracy. High accuracy, smooth nonlinear multidimensional characteristics, ease of synthesis allow using this controller not only in technological process control systems, but also in solving simulation problems and creating multidimensional nonlinear dependencies. The paper deals with the optimization of the process of calculating the results of the measurement by a serial connection of fuzzy controllers. Since the fuzzy controller is a static unit, the serial connection will also be non-linear static unit, which can be represented as a fuzzy controller. Application of the second order fuzzy controller takes into account the effects of temperature and thickness of metal of the control object. As a result, electromagnetic acoustic method allows not only to assess the class of stress-strain state, but also to calculate the exact value of the internal stress of the metal.

IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF CAR SHED BY INTRODUCTION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

To increase the efficiency of car shed proposed and justified the introduction of innovativetechnologies in all spheres of its production activities with the use of multi-level automated control system of technological processes implemented on the basis of automated data collection and processing of data on theimplementation of the individual process steps. Expected development in this direction is to create a moderninnovative system repair cars that will solve the other problems of innovation processes and implementationof high technologies in the practice of repairing cars.

The dependence of cylindrical resonator natural frequencies on the fluid density

The article examines the dependence of cylindrical resonator natural frequencies (sensitive element) on the density (mass) of different fluids flowing through it. The cylindrical resonators are being widely applied in automatic control systems of technological processes as oscillating transducer density meter. The article presents the experimental results that prove the dependence of natural frequencies and vibration amplitude on the fluid density.

Аппаратное и программное обеспечения для системы управления технологическим процессом измельчения

Аппаратное и программное обеспечения для системы управления технологическим процессом измельчения

Computer energy-saving technologies for building life-support systems control

Energy saving in building life-support systems is a complex problem of global concern. As a result of the studies, functional diagrams of computer-integrated control systems for technological processes of traditional (upgrading of existing) and alternative (development of new) heating systems are developed. Developed functional schemes allow to improve the operating efficiency of building life-support systems and save the material and energy resources in conditions of scarcity for: • modernized individual heat point with heating and hot water treatment systems of the building through the energy-saving efficiency improvement, air temperature control in each room individually, heat energy consumption accounting for each apartment that encourages timely payment by tenants; • solar collector systems through the air temperature control in each room individually, including in very hot summer (air conditioning), energy saving; • systems for obtaining and using geothermal energy for four heat transfer cycles through creating favorable conditions in premises (especially office premises), energy saving. Saving material and energy resources through applying computer energy-saving technologies for building life-support systems control promotes solving an urgent problem of global scale - energy saving.