Machine Control System Research Articles

독립제어 밸브에 의한 굴삭기 버켓 액추에이터 압력제어

A cylinder control system of the conventional construction machine has been controlled by hydraulic spool valves. This system is low-cost but system efficiency is not high. Recently, to improve this, all valves are controlled electronically and independently. Bu and Yao suggested four way electronic hydraulic control valve system. It is called IMVT(Independent Metering Valve Technology). The purpose of the study is to find proper IMV pressure control method for excavator and to validate excavator's bucket regeneration energy effect by controlling the IMV system. In this paper, we mathematically describe the bucket system of excavator first. And then, based on these results, we design the control system which is divided into two operations(none regeneration or regeneration).The results of the experiment show the desirable performance and usefulness of the designed control system.

마찰교반접합장비의 기술개발 동향

At present, FSW(friction stir welding) process is being considered as an actual way for production of various industrial products. However FSW process involves high temperature and load on the tool during welding. These are make a difference between FSW machine and general machine tools. From this reason, development of FSW machine needs very careful consideration on stiffness of machine structure, spindle and moving axis including machine control system. In this study authors investigate on the trends of technology development of FSW machine in order to share the information for more extension of FSW technology with related researchers and engineers. Key words: Friction stir welding, Friction spot joining, Machine tools, Robot, Parallel kinematic mechanism

Machine Control System of Steady State Superconducting Tokamak-1

Central Control System (CCS) of the Steady State Superconducting Tokamak-1 (SST-1) controls and monitors around 25 plant and experiment subsystems of SST-1 located remotely from the Central-Control room. Machine Control System (MCS) is a supervisory system that sits on the top of the CCS hierarchy and implements the CCS state diagram. MCS ensures the software interlock between the SST-1 subsystems with the CCS, any subsystem communication failure or its local error does not prohibit the execution of the MCS and in-turn the CCS operation. MCS also periodically monitors the subsystem’s status and their vital process parameters throughout the campaign. It also provides the platform for the Central Control operator to visualize and exchange remotely the operational and experimental configuration parameters with the sub-systems. MCS remains operational 24×7 from the commencement to the termination of the SST-1 campaign. The developed MCS has performed robustly and flawlessly during all the last campaigns of SST-1 carried out so far. This paper will describe various aspects of the development of MCS.

Numerical Control System of Conventional Milling Machine

The paper presents a system of numerical control conventional milling machine, however with drives equipped with electromagnetic clutches. In control system was used relay controlled using PC. There are connected to buttons to manually panel milling machine with an electromagnetic system feeds. Developed using VB6 special software to control the machine with G-code.

Construction and modelling energy saving stand on the basis of the asynchronous generator for testing of internal combustion engines

The problem of energy efficiency testing process of internal combustion engines, as well as ways of modernization of testing equipment for internal combustion engines is considered in this paper. The proposed installation of the load for the internal combustion engines, where a braking device is an asynchronous machine with wound rotor and connected to the rotor of the asynchronous machine autonomous voltage inverter has been considered. This setting provides the energy transfer to the grid obtained from the stator and phase rotor of asynchronous generator. The synthesis of the asynchronous machine control system and independent voltage converter, which allow control the internal combustion engine load, regardless of the shaft speed and reactive power network has been performed. Synthesized control system allows compensate the reactive power in the network, regardless of the stand operation mode. A computer model of the entire test stand control system is performed. A computer simulation of the internal combustion engine test station in such modes, as maintenance of constant torque and maintenance of the constant internal combustion engine rotation speed is carried. The energy data of test stand for an internal combustion engine are obtained. Disadvantages of the test stand design are found and analyzed

Study on Laser Measurement Technology of Inner Surfaces

Aiming at the traditional measurement methods and equipment cannot meet the accurate measurement problems of complex inner surface geometry parameters. This paper proposes combining the laser displacement sensors, rotary encoders and machine control system to build the measurement system. This system overcomes the traditional contact measurement of the low efficiency, low velocity, low accuracy, and realizes measuring slender and long inner surface. Through analysis and processing of the acquisition of point cloud data, draw a cross-sectional contour of the workpiece to achieve a precise measurement of the internal surface.

PENGUKURAN PANJANG PLASTIK ROL BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLLER AT Mega 8535

The development of a microcontroller system in the control system more advanced, more and enable people to perform the control of a device automatically without a computer device. This makes the control systems in various industries increasingly easy and cheap. In this study will be made of plastic cutting machine control system roll sensor-based optocoupler. This tool uses two dc motors, one as a driver to roll up the plastic so that the plastic to form a roll (a roll), and other dc motor to move the heater (seal) and cutter. For the heating process (seals) used a wire niklin while cutting process using a saw blade. Untukmenentukan long pieces of plastic then used an optocoupler sensor and microcontroller ATmega16 as the main control center.Kata kunci : Mikrokontroller AT Mega 8535

Optical marker‐based end effector pose estimation for articulated excavators

Abstract Marker-based pose estimation, in which optical cameras monitor fiducial markers to determine the three-dimensional positioning and orientation of an articulated machine's end effector, has been identified as a potential low-cost alternative to currently available machine control and guidance systems. In an effort to develop such a marker-based pose estimation system for excavators, several iterations of prototypes were designed, fabricated, and tested. Performance was measured in terms of the system's ability to estimate bucket tooth position, with an acceptance criterion of 2.5 cm (1 in.) of absolute error. Although initial prototypes were found to possess practicality and performance issues, a fourth prototype offered encouraging experimental results suggesting the feasibility of marker-based sensor technology for excavator pose estimation. Further work needed to refine the technology for large-scale practical implementation was also identified.

Computerized Measurement and Control System of the Universal Testing Machine Based On Virtual Instruments

The measurement and control system of the universal testing machine was carried on the data acquisition and processing and realized the closed-loop control of the actuators. This is a complete automated test platform of computer measurement and control technology. The electronic universal testing machine control system was designed and realized basing on the analysis of the related technologies and requirements. The system solves the determination of mechanical properties of materials such as tensile, elongation, force, deformation and displacement of essentially all metallic and non-metallic materials and it assumes good performance. This study has presented test results of six different materials specimens namely: plastic strip (fiber-reinforced polymer), brick masonry, floor tile, chamois leather bag, polyethylene polymer and polystyrene foam. The system uses a user-friendly dialog, it automatically measures material specimen, it compares the results with the standard national values and it can pass or reject unwanted materials. The measurement and control software for the host computer and electronic drive control system of electronic universal testing machine was realized by LabWindows/CVI software development platform. The user-interface provides features for the complete real-time measurement, control, data processing, output results display, report printing and other functions. Practice has proved that, under normal circumstances the system operation is stable and reliable, real-time data acquisition precision has reached the expected requirements as well as making system maintenance to be convenient and flexible.

Design of Automated Control System for Counter Fire in a Road Tunnel

The article suggests a conceptual design solution of hardware-technical equipment for virtual interaction with automated control system to counter fire in a road tunnel. The algorithm of the system of detection and localization of fire, including the direct control of the operator performing devices, with the possibility of revision in the direction of non-person as a member of the system to improve the efficiency of the complex as a whole. The concept of automated control system for robotic machines to ensure effective response to emergency situations in confined spaces, as well as the layout made it a software implementation using the language C # and XAML.

Agent-based Control System Methodology for Reconfigurable Bending Press Machine

In the present day technology creation, automation is a promising technology towards the achievement of constructive, innovative and sustainable designs and products in industry 4. The control system of machines that involves the application of mechatronic objects or intelligent units which are envisioned as building blocks for design of the systems are rather configured than being designed. In order to meet dynamic customer needs, within minimal time frames, thereby achieving short-time-to-market. The crucial element in this scenario is that the customer drives the pace and direction of the manufacturing entity. The reality of the matter is that the manufacturer needs to produce customer-centric designed products, and this may be achieved through the use of machinery and a system configured to satisfy the need. Realizing this scenario, in this article, an automated agent-based control system methodology (ACSME) has been proposed for Reconfigurable Bending Press Machine (RBPM) application due to ongoing research. The proposed methodology will help manufacturer of RBPM to address the need for more flexible control systems and to demonstrate their industrial flexibility in several reconfigurable machines applications.

Research and Application of WCF Technology in Data Acquisition of Ultra-high Speed Packaging Machine

By introducing WCF technology on data acquisition of ultra-high speed packaging machine, data acquisition system reads dates of machine in polling mode through the WCF client, which can achieve accurate data collection, and effectively isolate the data acquisition system and the machine control system. It enhances the security of data interaction between systems, but also reduces the coupling degree between systems.

Research on the key technology of non-standard automation control system development platform with shop-floor management and monitoring functions

With the development of industrial automation technology, non-standard automation devices have attracted more and more attention in modern manufacturing enterprise for its flexibility and customisation features. To deal with increasing requirements of rapid and customised development of non-standard automation control systems, soft PLC model of CoDeSys, which complies with IEC 61131-3, and the protocol of industrial real-time Ethernet (RTE) Ethernet for manufacture automation control (EtherMAC) are analysed. Design method of industrial RTE EtherMAC component library which based on CoDeSys runtime system (RTS) component library is studied. Then CoDeSys OPC communication model and database for shop-floor data access are studied as well. Based on these works, a non-standard automation control system development platform is designed and implemented through the combination of CoDeSys and EtherMAC. This platform integrates industrial RTE EtherMAC component library and database to provide modules for developers to achieve not only logic and motion control functions but also shop-floor management and monitoring. In order to verify the flexibility and feasibility of the development platform, a solar panel automatic laying machine control system with shop-floor management and monitoring functions is designed through the platform.

A modular flexible scalable and reconfigurable system for manufacturing of Microsystems based on additive manufacturing and e-printing

Digital manufacturing technologies [1] are gaining more and more importance as key enabling technologies in future manufacturing, especially when a flexible scalable manufacturing of small medium series of customized parts is required. The paper describes a new approach for design manufacturing of complex three dimensional components building on a combination of digital manufacturing technologies such as laminated objects manufacturing, laser and e-printing technologies. The micro component is made up of stacks of functionalized layers of polymer films. The concept is currently developed further in the project SMARTLAM [2], [3], funded by the European Commission. The manufacturing system is based on a flexible, scalable and modular equipment and application features approach which enables the manufacturing of different small size batches without tool or mask making in short time. Different modules can be combined by defined hardware and software interfaces. Avoiding time consumable and difficult programming caused by manufacturing a new conceptual approach a Function-Block Runtime (FORTE) executes generated control application platform-independently and coordinates component module functionalities. The control system is designed to integrate all processes as well as the base platform with features far beyond ordinary PLC systems. One aspect is the use of process data out of the data acquisition system to simulate and optimize the processes. These results are incorporated into the main machine control system. Another aspect is the vision system for flexible quality control and closed-loop positioning control with visual servoing. The paper shows the overall concept of SMARTLAM and exemplarily demonstrates the control system as well as the modular equipment approach by the example of the control system for alignment of different stacks and inspection system.

Technology of Machine Control System for Saving the Standby Energy Consumed by a Production Line

Technology of Machine Control System for Saving the Standby Energy Consumed by a Production Line

Design of an Electric Road-Rail Vehicle

In this paper, an electric road-rail vehicle and its control system are designed. The electric vehicle equipped a train couplers in front of it is used as a movable electric signal test bench for China Rail High-speed (CRH). Firstly, architecture of the vehicle is introduced. In the powertrain, hydraulic system is designed for the transition from road mode to rail mode, and vice versa. And in both road and rail modes, the vehicle is driven by an induction machine. Secondly, to improve the driving performance and satisfy different driving conditions, particular control strategy for the induction machine is put forward by using a load torque observer based on sliding mode control theory. The load observer based induction machine control system can improve the speed stability and robustness to the unexpected load disturbing. Finally, experiment is done and the results verify that the algorithm works well.

Use of double correlation techniques for the improvement of rotation speed measurement based on electrostatic sensors

Electrostatic sensing technology using correlation signal processing offers an approach to the measurement of rotational speed in the automatic control system of large generators and centrifugal machines. In this article, a double autocorrelation method was proposed to improve the accuracy and robustness of the measurement on the designed test rig. An electrostatic sensor was used to obtain signals from the rotor surface. Then, the rotational speed was determined from the period of rotational motion calculated from a double autocorrelation method. At the same time, experiments with sampling rates of 2ksps (kilo samples per second), 5ksps, 10ksps, 20ksps were carried out on a laboratory-scale test rig under a rotational speed range from 400 r min−1 to 4200 r min−1. The results show that the double autocorrelation method improves the accuracy and robustness. The measurement accuracy also improves with the sampling rate-the relative errors using 2ksps, 5ksps, 10ksps, and 20ksps are within 1.5%, 1%, 0.4%, and 0.3% respectively. The linearity of them is 1.47%, 0.61%, 0.28%, 0.17% correspondingly. The experiments also reveal that the measurement error has a tendency to increase with the rotational speed.

Информационная модель программного обеспечения бортовой системы управления и диагностики путевых машин

Информационная модель программного обеспечения бортовой системы управления и диагностики путевых машин

Model-Based Engineering of Supervisory Controllers using CIF

In the Model-Based Engineering (MBE) paradigm, models are the core elements in the design process of a system from its requirements to the actual implementation of the system. By means of Supervisory Control Theory (SCT), supervisory controllers (supervi- sors) can be synthesized instead of designing them manually. In this paper, a framework based on the Compositional Interchange Format for hybrid systems (CIF) has been developed that integrates the MBE and the SCT paradigms. To illustrate the framework, an industrial-size case study has been performed: synthesis of a supervisory controller for the patient support system of an MRI scanner. In this case study, we address 1) modelling of the components and the control requirements; 2) synthesis of the supervisor; 3) simulation of the synthesized supervisor and a hybrid model of the plant; and 4) real-time, simulation based control of the supervisor and the actual patient support system of the MRI scanner. Complex manufacturing machines consist of physical components (hardware) and control systems. The physical components, typically sensors, actuators and main structure, provide the means of the machine. The interactions between the physical components result in the so-called uncontrolled behavior of the machine. The control systems interact with the sensors and actuators to employ the means of the machine, which results in the controlled behavior of the machine. The controlled behavior should be such that the machine fulfills its functions, i.e. meets its pre-defined requirements. The control systems can be divided into five functional subsystems, see (PFC89): 1) Regulative control (also known as direct or feedback control) that assures that the actuators reach the desired position in the desired way. 2) Error- handling control (also known as fault detection and isolation or exception handling) that detects erroneous behavior, determines the cause, and acts to recover the machine control system. 3) Supervisory control (also known as logic control) that coordinates the control of the individual machine components. This includes planning, scheduling and dispatching functions. 4) The data processing subsystem that stores and manipulates gathered data. 5) The user interface subsystem that allows the user to interact with the machine control system. In this paper, we focus on the development process of supervisory controllers (supervisors). The current practice of developing supervisory controllers is to code them manually, based on (possibly informal) control requirements. Creating and changing requirements, a design and/or an implementation can be time consuming and error-prone. An other possibility is to use the Model-Based Engineering (MBE) paradigm, see (Ogr00, Bra08), in order to design the supervisory controller. In this case, (pos- sibly formal) executable models for the supervisory controller are developed (by hand). Using analysis † This work was partially done as part of the Darwin project under the responsibility of the Embedded Systems Institute, partially supported by the Netherlands Ministry of Economic Affairs under the BSIK program, as part of the ITEA project Twins 05004, and as part of the Collaborative Project MULTIFORM, contract number FP7-ICT-224249.

Control Societies and Platform Logic

Deleuze's concept of the control society presciently sketches a world of power as 'universal modulation'. This article investigates the applicability of this understanding of control to today's socio-technical systems. It investigates Deleuze's control society by reference to the philosophy of cybernetics, situating a restrictive interpretation with reference to Norbert Weiner's theory of control systems in animals and machines. We argue that in maintaining a concept of control-as-homeostatic feedback modulation, cybernetic readings tend to ignore the constructive, enabling dimension of control. To remedy this, we analyse a recent concept developed in the field of business studies of information technology: the platform. Extrapolating beyond the existing literature of platform design, we develop a generalised theory of the platform as an alternative model of control, through the concept of generative entrenchment.