Control Situation Research Articles

Long-term trends in the burden of breast cancer in China over three decades: a joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort analysis based on Global Burden of Disease 2021.

We analyzed the trends in breast cancer (BC) morbidity, prevalence, and mortality among Chinese residents from 1990 to 2021. We then used joinpoint regression to further assess BC morbidity and mortality. We screened the morbidity, mortality, and prevalence of BC in Chinese residents (1990-2021) from the Global Burden of Disease. We used age-period-cohort (APC) modeling to assess the effects of age, period, and cohort on BC morbidity and mortality separately. We also used the joinpoint model to characterize trends in BC morbidity and mortality in China. From 1990 to 2021, age-standardized rates of morbidity have risen significantly, whereas mortality has declined. We discovered that the risk of morbidity and death rose with age by using the APC model. We also found that mortality and morbidity roughly continued to increase over time, and finally, we found that the later the birth cohort, the lower the mortality and the higher the morbidity. From 1990 to 2021, the burden of BC disease in China will continue to rise, and the situation of BC prevention and control will remain severe. Therefore, regular imaging and palpation examinations should be performed in the regular population over 40 years of age. When treating patients with BC, healthcare workers should develop individualized treatment plans to further reduce mortality.

Soft plant root structure-media flow interactions: Exploring the adverse effect of lead contamination in North-Eastern Indian rice

We experimentally investigate the effect of lead (Pb2+) contamination on the roots of an Assamese rice line variety Lachit using a heavy metal analyzing fluidic tool. To demonstrate the adverse effects of lead contamination on rice seedlings in a controlled environment, we have performed a number of multidisciplinary experiments. Also, we develop a numerical model in this endeavor to predict the Michaelis–Menten kinetics parameters, which are used to depict the lead transport phenomenon following soft root structure-media flow interactions. We show that increased inlet lead concentration of the media solution leads to a reduction in root growth exponentially in the developed fluidic device. As supported by the Raman spectra analysis, the drastic metabolic changes are visible under lead contamination. Our results revel that, in comparison to the control condition, lead accumulation results in a decrease in the uptake of nitrogen and also, the metallic nutritional components (K+, Na+, and Ca2+). Under lead contamination, the average osmotic pressure difference at the root surface is seen to be less than in the control situation. The inferences drawn from the current research shed light on the detrimental effects of lead contamination on rice roots, which have the potential to significantly lower agricultural yields and threaten food security in areas where rice is the primary food source.

Changes in lactate concentration are accompanied by opposite changes in the pattern of fat oxidation: Dose-response relationship.

It is unknown whether changes in lactate concentration produced by different situations (e.g., glycogen depletion or heat) modify fat oxidation. If confirmed, we could determine a dose-response relationship between lactate and fat. The aim of this study was to determine whether changes in lactate concentration (due to glycogen depletion or heat) alter fat oxidation during exercise. 11 males and eight females performed an incremental exercise test under three situations: control, glycogen depletion, and heat. At rest, in the last minute of each step and immediately post-exhaustion, lactate was analyzed and fat oxidation was estimated by indirect calorimetry. Lactate concentration was inversely associated with fat oxidation in the three aforementioned situations (r>0.88 and p<0.05). The highest lactate concentration was found in the heat situation, followed by the control situation, and finally the glycogen depletion situation (all p<0.05). The opposite was found for fat oxidation, with the highest fat oxidation found in the glycogen depletion situation, followed by the control situation, and finally the heat situation (all p<0.05). There is no association between the changes in lactate concentration between situations at each intensity and the changes in fat oxidation between situations at each intensity in males or females (p>0.05). In conclusion, lactatemia is strongly and inversely associated with fat oxidation under the three different situations. Furthermore, the lowest lactate concentrations were accompanied by the highest fat oxidations in the glycogen depletion situation, whereas the highest lactate concentrations were accompanied by the lowest fat oxidations in the heat situation.

Структурно-динамические особенности психических свойств и психоэмоционального состояния студентов в процессе учебной деятельности

An integral component of the learning process is knowledge acquisition control, which can have a significant impact on the psycho-emotional state of students and, as a result, on the effectiveness of their learning activities. In this regard, the ability of students to recognize and regulate their psycho-emotional state is of key importance. The purpose of the study was to identify the features of the mental properties and psycho-emotional state of students in the learning process. The objectives of the study were to analyze the dynamics of the psycho-emotional state of students in educational activities, to determine the impact of the knowledge acquisition control situation on the psycho-emotional state of students, to develop practical recommendations for developing students' ability to recognize and regulate their psycho-emotional state. The main research methods were psychological testing, observation and analysis. The study reveals the features of mental properties and dynamics of students' psychoemotional condition by gender component and in different periods of learning activity. It has been established that the situation of control of knowledge assimilation has a significant impact on students' psychoemotional condition, causing an increase in anxiety and stress. Practical recommendations for the development of students' skills of awareness and regulation of their psychoemotional condition are given.

Analysis of blood glucose control and influencing factors in 18-64 year-old community people with type 2 diabetes in Shenzhen

Objective: To describe the current situation of blood glucose control in 18-64 year-old people with type 2 diabetes in the Shenzhen community and analyze the influencing factors to provide a reference for enhancing the management effect of type 2 diabetes in community health service institutions. Methods: The data were from the Shenzhen Community Health Service Information System. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted to include 18-64 year-old patients with type 2 diabetes in Shenzhen community health service institutions in 2022. The blood glucose control rate was calculated through the physical examination data recorded by the information system in 2022, and the influencing factors of blood glucose control in this group of patients were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: A total of 120 174 patients were included in the study. The blood glucose control rate was 53.04%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that women (OR=1.07, 95%CI: 1.04-1.10), ages 45-54 (OR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.01-1.19), 55-64 (OR=1.24, 95%CI: 1.14-1.35), middle school (OR=1.09, 95%CI: 1.05-1.13), high school and technical secondary school (OR=1.26, 95%CI: 1.21-1.31), junior college or above (OR=1.75, 95%CI: 1.67-1.83), basic medical insurance for urban employees (OR=1.05, 95%CI: 1.01-1.08), weekly exercise (OR=1.26, 95%CI: 1.22-1.31), daily exercise (OR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.28-1.35) and combined hypertension (OR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.18-1.24) were more likely to reach the standard of blood glucose control; while unmarried (OR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.77-0.95), divorced (OR=0.84, 95%CI: 0.73-0.97), insurance status was fully self-funded (OR=0.95, 95%CI: 0.91-0.99), disease duration was 5- years (OR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.63-0.66), ≥10 years (OR=0.41, 95%CI: 0.39-0.42), the treatment method was diabetes drug therapy (OR=0.74, 95%CI: 0.71-0.76), low weight (OR=0.89, 95%CI: 0.80-1.00), obese group (OR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.82-0.88), combined with central obesity (OR=0.83, 95%CI: 0.81-0.86), combined with dyslipidemia (OR=0.69, 95%CI: 0.68-0.71), current smoking (OR=0.74, 95%CI: 0.72-0.77), and current drinking (OR=0.97, 95%CI: 0.93-1.00) were less likely to reach the standard of blood glucose control. Conclusions: The blood glucose control rate of 18-64 year-old people with type 2 diabetes in Shenzhen still has room for improvement. More attention should be paid to 18-64 year-old patients with type 2 diabetes, especially for patients with dyslipidemia, central obesity, and diabetes with a long course, and supervision and guidance should be strengthened for patients with bad habits such as smoking, drinking alcohol, and lack of exercise.

Coping Flexibility: Match Between Coping Strategy and Perceived Stressor Controllability Predicts Depressed Mood

AbstractIndividual differences in coping responses can predict psychological distress, anxiety, and depression; therefore, it is vital to explore adaptive coping strategies. Recent research suggests that an individual’s ability to choose strategies based on the context may be more important than the ability to use any one strategy, an ability termed coping flexibility. For example, problem-focused coping is adaptive for situations of high control, while emotion-focused coping is adaptive for situations of low control. This conceptualization of coping flexibility, termed strategy-situation fit, consists of the match of strategy to situation. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate if daily fluctuations in strategy-situation fit for daily stressors would be associated with daily levels of depressed mood. A seven-day diary study in a sample of undergraduate students (n = 75) was completed. The results of generalized linear mixed models demonstrated that in situations of high stress and high control, more use of emotion-focused coping was related to higher levels of depressed mood. Additionally, in situations of high stress and low control, more use of emotion-focused coping was related to lower levels of depressed mood. These findings suggest that the match between emotion-focused coping and perceived stressor controllability can be a predictor of daily experiences of depressed mood when faced with high-level stressors.

Analysis of the Current Situation of Cost Management and Control of Highway Construction Projects

The highway engineering process is complex, coupled with a relatively long construction period, hence requires increased coordination between participating units to prevent economic disputes and efficiency losses. The main body of the construction project needs to strengthen the management and control of funds. In this regard, this paper analyzes the importance of cost management in highway projects by clarifying and analyzing the current cost management status quo problems and causes. The highway engineering cost control strategy and implementation methods are summarized to provide references for improving the quality of highway engineering.

Impact of reduced sampling frequency of illicit drug wastewater monitoring in the Netherlands

Drug consumption estimates are traditionally based on surveys or information from police seizures. Alternatively, residues of illicit drugs in untreated wastewater (influent) can be used to calculate mass loads and subsequently estimate drug consumption in the community throughout the week. For this purpose, wastewater is commonly sampled for seven consecutive days within the Sewage analysis CORe group Europe (SCORE), while other sampling schemes may be implemented in long-term studies outside this consortium. The current study demonstrates how sampling frequency of illicit drug residues in the influent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) affects the derived weekly average. Thirty WWTPs were sampled over the course of 12 years and influents were analyzed for five drugs (metabolites): 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methamphetamine, amphetamine, benzoylecgonine (a metabolite of cocaine), and 11-nor-9-Carboxy tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH). Subsequently, small and large WWTPs were grouped with a threshold of 100,000 inhabitants. After data curation, standardized loads were calculated (mg/d per 1000 inhabitants). Weekly averages of loads of the drug residues were calculated based on six scenarios (sampling one to six weekdays) and compared to the weekly average in the control situation (sampling seven weekdays) in a Monte Carlo simulation. Results indicate that drug residues with more dynamic loads over a week require more frequent sampling. The analysis illustrates that a decreased sampling frequency (4 or 5 days per week) still leads to a representative weekly average for all drugs tested when a deviation up to a factor of 1.25 is deemed acceptable. However, knowledge on typical levels is necessary to define outliers. We therefore recommend to study dynamics in drug residue loads for WWTPs before reducing sampling frequency in long term monitoring programs.

Study on Soil Pollution Control and Land Ecological Restoration Technology

This paper discusses the present situation and development trend of soil pollution control and land ecological restoration technology. Soil pollution mainly comes from industrial emissions, excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers and improper treatment of municipal garbage, which poses a threat to agriculture, human health and ecological balance. Treatment technologies include engineering remediation (such as soil replacement and water washing), physical-chemical remediation (such as solidification-stabilization, leaching, etc.), and biological remediation (using microorganisms, plants and animals). Land ecological restoration emphasizes integrity and sustainability, and adopts various methods such as plant and microbial restoration. In addition, prevention and control strategies and policy suggestions are put forward, including strengthening waste treatment standards, rational use of pesticides and fertilizers, and promoting waste classification. It is also suggested to establish a sound legal system for soil pollution prevention and control and raise public awareness of environmental protection.

Creation of a Spatiotemporal Algorithm and Application to COVID-19 Data

This study offers an in-depth analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic’s trajectory in several member countries of the European Union (EU) in order to assess similarities in their crisis experiences. We also examine data from the United States to facilitate a larger comparison across continents. We introduce our new approach, which uses a spatiotemporal algorithm to identify five distinct and recurring phases that each country underwent at different times during the COVID-19 pandemic. These stages include: Comfort Period, characterized by minimal COVID-19 activity and limited impacts; Preventive Situation, demonstrating the implementation of proactive measures, with relatively low numbers of cases, deaths, and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions; Worrying Situation, is defined by high levels of concern and preparation as deaths and cases begin to rise and reach substantial levels; Panic Situation, marked by a high number of deaths relative to the number of cases and a rise in ICU admissions, denoting a critical and alarming period of the pandemic; and finally, Epidemic Control Situation, distinguished by limited numbers of COVID-19 deaths despite a high number of new cases. By examining these phases, we identify the various waves of the pandemic, indicating periods where the health crisis had a significant impact. This comparative analysis highlights the time lags between countries as they transitioned through these different critical stages and navigated the waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Spatiotemporal patterns and association with climate for malaria elimination in Lao PDR: a hierarchical modelling analysis with two-step Bayesian model selection

BackgroundThe government of Lao PDR has increased efforts to control malaria transmission in order to reach its national elimination goal by 2030. Weather can influence malaria transmission dynamics and should be considered when assessing the impact of elimination interventions but this relationship has not been well characterized in Lao PDR. This study examined the space–time association between climate variables and Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria incidence from 2010 to 2022.MethodsSpatiotemporal Bayesian modelling was used to investigate the monthly relationship, and model selection criteria were used to evaluate the performance of the models and weather variable specifications. As the malaria control and elimination situation was spatially and temporally dynamic during the study period, the association was examined annually at the provincial level.ResultsMalaria incidence decreased from 2010 to 2022 and was concentrated in the southern regions for both P. falciparum and P. vivax. Rainfall and maximum humidity were identified as most strongly associated with malaria during the study period. Rainfall was associated with P. falciparum incidence in the north and central regions during 2010–2011, and with P. vivax incidence in the north and central regions during 2012–2015. Maximum humidity was persistently associated with P. falciparum and P. vivax incidence in the south.ConclusionsMalaria remains prevalent in Lao PDR, particularly in the south, and the relationship with weather varies between regions but was strongest for rainfall and maximum humidity for both species. During peak periods with suitable weather conditions, vector control activities and raising public health awareness on the proper usage of intervention measures, such as indoor residual spraying and personal protection, should be prioritized.

Research on the Cost Control of Green Building Project Based on the Application of Renewable Energy

Promoting and optimizing green building projects based on renewable energy applications means that green building projects require more investment than traditional buildings. Green buildings using renewable energy are different from conventional construction cost control. Full-life cycle cost management is a way to analyze and manage the planning, construction, operation, maintenance, and residual costs of construction projects. It would be best if you had the law. This study uses mathematical models combined with relevant accounting theories and research methods to analyze the overall situation of green building cost control based on the application of renewable energy.

Adaptive Internal Model Backstepping Control for a Class of Second-Order Electromagnetic Micromirror with Output Performance Constraints and Anomaly Control.

This paper investigates the asymptotic tracking problem for a class of second-order electromagnetic micromirror model with output performance constraints and anomaly control, which is subject to model parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. Specifically, this paper formulates the trajectory tracking control problem of an electromagnetic micromirror as a closed-loop control trajectory tracking problem based on the general solution framework of output regulation. Moreover, the extended internal model is introduced to reformulate the closed-loop control problem into a state stabilization problem of the augmented system. Based on the augmented system, an internal model backstepping controller is proposed by integrating the barrier Lyapunov Functions (BLF) and the Nussbaum gain function with the backstepping structure.This controller not only satisfies the output performance constraints of the micromirror, but also maintains the control performance in anomalous control situations. The final performance simulation demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed controller.

Robot remote control using virtual reality headset: studying sense of agency with subjective distance estimates

Mobile robots have many applications in the modern world. The autonomy of robots is increasing, but critical cases like search and rescue missions must involve the possibility of human intervention for ethical reasons and safety. To achieve effective human–robot interaction, the operator needs to have a sense of agency (SoA) over the activities of the robot. One possible way to increase one's SoA in remote control could be the use of VR technology. The remote control situation has some important features, so indicators of SoA need to be reproduced there independently. In our study, participants controlled a mobile robot using either a monitor or a VR-headset as an output device. In both cases, active control was contrasted with passive observation of the robot's movement. In each trial, participants estimated the distance traveled by the robot—a putative implicit indicator of SoA. A significant difference between subjective distance estimates was found in the active and passive conditions with the monitor, but not in the active and passive conditions with VR. The effect obtained in the monitor conditions suggests that distance estimates can be used as an implicit indicator of SoA in robot remote control. We believe that the lack of difference between the active and passive conditions in VR was caused by motion sickness due to a mismatch of visual and vestibular sensory cues, leading to a weakened SoA.

Effect of Biological Products on Yield, Production Economics and Soil Nutrient Status of Transplanted kharif Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Gangetic Alluvial Soil of West Bengal, India

Field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2017 and 2018 at Instructional Farm under Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal in sandy loam soil to study the growth and yield of transplanted kharif rice variety Satabdi (cv. IET 4786) as influenced by biological products. The experiment was laid down in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with seven treatment combinations replicated thrice. Results revealed that RDF + soil applied Bolt GR @ 10 kg/ha produced higher growth attributes and yield of tested rice cultivar. The same treatment registered significantly higher total N and K uptake in tested cultivar; while the highest P uptake was recorded with RDF + Seed treatment with JumpStart2.0 @ 0.83 ml/kg seed. The treatment RDF + soil applied Azospirillum @ 2 kg/ha brought about significant positive changes of available N content in post-harvest soil over control situation (only RDF). However, significantly higher available P content was estimated in plots with RDF + soil applied PSB @ 2 kg/ha. Application of bio-products failed to exert any significant influence on residual soil K. The crop receiving RDF + soil applied Bolt GR @ 10 kg/ha gave highest gross return, net return and B:C ratio. Hence, application of RDF (60-30-30 kg N, P2O5 and K2O/ha) along with Bolt GR @ 10 kg/ha or Azospirillum @ 2 kg/ha may be recommended to achieve higher grain yield of tested cultivar Satabdi (cv. IET 4786).

A RESISTÊNCIA NA CONTÍSTICA DE MARIA LUCIA MEDEIROS

The present work aims to investigate the resistance processes contained in Maria Lucia Medeiros's short stories. In my aesthetic project there is a strong content of social criticism accompanied by narratives that raise situations of surveillance and control, violence, punishments and, of course, resistance. The aim is to assess and map how power relations are established and which devices and technologies are used to control bodies in Medeiros' stories. For this investigation we chose three short stories, among them Quarto de Hora (1994), Velas. Por quem? (1990) and Chuvas e Trovoadas (2003). As a theoretical basis we will use the works of authors such as Michel Foucault (1985, 1988, 2005, 2010) and Giorgio Agamben (2007) who investigate power, devices, resistance, etc. We understand such concepts by these authors where power works in a network and is in all areas of life. Likewise, devices that are technologies of power that aim to respond to an emergency, therefore have a strategic purpose of controlling and ensuring the gestures, conduct, opinions and speeches of living beings. Power works like a web that binds everyone, but as soon as there is a power relationship, there is a possibility of resistance. In effect, we will investigate the devices, power relations and resistance to them.

Innovative heat management method and metaheuristic algorithm optimized power supply-demand balance for PEMFC-ASHP-CHP system

The evolution of distributed building energy systems fuels the growing demand for sustainable energy solutions. In this paper, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and Air Source Heat Pump (ASHP) were integrated to form PEMFC-ASHP-CHP systems in three combination methods, i.e., Direct Combination (DC), Parallel Combination (PC), Series Combination (SC). And compared the energy management strategies and power balance of the system. To further improve reliability and flexibility, a diversion PEMFC-ASHP-CHP system was proposed by combining PC and SC's system advantages. Additionally, an iterative algorithm addressed the mismatch between power supply and demand. An empirical formula was proposed to improve iterative convergence speed for practical control situations. The coefficients were optimized using six metaheuristic algorithms, and the outcomes were summarized into an optimized operational plane to enhance the system control response speed further. The results show that the PC method performs better than DC and SC. It achieves a power consumption reduction of 52.8% and a COP improvement of 111.4% compared with the ASHP system. Meanwhile, the diversion system can more effectively utilize waste heat from the PEMFC and further improve the system's performance. The Queuing Search Algorithm (QSA) demonstrates superior accuracy for coefficient optimization. By using the established empirical formula, the convergence speeds of global and local iterative methods are improved by 26.10% and 41.78%, respectively, compared to the direct iterative algorithm. Ultimately, the optimized operational plane can achieve a maximum 37.16% hydrogen consumption reduction compared to the unoptimized system.

Which one is your team? Supraordinate identity around the classic match

AbstractObjectiveThe article analyzes up to what extent the supraordinate identity made up by the classic match, influences fans’ consumption intention of media and official merchandise, through a justifiability mediation, while assessing a moderation effect that an identity threat has on the proposed model.MethodThe phenomenon was tested through structural equation modeling on a 439 fanbase sample. Participants are fans from both of the clubs who play the Classic match of their league and were randomly allocated into a threat circumstance or a control situation in order to test the identity threat moderation effect.ResultsFindings suggest that this supraordinate identity has a positive impact on media and merchandise consumption intentions, while legitimacy and permeability forecast its existence. These results argue that fans from both teams experience an identity threat either when their club is under menace and when their rival is.ConclusionThis is the first article examining a supraordinate identity fabricated by salient rivalries, which is counterintuitive, and how these individuals experience an identity threat when their rival is at risk. The Classic denotes an important marketing instrument, where leagues and clubs can develop stories and rivalries to attract broader audiences.

In dustrial development status and strategy of improving quality and efficiency of ginger, a resource for both medicine and food use

China cultivates characteristic resource plant Zingiber officinale for both medicine and food use, with a long history of cultivation, production, and application. With the continuous excavation of the health and skin care values of ginger products due to scientific and technological progress, the scale expansion and quality improvement of the ginger industry have been effectively promoted, forming an industrial cluster with rich germplasm resources and diverse product categories represented by the north and south regions of China, and China has been developed as the biggest producer and exporter of raw materials and processed products of ginger.The present situation of ginger germplasm resources, ginger production, market price, and quality control of ginger products was reviewed in this paper. According to data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO), United Nations International Trade Database, Chinese Network for Ginger Trade, and China Industry Information Network, the market fluctuation and trend of ginger products in China and abroad were discussed, and the current development and utilization of Chinese and international ginger industries were analyzed. In addition, through the research group's field investigation of the main producing area of ginger in China, analysis and prediction were made, and measures to improve the quality and efficiency of ginger industry use were put forward,so as to offer experience for relevant departments to study and formulate the development plan and production layout of ginger industry,help practitioners in ginger industry to cope with challenges, and provide a reference for promoting the quality and efficiency of ginger industry and high-quality development.

The Impact of Coping Styles on the Mental Health of Outstanding Physical Education Students in Shanghai During the Normalization Epidemic: The Chain Mediation Role of Meaning in Life and Prosocial Behavior.

The continuous spread of the epidemic has inflicted serious harm upon individual's mental well-being, and effective coping mechanisms are associated with positive mental health outcomes. Prosocial behavior and a sense of meaning in life can enhance individuals' subjective well-being, which can subsequently positively impact their mental health. Thus, in the context of epidemic prevention and control, this study investigates the relationship between the meaning in life, prosocial behavior, and coping styles of outstanding physical education students and the impact on their mental health. The study involved a questionnaire survey on 498 outstanding physical education students, consisting of 297 boys (mean age = 13.16) and 201 girls (mean age = 12.87 years). Subsequently, the data was analyzed using the mediating effect and Bootstrap tests. The coping style positively predicted the meaning in life (β=0.294) and prosocial behavior (β=0.293). Conversely, mental health was predicted in a negative direction (β=-0.494). Mental health negatively predicted prosocial behavior (β=-0.810), although prosocial behavior positively predicted meaning in life (β=0.644). Finally, prosocial behavior negatively predicted mental health (β=-0.513). Additionally, the interplay between prosocial behavior and meaning in life is established in terms of both the individual and chain mediating roles. This study demonstrates that coping styles during a normalized epidemic prevention and control situation directly impact the mental health of Shanghai's outstanding physical education students. Additionally, these coping styles indirectly influence mental health through the mediating effects of meaning in life and prosocial behaviors. Furthermore, meaning in life and prosocial behaviors act as chain mediators in this relationship.