Objective: To assess cardiovascular (CV) risk measurement, blood pressure (BP) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL) control rates, in hypertensive patients with dyslipidemia, based on current recommendations of guidelines, and compare them with assessment provided by physicians. Design and method: Cross-sectional, observational, multicenter epidemiological study (SNAPSHOT-1), conducted in Romania, involved 130 investigators (general practitioners, cardiologists, and diabetologists), and included 2469 hypertensive patients with dyslipidemia. Results: Study population (65±10 years; 40.9% men) had the following characteristics: 12.1% smokers; 40.9% overweight and 45.2% obese (BMI 30.1±5.2 kg/m2); 80.0% had comorbidities, most frequently diabetes mellitus (45.0%), angina (28.8%), and chronic kidney disease (18.8%). Mean systolic / diastolic BP were 137.6±17.1 / 81.0±10.4 mmHg, total cholesterol was 199.1±54.3 mg/dL, HDL-C 51.2±15.9 mg/dL, LDL-C 118.4±46.4 mg/dL, and triglycerides 162.1±92.4 mg/dL. CV risk was estimated by the investigators as “high” or “very high” for 34.3% and 35.4% of patients, respectively, whereas calculated CV risk according to the SCORE chart 1 was “high” or “very high” for 12.6% and 81.8% of patients. Thus, only 41.5% of the investigators estimated CV risk accurately, while 54.2% underestimated it. Hypertension was treated in 98.1% of patients. BP was considered controlled by investigators in 71.2% of patients, whereas BP control based on European recommendations was achieved by only 25.0% of patients. Dyslipidemia was treated in 90.9% of patients. LDL-C was considered controlled by investigators in 46.1% of patients, whereas LDL-C control based on European recommendations was achieved by only 8.8% of patients. Both BP and LDL-C were considered controlled by investigators in 39.6% of patients, whereas both targets were controlled based on European recommendations in only 3.3% of patients (Figure). 44.7% of patients were treated with a single-pill combination for hypertension, and only 9.0% received treatment for both hypertension and dyslipidemia in a single pill. Conclusions: This study showed that CV risk is underestimated by physicians in more than half of patients. BP and LDL-C control is markedly overestimated by physicians, while real control rates remain very low. Use of single-pill combinations is still low.