Control Package Research Articles

Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on quality of Barhi dates at Khalal stage

Barhi Dates are an important food and often consumed and sold in the market during the stage Khalal, when the colour is yellow and their taste is sweet with the disappearance of their astringent taste. During the Khalal stage, these dates become physiologically mature with gives the sweet taste. For this reason, they are sold and consumed in a short period of time before these fruits turn into Rutab, a stage at which they lose that distinguishing characteristic. The high moisture, rapid ripening, and delays in transportation or improper storage conditions quickly result in Rutab stage. Thus The Khalal stage lasts for a short time until the fruits get ripe. In the present study, Barhi Khalals were packaged in air (control) and by two types of modified atmosphere packaging: MAP A (5% O2+ 20% CO2 and 75% N2) and MAP B (40% O2+ 20% CO2 and 40% N2). Afterwards, all samples were stored at 5°C for 30 days. On days zero, 10, 20 and 30 of storage, the fruits were evaluated in terms of the changes in the quality indices of weight loss, colour, Total Soluble Solids (TSS), and firmness of the fruits and sensory features. The results showed that the minimum weight loss was 0.45% in modified atmosphere packaging, especially with MAP A and the minimum increase in the TSS was 37.35 Brix° after 30 days of the storage. On the other hand, the results for firmness, colour, and sensory evaluation were better with control packaging.

Nonchemical based integrated management package for live-wood eating termites in tea plantations of north-east India

Live wood eating termites are responsible for considerable damage to young and mature teas throughout North-East India. Termite infestation leads not only to economic loss but also to the failure of several years of effort to grow tea plants. This study reveals the efficacy of various non-chemical approaches to control the termite problem in Assam tea plantation. Two multiplication field trials consisted of twelve non-chemical treatments were conducted following randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The trials revealed that Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana, Heterorhabditis indica and Ipomea carnea were effective in controlling the termites in tea compared to the check (thiamethoxam, a commonly used chemical pesticide against termites in conventional tea estates) as well as to control (untreated- water spray for both organic and conventional tea estates). Along with these non-chemical treatments, an integrated management package for termite control is discussed.

Effect of Formulation Factors and Oxygen Levels on the Stability of Aqueous Injectable Solution Containing Pemetrexed.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various parameters at each control strategy in drug product degradation on the stability of pemetrexed in injectable aqueous solution. A forced degradation study confirmed that oxidation is the main mechanism responsible for the degradation of pemetrexed in aqueous solutions. As control strategies, the antioxidant levels, drug concentration, pH of the control formulation, dissolved oxygen (DO) levels in the control process, and headspace oxygen levels in the control packaging were varied, and their effects on the stability of pemetrexed were evaluated. Sodium sulfite was found to be particularly effective in preventing the color change, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) had a significant effect in preventing chemical degradation. The sulfite and NAC were found to stabilize pemetrexed in the aqueous solution by acting as sacrificial reductants. A pH below 6 caused significant degradation. The stability of pemetrexed in the solution increased as the concentration of the drug increased from 12.5 to 50 mg/mL. In addition, the DO levels in the solution were controlled by nitrogen purging, and the oxygen levels in headspace were controlled by nitrogen headspace, which also had significant positive effects in improving the stability of the pemetrexed solution; thus, it was confirmed that molecular oxygen is involved in the rate-limiting oxidation step. Based on these results obtained by observing the effects of various control strategies, the optimal formulation of an injectable solution of pemetrexed is suggested as follows: sodium sulfite at 0.06 mg/mL, as an antioxidant for prevention of color change; NAC at 1.63 mg/mL, as an antioxidant for prevention of chemical degradation; pH range 7–8; DO levels below 1 ppm; and headspace oxygen levels below 1%. In conclusion, it can be suggested that this study, which includes well-designed control strategies, can lead to a better understanding of the complex degradation mechanism of pemetrexed; thus, it can lead to the development of an injectable solution formulation of pemetrexed, with improved stability.

TMTDyn: A Matlab package for modeling and control of hybrid rigid–continuum robots based on discretized lumped systems and reduced-order models

A reliable, accurate, and yet simple dynamic model is important to analyzing, designing, and controlling hybrid rigid–continuum robots. Such models should be fast, as simple as possible, and user-friendly to be widely accepted by the ever-growing robotics research community. In this study, we introduce two new modeling methods for continuum manipulators: a general reduced-order model (ROM) and a discretized model with absolute states and Euler–Bernoulli beam segments (EBA). In addition, a new formulation is presented for a recently introduced discretized model based on Euler–Bernoulli beam segments and relative states (EBR). We implement these models in a Matlab software package, named TMTDyn, to develop a modeling tool for hybrid rigid–continuum systems. The package features a new high-level language (HLL) text-based interface, a CAD-file import module, automatic formation of the system equation of motion (EOM) for different modeling and control tasks, implementing Matlab C-mex functionality for improved performance, and modules for static and linear modal analysis of a hybrid system. The underlying theory and software package are validated for modeling experimental results for (i) dynamics of a continuum appendage, and (ii) general deformation of a fabric sleeve worn by a rigid link pendulum. A comparison shows higher simulation accuracy (8–14% normalized error) and numerical robustness of the ROM model for a system with a small number of states, and computational efficiency of the EBA model with near real-time performances that makes it suitable for large systems. The challenges and necessary modules to further automate the design and analysis of hybrid systems with a large number of states are briefly discussed.

Enterprise Resource Planning: Past, Present, and Future

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to provide a broad overview of the history and development of ERPs and outline recent developments with the advent of digital innovations like cloud computing. The research approach in this article was to review literature from both academic journals and industry reports. The article found that ERPs have changed dramatically from precursor systems like integrated control (IC) packages and material resource planning (MRP) systems. They continue to change with the advent of cloud computing, as well as digital innovations like artificial intelligence. While several articles have addressed the evolution of ERPs, this article’s unique contribution is that it covers the most recent developments, including discussions on cloud ERPs and postmodern ERPs.

Tracking progress of tobacco control in Pakistan against the MPOWER package of interventions: Challenges and opportunities

MPOWER is an evidence-based package of the six most effective demand reduction interventions to reduce tobacco use. Global evidence shows that introduction of this package has accelerated and strengthened tobacco control worldwide with over 5 billion people living in 136 countries covered by at least one of these key interventions. This paper comments on how tobacco control laws in a low and middle income country, Pakistan, are meeting the MPOWER package provisions and what the challenges and opportunities for tobacco control are in the country. Pakistan is home to over 24 million tobacco users consuming a variety of tobacco products including 10 million smokeless tobacco users. Pakistan has introduced several laws to meet its international commitments under the framework convention against tobacco control and MPOWER package. However, gaps in existing policies, poor law enforcement, and a conflicting political economy of tobacco in the country pose major challenges for effective tobacco control. The changing political environment with renowned public health activists in current government, an active and independent judiciary, increasing use of social media, and a dynamic civil society offer opportunities to strengthen its efforts for effective policy actions against tobacco use.

산화억제 가능성과 사용편의성을 가진 일회성 조제분유 포장

In the modified atmosphere packaging of powdered infant formula, the oxygen inside the package may cause its quality deterioration and needs to be minimized for quality preservation. A way of oxygen scavenger inclusion in the single-serve package without contacting the product was devised for removing oxygen residing initially and permeating through the seal layer during the storage. A polyethylene/pulp multi-layer porous filter bag of 5 × 7 cm containing 13 g of powdered infant formula was packaged in an 8 × 9 cm size aluminium laminated film package with a Fe-based oxygen scavenger of 1.8 g. After nitrogen flushed packaging, the active packages were stored at 30oC for 254 days with periodical quality measurement. The active package could remove the initial residual oxygen of 1.4% completely and maintain absence of oxygen for the whole storage, which contributed to reduced oxidation observed in lower product peroxide value compared to that of the product in the control package. There was no influence of packaging treatment on content of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, reaction product of initial nonenzymatic browning. The devised oxygen-scavenging singleserve package showed a potential to improve the preservation of infant formula powder and extend the shelf life.

Effect of some Broomrape Control Treatments and Plant Densities on Productivity of Two Faba Bean Varieties (Vicia faba L.)

Experimental field was carried out in naturally infested field with broomrape at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, during two growing seasons 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 in order to study the effect of broomrape control treatments and planting density on faba bean productivity. In this study, we used two faba bean varieties (Misr 3 and Sakha 4), two plant densities (one side and two sides) and some broomrape control treatments (rhizobium at 20 g kg-1seeds, glyphosate twice at 36 g fed-1., rhizobium + glyphosate, hand pulling twice and untreated check). A split split plot design with four replicates was used. The results showed that the highest reduction in number of broomrape spikes plant-1, number of broomrape m-2 and dry weight of broomrape was recorded for Misr 3 variety with planting on one side and spraying glyphosate twice by (96.6, 97.9 and 98.0 %) in the first season, and by (96.2, 97.2 and 97.5 %) in the second season, respectively as compared to untreated Sakha 4 variety and planting on two sides. The highest yield of seeds (ardab fed-1) was obtained from Misr 3 variety with planting on two sides and spraying glyphosate twice + rhizobium treatment which surpassed by (84.8 and 88.5 %) in both sowing seasons, respectively as compared to untreated Sakha 4 variety and planting on one side. Thus, from the aforementioned results, could be recommended that the best control package for growing faba bean in soil infested with broomrape by planting Misr 3 variety with two sprays of glyphosate + rhizobium with planting on one side in kafr El-Sheikh area.

Influence of sulfur dioxide-emitting polyethylene packaging on blueberry decay and quality during extended storage

Abstract Blueberries are highly susceptible to decay after harvest and application of sulfur dioxide (SO2) has been shown to effectively control decay during extended storage. Box liners are in commonly used with other commodities to reduce water loss. In 2017 three varieties, ‘Emerald’, Jewel’ and ‘Misty’, were obtained from commercial packing houses. They were contained in plastic clamshells with 12 clamshells per box. We examined: 1) two liners that continuously emitted SO2 from sodium metabisulfite incorporated into the liner film. These ventilated with holes that comprised 0.3 % or 0.9 % of the liner surface area; 2) two solid, non-ventilated liners designed to develop a modified atmosphere (MA) during storage, either alone or with SO2 emitting sheets inside the packages within the liners; 3) control packages without liners. After packaging the fruit were placed into storage for either 3 or 6 weeks and then evaluated for decay and fruit quality. The effect on decay was determined both by assessing natural decay and by determining the spread of decay from berries inoculated with Botrytis cinerea. In 2018 two varieties, ‘Draper’ and ‘Duke’ were tested in a similar manner, except a 0.1 % vented liner replaced the 0.9 % liner, which performed poorly in 2017, and the SO2-emitting sheets were not included as a treatment. In 2018 we measured concentrations of SO2 and atmospheric gases were monitored within the packages. Results from both years indicated that the SO2-emitting liners were effective in reducing natural decay and the spread of aerial mycelial growth of B. cinerea from inoculated berries compared to treatments without SO2. Treatments that combined SO2 and MA (SO2/MA) were the most effective. MA alone did not consistently control decay. The high level of effectiveness of the SO2/MA treatment in controlling decay may be due to higher humidity levels within the packages that would enhance SO2 activity, because SO2 concentrations did not differ among the liner types and concentrations of CO2 in the MA packaging were too low to have had much effect. Weight loss was significantly less in packaging with liners with less vent area, with the least being in the MA packaging, regardless of the presence of SO2. Less weight loss was associated with reduced shrivel, although firmness was not always greater. SO2 concentrations measured in 2018 did not exceed 10 μL L-1 and bleaching of the berries did not occur in either year. SO2-emitting liners are an effective means of preserving blueberry quality during extended storage, particularly when combined with MA. The simplicity of assembling a package with a single liner versus using a conventional liner followed by a SO2-emitting sheet could be of benefit to blueberry packers.

Super-resolution labelling with Action-PAINT.

Recent advances in localisation-based super-resolution microscopy have enabled researchers to visualise single molecular features down to individual molecular components (~5 nm), but do not yet allow manipulation of single-molecule targets in a user-prescribed, context-dependent manner. Here we report an “Action-PAINT” strategy for super-resolution labelling upon visualisation on single molecules. This approach monitors and localises DNA binding events in real-time with DNA-PAINT, and upon visualisation of binding to a desired location, photo-crosslinks the DNA to affix the molecular label. We showed the efficiency of 3-cyanovinylcarbazole nucleoside (CNVK) photo-inducible crosslinking on single molecular targets and developed a software package for real-time super-resolution imaging and crosslinking control. We then benchmarked our super-resolution labelling method on synthetic DNA nanostructures and demonstrated targeted multi-point labelling on various complex patterns with 30 nm selectivity. Finally, we performed targeted in situ labelling on fixed microtubule samples with 40 nm target size and custom-controlled, sub-diffraction spacing.

Control and commissioning of a hot-gas bypass compressor load stand for testing light-commercial compressors on low-GWP refrigerants

Abstract As a result of changing efficiency standards for HVAC&R equipment, hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants such as R134a and R410A are in the process of being phased out because of their high Global Warming Potential (GWP). Many low-GWP refrigerants, such as R1234yf, R1234ze(E), R1234ze(D), R32, and several blends of these, are being considered as replacements. This creates a need for design changes to compressors. Recent work by Schmidt et al. (2019) presented a hot-gas bypass compressor load stand constructed at Oklahoma State University to facilitate testing of compressors deployed with these refrigerants ranging in capacity from 10 to 80 tons. This work extends the previous by developing a comprehensive controls package to maintain stability and control over the wide range of capacities and operating conditions. This controls package, implemented in LabVIEW, allows independent control over the compressor suction pressure and temperature and discharge pressure using Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers. The controllers were tuned to maintain a set point as well as minimize the random uncertainty of the measurements. A series of commissioning tests were then performed, using a 40 ton scroll compressor, to validate the control scheme, and to evaluate the resulting quality of primary measurements. The initial results suggest that an appropriately balanced cooling water flow and tuned controllers are critical to minimize random uncertainty of the data and maintain stability of the load stand. Adjusting the water flow alone provided stability but yielded random uncertainty that was roughly 3.4 times higher than with both flow adjustment and an appropriately tuned controller.

NACHO: an R package for quality control of NanoString nCounter data.

The NanoStringTM nCounter® is a platform for the targeted quantification of expression data in biofluids and tissues. While software by the manufacturer is available in addition to third parties packages, they do not provide a complete quality control (QC) pipeline. Here, we present NACHO ('NAnostring quality Control dasHbOard'), a comprehensive QC R-package. The package consists of three subsequent steps: summarize, visualize and normalize. The summarize function collects all the relevant data and stores it in a tidy format, the visualize function initiates a dashboard with plots of the relevant QC outcomes. It contains QC metrics that are measured by default by the manufacturer, but also calculates other insightful measures, including the scaling factors that are needed in the normalization step. In this normalization step, different normalization methods can be chosen to optimally preprocess data. Together, NACHO is a comprehensive method that optimizes insight and preprocessing of nCounter® data. NACHO is available as an R-package on CRAN and the development version on GitHub https://github.com/mcanouil/NACHO. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Influence of chitosan nanoparticles and fennel essential oils (Foeniculum vulgare) on the shelf life of Huso huso fish fillets during the storage.

Fish and fishery products are important parts of the human diet, but the microbial, chemical, and physical deteriorations limit their shelf life. Using the modified atmospheric packaging system and edible coatings is one of the main procedures to improve the shelf life of fish. In this research, the effect of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) loaded with fennel essential oils along with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) system on chemical, microbial, and sensorial properties of Huso huso fish fillets during storage at fridge were evaluated. The results showed that coating fish fillets with CNPs and fennel EO significantly reduced the peroxide value, total volatile nitrogen, and thiobarbituric acid value compared with the control samples. Microbial analyses showed a lower number of mesophilic, psychotropic, pseudomonas, and lactic acid bacteria in coated fillets compared with control and MAP packaging. Fish fillets coated with CNPs and EO showed high acceptability in all sensorial attribute through the storage. It can be concluded that using CNPs and fennel EO along with MAP packaging can enhance the shelf life for H. huso fillets up to 18 days in the fridge.

Control and Commissioning of a Hot Gas Bypass Compressor Load Stand for Testing Light-Commercial Compressors on Low-GWP Refrigerants

Because of changing efficiency standards for HVAC&R equipment, hydrofluorocar-bon refrigerants such as R134a and R410A are in the process of being phased out because of their high Global Warming Potential (GWP). Many low-GWP refrigerants, such as R1234yf, R1234ze(E), R1234ze(D), R32, and several blends of these, are being considered as replace-ments. This creates a need for design changes to compressors. Recent work by Schmidt et al. (2018) presented a hot-gas bypass compressor load stand constructed at Oklahoma State University to facilitate testing of compressors with their new design changes.The load stand has a design capacity range of 10-80 tons. This wide spectrum of testing conditions necessitates a comprehensive controls package to maintain stability and control over the simulated operating condition. This controls package was designed in LabVIEW and allows independent control over the compressor suction pressure and temperature and the discharge pressure using PI controllers. The controllers operate to both set the desired operating condition as well as minimize the variation of the parameters with time (i.e. random uncertainty).A series of commissioning tests were performed to validate the stand operation and performance metric measurements using a 40 ton scroll compressor. The initial results suggested that appropriately balanced cooling water flow and appropriately tuned controllers are critical to minimize random uncertainty of the data. Without appropriate tuning or cooling water control the load stand was unstable. Adjusting the water flow provided stability but yielded random uncertainty of 0.014% compared with both water control and appropriately tuned controller which yielded random uncertainty of 0.0041%.

Effect of argon- and nitrogen-based modified atmosphere packaging on shiitake mushroom quality

The effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on shiitake mushroom quality was investigated using different types of gases (air, nitrogen and argon). The mushrooms were placed in a composite polyethylene-polyamide package, and then the package was evacuated, flushed with desired gas, and heat-sealed. The packaged mushrooms were stored at 5 and 15℃ for 21 days. During storage, the color, texture, gas composition, weight loss, microorganism count and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity were measured. Carbon dioxide production, weight loss, color change, PPO activity, microorganism count and decline of hardness were more inhibited at 5℃ than at 15℃. The MAP used did not affect the weight loss or microbial count. However, mushroom in the argon (Ar) MAP had the lowest carbon dioxide production followed by those in the nitrogen (N) MAP and then the air filled control packaging (C). At 15℃, the L* value of the mushroom gills in the Ar and N MAP maintained throughout the storage time. Of particular note, mushrooms in Ar MAP retained hardness at 5 and 15℃, unlike those of the control. PPO activity was inhibited by the Ar and N MAP at 15℃. Based on these results, the quality of shiitake mushrooms was best preserved during storage by the Ar MAP.

Analysis of the creep behaviour of ventilated corrugated paperboard packaging for handling fresh produce — An experimental study

During handling, storage and transportation of fresh horticultural produce such as pome fruit, packages are often stacked. The resistance of the package, particularly the bottom package to the weight on it is regarded as a measure of its compression strength. Over time, due to the load, the package losses its strength which results into collapse, consequently leading to damage of the packed produce. This time-dependent phenomenon is known as creep. A package should therefore be able to withstand the load on it over its life span. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the creep behaviour of three corrugated paperboard packages at two environmental conditions under constant load for a 12h duration. The packages were two vented packages (Standard vent and Multi vent) and an unvented Control package. The environmental conditions used in the study were standard conditions (23°C and 50% RH) and refrigerated conditions (2°C and 85% RH). The Bailey-Norton creep law and Power law models showed a good correlation with the experimental creep strain. Load and environmental conditions affected the creep of the packages. High load resulted in an increased creep rate. Refrigerated conditions increased the creep rate of the packages in comparison with the standard condition. Package configuration also had a significant effect on the creep rate. The unvented Control package had the lowest creep rate compared to the vented packages.

여름 배추의 품질 유지를 위한 pallet unit-controlled atmosphere 포장 효과

The effects of the pallet unit-controlled atmosphere (PUCA) packaging system on the physicochemical quality and physiological changes in the kimchi cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) harvested in summer, during cold storage at 2℃ were examined. PUCA packaging delayed the weight loss and trimming loss of kimchi cabbages during storage, irrespective of the O2 and CO2 concentrations. In addition, the cabbages stored using the PUCA packaging at 0.5% O2 + 2% CO2, 2% O2 + 2% CO2, and 2% O2 + 10% CO2 exhibited lower internal disorder/decay incidence rate than the control, and maintained the moisture content. The total phenolic content of the cabbages with PUCA packaging exposed to 2% O2 + 2% CO2 was higher after 80 days of storage compared to cabbages stored in the control conditions and in the PUCA packaging at 0.5% O2 + 2% CO2 or 2% O2 + 10% CO2. No significant (p>0.05) differences were observed in the pH, firmness, reducing sugar content, soluble solids content, and total glucosinolate content of the control and PUCA packaging samples during storage for 80 days. Therefore, these results indicate that the PUCA packaging system, at appropriate gas concentrations, can be useful in maintaining the quality of kimchi cabbage during long-term storage.

Development and application of a pyrogallic acid-based oxygen scavenging packaging system for shelf life extension of peeled garlic

In this study, an LDPE film was modified by blending with sodium carbonate and coating with 10%and 20% pyrogallic acid. The developed oxygen scavenging film was used to store peeled garlic at room temperature (25 °C) and 5 °C for 30 days over which the quality attributes and package atmosphere were monitored. Oxygen and CO2 concentration were stabilized much faster in the oxygen scavenger package at low temperature compared to that stored at 25 °C. However, in the control sample, O2 and CO2 were not stabilized due to respiration, and O2 concentration reached0 at day15 of storage. The oxygen scavenger packaging reduced fungal decay, weight loss, and aerobic count compared to the control package at both temperatures. Garlic stored in the oxygen scavenger package remained firmer than that in control during storage. The control sample developed yellow coloration during storage; the example in the oxygen scavenger package stored at 5 °C showed a negligible colour change, whereas the package stored at 25 °C show slight yellowish colour after 20 days. Garlic packed with the LDPE/PG 10% and 20% films and stored at 5 °C retained excellent quality until day 30 of storage, whereas garlic stored at 25 °C started deteriorating after day 20.

Management control in circular economy. Exploring and theorizing the adaptation of management control to circular business models

A growing body of literature argues that an organization's management control needs to adapt as an organization changes business model or strategy for the management control to be consistent with the organization's objectives and strategies. Nevertheless, scepticism has been raised about the role of management controls in promoting sustainability or the circular economy within organizations. Based on the management control framework of Malmi and Brown (2008), this paper explores empirically how organizations work with the circular economy and how management control has adapted to the business model. The results show that the circular economy can be practiced in different ways and that the adaptation and application of the circular economy affects the whole management control package. The paper identifies the importance of cultural control and long-range planning for communicating circular values and spreading a culture based on circular principles. However, regardless of what circular strategies are used, circular work tends to steer attention to the early phases of the product life cycle. For management controls this means that action plans, cost accounting, and investment appraisals must reflect a higher level of detail and a longer time horizon. The paper highlights how this is associated with challenges for traditional management controls.

Preserving Milk Nutrition with Light Protection Packaging (P16-063-19)

ObjectivesLight exposure of packaged foods during their distribution, retailing, and consumer use can degrade product nutrient content as well as visual appearance and taste. Changes to food nutrients caused by light may negatively alter their functionality, bioavailability, and efficacy. Proper package design consideration may protect nutrients and sensory quality and is important for delivering health value and positive eating experience. Dairy milk is a food category of interest due its vulnerability to nutrient degradation with light exposure. Our research aims to quantify the impacts of light on milk nutrients to elucidate the role of packaging for nutrient preservation of dairy milk. MethodsA patented method was used to determine a Light Protection Factor (LPF) to quantify light protection performance of the study packaging materials. The method provides light exposure to the packaging under evaluation and monitors a light sensitive marker solution to then determine the LPF value. Aqueous riboflavin (RF) solution was chosen as the marker in our study as it is a leading indicator of milk nutrient and sensory decline. ResultsEach of four light protection packaging treatments was measured by use of the LPF methodology. The impact of light on the nutrient content of extended-shelf-life milk was observed over a month in a simulated retail storage environment (fluorescently lighted refrigerator case, 2186 lux, 3 C) as a function of these light protection packaging treatments. LPF light protective performances of packaging treatments were correlated to RF preservation of packaged milks through the study (R2 > 0.95). The highest LPF packaging treatment (LPF 64) preserved milk RF at 83% of its initial level through the study whereas the control packaging without light protection treatment (LPF 1) had only 23% RF remaining in the same study period. ConclusionsLPF can be used to quantitatively design packages with improved light protection performance ensuring RF content of milk through product life. As RF decline is a leading indicator of decline of other light sensitive nutrients, this methodology has applicability to quantitatively predict preservation of other nutrients impacted by light such as Vitamins A and D. Funding SourcesThe Chemours Company FC, LLC.