Official Control Research Articles

Dealing with the Material Legacies of Italian Fascist Colonialism in Post-Communist Tirana

Albania was Italy’s most short-lived colony, under official fascist control only from the Italian invasion in 1939 until the collapse of Mussolini’s regime in 1943. However, although the fascist occupation was brief, there had been a significant Italian involvement in Albania since 1923. Thus, the influence of Fascism on Albania and especially on the capital city of Tirana was immense, not least in the areas of urban planning and architecture, most of which was retained intact by the Communist dictatorship which ruled from 1944 to 1990. This essay investigates the afterlives of this fascist-era architecture in post-Communist Tirana. In the panoply of Italy’s imperial territories, Albania was unique in passing from a fascist dictatorship to a Communist one and this trajectory provides important nuance to the current debates regarding the legacies of fascist heritage in the 75 years since the regime’s fall and especially in the twenty-first century. This essay pays particular attention to the years 2016–2020 during which two notable examples of fascist-era architecture in Tirana, namely the city’s football stadium and the National Theatre, have been at the centre of major political and public debates about the future of the city, the country and its governance, asking what these recent cases can reveal about the memory of fascist imperialism in post-Communist, democratic Albania and contributing to ongoing debates about the management, treatment and reception of the material legacies of Italian colonialism more broadly.

A Linear Programming Method Based Optimal Power Flow Problem for Iraqi Extra High Voltage Grid (EHV)

The objective of an Optimal Power Flow (OPF) algorithm is to find steady state operation point which minimizes generation cost, loss etc. while maintaining an acceptable system performance in terms of limits on generators real and reactive powers, line flow limits etc. The OPF solution includes an objective function. A common objective function concerns the active power generation cost. A Linear programming method is proposed to solve the OPF problem. The Linear Programming (LP) approach transforms the nonlinear optimization problem into an iterative algorithm that in each iteration solves a linear optimization problem resulting from linearization both the objective function and constrains. A computer program, written in MATLAB environment, is developed to represent the proposed method. The adopted program is applied for the first time on Iraqi 24 bus Extra High Voltage (EHV) network (400 kV). The required are data taken from the operation and control office, which belongs to the ministry of electricity.

Peran Komunikasi Dan Pelayanan Dalam Meningkatkan Kepuasan Masyarakat

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of communication and services on community satisfaction (study at the Office of Population Control, Family Planning, Women's Empowerment and Child Protection in Boalemo Regency). The data used in this study is primary data sourced from filling out questionnaires. The research population is 75 respondents using the incidental method. The analytical technique used to answer research problems and test hypotheses is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that communication had a positive and significant effect on community satisfaction, service had a positive and significant effect on community satisfaction and simultaneously the variables of communication and service had a positive and significant effect on community satisfaction.

Can transillumination improve the detection of deep pectoral myopathy in turkey carcases when compared with postmortem inspection alone?

You work as an official veterinarian in a small turkey abattoir. The plant inspection assistants would like to begin using a light source to transilluminate turkey carcases to improve the detection of deep pectoral myopathy (also known as Oregon disease). This methodology would be used in conjunction with the legally required postmortem inspection. The plant inspection assistants would like to adopt this approach because it is mentioned in the relevant rejection cards provided within the Manual for Official Controls published by the UK Food Standards Agency. They ask for your opinion as you will ultimately be responsible for the postmortem inspections. You wonder whether there is any evidence that the addition of a light source would result in more accurate disease screening than postmortem examination alone. In [turkeys at risk of deep pectoral myopathy], does [shining a light through the carcass followed by postmortem inspection compared with postmortem inspection alone] result in [more accurate disease screening]? The search strategy can be viewed at https://bestbetsforvets.org/bet/588, and is also available as a supplement to this article on Vet Record's website at https://bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/20427670/2023/192/12 Search last performed: 14 May 2023 None of the articles returned by the literature search directly answered the question posed in this evidence evaluation. This highlights the need for research directly comparing these diagnostic methods to determine whether additional exposure to light improves disease screening accuracy. In the absence of peer-reviewed evidence, other information sources, such as government reports, could be used when deciding which diagnostic screening approach would be the most effective. However, there needs to be an appreciation of the costs and benefits associated with integrating any new processes during the meat inspection process. As the prevalence of deep pectoral myopathy in turkeys is reportedly low and using transillumination may be more time consuming than postmortem examination alone, this approach may potentially be more suited to low- to medium-throughput abattoirs. The ‘Evaluating The Evidence’ section of Vet Record aims to answer specific clinical questions using a systematic approach to identify and succinctly summarise the relevant evidence from the scientific literature. The shortcomings of this evidence are also taken into account, thereby enabling vets to incorporate the best available evidence from the literature when making clinical decisions. Please contact us at [email protected] if you have an article you would like us to consider for publication in this section. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.

Role and capacity needs of community based surveillance volunteers in the integrated management of skin neglected tropical diseases (skin NTDs): a qualitative study from central Ghana

BackgroundCommunity Based Surveillance Volunteers (CBSVs) have been instrumental in the management of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) but a concern that their services in scale up programmes may be affected due to high attrition rates has been widely acknowledged. We explored the roles and capacity needs of existing CBSVs to inform for a successful integrated NTD management programme in Ghana and similar contexts.MethodsWe conducted qualitative interviews with 50 CBSVs, 21 Community Nurses, 4 Disease control officers, 7 skin NTD researchers, 2 skin NTD patients and a Director of District Health Services in Central Ghana. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and coded prior to translation and thematic analysis.ResultsThe roles of CBSVs in NTD management were shown to have an impact on disease identification, surveillance, health seeking behaviours and status of CBSVs. Lack of motivation, inadequate structures for engagement of CBSVs within the health system and delayed management of reported cases were identified as gaps that hinder effective delivery of CBSV roles. Provision of incentives as recognition for the unpaid services rendered by CBSVs was seen as a major factor to reduce the rate of CBSV attrition in this scale up programme. Other factors included the formulation of policies by government to guide CBSV engagement, regular training of CBSV in NTD management as well as provision of resources and logistics.ConclusionMeasures including continuous training, institution of rewards and incentivization are important for ensuring the sustainability of CBSVs in the provision of skin NTD services in Ghana.

Peran Petugas Apron Movement Control (Amc) Dalam Pengawasan Keselamatan Sisi Udara Di Bandar Udara Tambolaka Sumba Barat Daya

ABSTRACT, Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers often find Ground Handling officers who do not use ear protection and drive GSE vehicles that exceed the maximum speed of 20 KM, causing the GSE vehicle to suddenly die. This researcher aims 1) To determine the role of Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers. 2) To find out the obstacles for Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers in an effort to improve safety on the air side and to find out solutions in solving the obstacles for Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers.
 This study uses a qualitative method. The tools used were the researchers themselves, with the results of observations in the Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit, interviews and documents as supporting documents to answer the research questions, the researchers conducted a 3-stage analysis consisting of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions.
 The results of this study indicate that 1) The role of the Apron Movement Control Unit (AMC) at Tambolaka Airport, Sumba Barat Daya, is located at domestic and international airports which play a very important role in aviation security and safety including providing instructions and supervising all vehicles and personnel traveling serves to oversee the movement of aircraft in the area of ​​aircraft that are currently operating on the Apron and Runway. 2) Obstacles in the Apron Movement Control Unit (AMC) Tambolaka Airport, Southwest Sumba, namely the obstacles experienced when carrying out supervision, there is still a lack of ear protection when monitoring the performance of baggage handling personnel and Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers. naturally the Apron Movement Control (AMC) officer while carrying out surveillance on the apron, the officer found a GSE vehicle that was traveling beyond the maximum limit of 20 km so that it experienced a sudden engine shutdown, not knowing about the rules on the air side.

LC-HRMS analysis of 13 classes of pharmaceutical substances in food supplements

ABSTRACT Food supplements should not contain substances considered unsafe or pose a health risk to consumers. In recent years illegal adulterants have been found in various functional foods without notification of their presence or amount in the labelling. In this study, a validated method was developed and applied as a screening method to detect 124 forbidden substances belonging to 13 classes of compounds in food supplements. Liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and a simple and rapid extraction protocol was applied to 110 food supplements collected from the internet market or during official controls in Italy. The percentage of non-compliant samples was 4.5%, relatively high compared with the official control results for these substances usually obtained on other food matrices. The results suggested the need to strengthen controls in this field to detect food supplement adulteration, which represents a potential health risk for the consumer.

The Effect of Work Discipline on Employee Performance Apron Movement Control (AMC) at Umbu Mehang Kunda Waingapu Airport, East Sumba

Umbu Mehang Kunda Airport is one of the Airport Service Unit (UPBU) airports located in the city of Waingapu, East Sumba district, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to find out whether work discipline affects the performance of Apron Movement Control (AMC) employees at Umbu Mehang Kunda Waingapu Airport, and how much work discipline affects the performance of Apron Movement Control (AMC) employees at Umbu Mehang Kunda Waingapu Airport, Sumba. East. This research uses quantitative methods in an effort to test the hypotheses that have been prepared. To find out the effect of work discipline on the performance of Apron Movement Control (AMC) employees at Umbu Mehang Kunda Waingapu Airport, a questionnaire was carried out to 40 respondents consisting of officers from the Ground Handling, Customer Service, Pkp-Pk, and Atc units who coordinated with Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers who are the object of this research, then the results of the respondents' answers are convected using a Likert scale and calculated using the SPSS program. Based on the T test results of this study that there is an influence of Work Discipline on Employee Performance Apron Movement Control (AMC) at Umbu Mehang Kunda Waingapu Airport, East Sumba. Judging from the results of the tcount calculation of 6.323 above compared to ttable which is 2.024 at a significant level of 5%, so t count t table. Based on the results of these calculations, it was also obtained that the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.513 that there was an effect of the Work Discipline variable on the Employee Performance variable of 51.3% and the remaining 48.7% was influenced by other factors which in this case were not examined.

Optimization of Monitoring of Apron Cleanliness from Foreign Object Debris (FOD) by the Apron Movement Control Unit (AMC) at Supadio Pontianak International Airport

Foreign Object Debris (FOD) is an object or foreign object that is alive or not living in the apron area (aircraft parking area), taxiway and runway (runway) which can cause damage to aircraft and has the potential to pose a hazard to the safety and security of aircraft operations fly. The purpose of this study was to determine the efforts, constraints, and solutions of Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers in monitoring the cleanliness of aprons from Foreign Object Debris (FOD) at Supadio Pontianak International Airport. This study used a qualitative research method using primary and secondary data which was conducted in March 2023 at Supadio Pontianak International Airport. This research was conducted in the Apron Movement Control and Ground Handling units using data collection and retrieval techniques through interviews conducted with 1 resource person from the Apron Movement Control Coordinator, 1 marshaller from PT. Mulio Citra Angkasa as the Ground Handling Agent, through observation, documentation and library research. To test the validity of the data, researchers used credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability tests. As for data analysis that researchers use, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, verification and conclusions. The results of this study indicate that AMC officers make efforts to monitor the cleanliness of the apron by carrying out scheduled inspections, outside of the scheduled ones, and coordinating with related stake holders such as ground handling, bukaka, and Pertamina. The obstacle faced by AMC officers is the number of officers who are only 2 to 3 people per shift makes it difficult for officers to carry out supervision on the apron, the condition of the apron is cracked, and the construction of new corridors so that it is feared that it can cause FOD to enter the apron. The solution to deal with these obstacles is to carry out routine inspections at least 2 times per shift and additional inspections if the weather is bad, conduct socialization to increase awareness of all stakeholders at the airport, conduct FOD Walks when AMC officers want to operate garbarata.

Optimization of the Concentrated Inspection Campaign Model to Strengthen Port State Control

The concentrated inspection campaign (CIC) is a derivative of the port state control (PSC) supplement, which is a fixed single series of deficiency inspections performed for three consecutive months at the end of each year. This study used grey relational analysis (GRA) and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to analyze the data of 71,376 deficiency records with 496 deficiency codes and 21 ship types in the Paris MoU for the last three years so as to improve the existing focus inspection pattern, which uses only the most accumulated number of deficiency series of the previous year’s PSC inspection. It also combines the three-sigma rule to find the inspection items most likely to be found as deficient by the port state control officer (PFSO) of the member country and creates a new rolling CIC scheme with deficiency inspection data for the last three years, which can filter out the significant deficiency codes with high numbers of deficiency inspections and use them as a modified CIC. It can not only solve the existing CIC’s lack of thoroughness, but also avoid the problems of missing important inspection codes, missing substandard ships, and failing to meet the inspection consensus. The new CIC inspection mechanism created in this paper can indeed identify potential substandard ships more effectively and fill the inspection gap of the existing port state control.

Efektivitas Program Keluarga Berencana Pada Dinas Pengendalian Penduduk Dan Keluarga Berencana Kota Bitung Dalam Menekan Laju Pertumbuhan Penduduk Di Kota Bitung

The purpose of the study was to determine and analyze the effectiveness of the family planning program at the Bitung City Population Control and Family Planning Office in suppressing the population growth rate in Bitung City. This research was conducted in April 2023 at the Bitung City Population Control and Family Planning Office. This research uses qualitative research methods to explore in depth the problems that occur. The instruments used were direct observation in the field, literature and in-depth interviews with 8 informants. The results of research in the field, it was found that the target of the family planning program carried out by the Office of Population Control and Family Planning (DPPKB) can be said to be effective, where the targets targeted are couples of childbearing age (PUS) in Bitung City are also scattered in Bitung City, the level of public knowledge of family planning is still low, but the success of the family planning program in Bitung City can be said to be successful as seen from the number of birth rates that are still under control, population growth in Bitung City is caused not only by births but other factors such as population movements.

The 47-Year history of the City of Portland, Oregon's noise review board and its successful model of addressing community noise issues

The City of Portland Oregon has a successful history of over 40 years of operating a quasi-judicial Noise Review Board to help address and resolve urban environmental noise pollution. This paper explores the successes and failures of the unique Noise Review Board. The paper notes the potential for use of this governmental approach to address community noise in other large and medium sized cities. The Portland Noise Review Board is 6 members. It includes three technical professionals and three citizens at large to collaborate on noise in the urban environment. The technical professionals are 1) a professional in the Acoustical Sciences 2) A professional from the construction industry, and 3) the acoustical expert for the City of Portland , their Noise Control Officer. The Noise Control Officer is a non-voting member and staffs the government board. The five voting members administer quasi-judicial code decisions and offer the City's elected officials an experienced body to address environmental noise issues. The Noise Review Board plays a key role in the urban planning of Portland by offering guidance to the City Council on emerging sources of noise pollution, such as garbage trucks, leaf blowers, outdoor concert venues, and the Portland International Raceway.

COVID-19 vaccine safety inquiries to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Immunization Safety Office

BackgroundFollowing the authorization and recommendations for use of the U.S. COVID-19 vaccines, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)’s Immunization Safety Office (ISO) responded to inquiries and questions from public health officials, healthcare providers, and the general public on COVID-19 vaccine safety. MethodsWe describe COVID-19 vaccine safety inquiries, by topic, received and addressed by ISO from December 1, 2020–August 31, 2022. ResultsOf the 1978 COVID-19 vaccine-related inquiries received, 1655 specifically involved vaccine safety topics. The most frequently asked-about topics included deaths following vaccination, myocarditis, pregnancy, and reproductive health outcomes, understanding or interpreting data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), and thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome. ConclusionsInquiries about vaccine safety generally reflect issues that receive media attention. ISO will continue to monitor vaccine safety inquiries and provide accurate and timely information to healthcare providers, public health officials, and the general public.

Clustering of Tadalafil API Samples According to their Manufacturer in the Context of API Falsification Detection

This paper reports the results of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) fingerprint study, organised by the General European Official Medicines Control Laboratory Network (GEON), on tadalafil. A classical market surveillance study, evaluating compliance to the European Pharmacopoeia, was combined with a fingerprint study, the latter to obtain characteristic data for the different manufacturers, allowing the network laboratories to conduct authenticity tests for future samples, as well as to detect substandard and falsified samples.In total, 46 tadalafil API samples from 13 different manufacturers were collected. For all samples fingerprint data was collected through analysis of impurities and residual solvents, mass spectrometric screening, X-ray powder diffraction and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Chemometric analysis revealed that all manufacturers could be characterised based on the impurity, residual solvent and 1H-NMR data. Future suspicious samples in the network will therefore be analysed with these techniques in order to attribute the sample to one of the manufacturers. If the sample cannot be attributed, a more profound investigation will be necessary to reveal the origin of the sample. In cases where the suspect sample is claimed to be from one of the manufacturers included in this study, analysis can be limited to the test distinguishing that manufacturer.

Collective Catering Activities and Official Controls: Dietary Promotion, Sustainability and Future Perspectives.

Ensuring safe meals with suitable hygienic-sanitary and nutritional features is an essential requirement to guarantee health in different settings. This study aims to evaluate the compliance of collective catering menus adopted in both school canteens and healthcare facilities in a regional area where specific guidelines have been issued, assessing many matters from food weight to single courses and from the use of wholegrain pasta and bread to the rotation of seasonal fruit and vegetables. Overall, 85 menus, edited by freelance professionals and endorsed by the Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service staff of the Local Health Authority, were assessed from 2018 to 2022, highlighting critical issues potentially attributable at a local level to the lack of complete knowledge of the existence of guidelines and official reference documents among nutrition professionals. Since the preliminary outcomes show non-compliance in both sectors investigated, it is essential to continue to strengthen the role of prevention departments entrusted with services dedicated to food and nutritional safety and promote joint official controls performed by healthcare workers and other professionals with different backgrounds in order to ensure safe food for the target population that use collective catering services. In school canteens and healthcare facilities, providing and administering food is an opportunity to promote health through a balanced diet and safe food and offers opportunities for the development of community well-being and the local economy in a sustainable manner, understood in economic, environmental and social terms.

The Influence of Leadership, Work Environment, Job Satisfaction, Work Discipline on Employee Performance at The Office Of Population Control and Familiy Planning (DPPKB) District Labuhanbatu

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of leadership, work environment, job satisfaction, work discipline on employee performance at the office of population control and family planning (DPPKB) Labuhanbatu regency. The population and sample in this study were all 40 DPPKB employees. The research method uses multiple linear regression analysis which is processed using SmartPLS3. The results of the study prove that the independent variable (X), namely leadership, work environment, job satisfaction and work discipline both partially and simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The R square value is 0.799 or 79,90%, the variable leadership, work environment, job satisfaction and work discipline afeect employee performance, while the remaining 20,10% is influenced by other factors such as work motivation, work enthusiasm, work ethic, skills, and compensation

28 Effect of Dietary Hempseed Meal on Growth Performance and Dry Matter Intake in Yearling Rough-Stock Bulls

Abstract The Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) is gathering information about the safety and efficacy of hemp and its derivatives as potential animal feedstuffs. Yearling rough-stock bulls (n = 38) were used in a randomized complete block design to evaluate the effects of hempseed meal (HSM) as a concentrate ingredient on growth, dry matter intake (DMI), and efficiency. Bulls were blocked by body weight (BW), grouped into 10 pens (n = 3 or 4 bulls/pen), and randomly assigned to hempseed meal (HSM) or a control supplement treatment (CON; 72.5% cottonseed meal, 14.5% soy hulls, and 13% fat). Ingredients for CON were used because they were common commercial commodities and were formulated to match the macronutrients of HSM. Treatments were top-dressed at 10% of the diet, while 90% was fed as a mixed ration [50% bermudagrass hay, 40% textured commercial feed (10% CP)]. Feed delivery, treatment delivery, and orts were recorded daily. Diet samples were dried and used to calculate dry matter intake (DMI). Blood for urea-N (SUN; VetScan Chemistry Analyzer) and BW were obtained on days 0, 21, 42, and 63. Efficiency was evaluated for each period using DMI and average daily gain (ADG). Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure in SAS 9.4. Results were considered significant at P < 0.05, and tendencies were discussed at 0.05 > P > 0.10. No treatment×time interaction occurred for BW (P = 0.999), ADG (P = 0.563), interim DMI (P = 0.672), feed efficiency (P = 0.254), or SUN (P = 0.170). Treatment did not affect BW (320.4 and 324.69 ± 121.57 kg for CON and HSM, respectively, P = 0.996), but BW increased over time (261.13 ± 74.71 and 322.5 ± 121.57 kg, initial and final BW, respectively, P = 0.001). No treatment effect on ADG occurred (0.73 and 0.84 ± 0.13 kg for CON and HSM, respectively, P = 0.680). However, ADG decreased over time (1.0 ± 0.29, 1.19 ± 0.21 and 0.79 ± 0.13 kg, d0-21, d21-42, and d42-63, respectively, P = 0.005). Daily DMI resulted in a treatment×time interaction, where HSM often consumed more DM than CON (P < 0.01). Interim DMI increased over time (7.44 ± 1.25, 7.84 ± 0.98, and 8.18 ± 0.82 kg, d0-21, d21-42, and d42-63, respectively, P = 0.0073), but when combined with ADG to determine feed efficiency, the main effects were not different (P ≥ 0.17). Over time, SUN increased (4.91, 10.52, 11.66 and 12.72 ± 0.35 mg/dL for days 0, 21, 42 and 63, respectively, P < 0.001), and HSM had greater SUN than CON (10.46 and 9.45 ± 0.30 mg/dL for HSM and CON, respectively, P = 0.0426). These data suggest that bulls fed HSM at 10% diet DM perform similarly to bulls fed the same nutrient profile of standard commercial feed ingredients, indicating comparable nutrient availability between the treatments. Conversely, increased DMI and SUN in the HSM bulls suggest a difference in nitrogen metabolism between the treatments that warrants further investigation.

A collaborative study to establish the second national standard for hepatitis B immunoglobulin in Korea

This study aimed to establish a second national standard for hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) that can be used for potency assays of hepatitis B and normal immunoglobulin. The candidate material was manufactured using a process approved as Good Manufacturing Practice. The freeze-dried candidate preparation was tested for physicochemical and biological properties, including pH, residual moisture, molecular size distribution, and potency. A collaborative study was performed involving four laboratories, including the National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, as an official national control laboratory in Korea and manufacturers. The potency was calibrated against the second international standard for HBIG using two enzyme immunoassays: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Results from 240 assays were obtained from four laboratories, and combined potency estimates were obtained by calculating the geometric means. Intra- and inter-laboratory variability showed acceptable geometric coefficients of variation of 1.3–6.0 and 3.2–3.6%, respectively. The candidate preparation showed satisfactory stability in accelerated thermal degradation and real-time stability tests. Based on these results, the potency value of 105 IU/vial was assigned (95% confidence intervals: 100.0–109.2 IU/vial), and it was deemed suitable to serve as the Korean national standard for HBIG.

Clinical and epidemiological profile of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients in a megacity of west of Iran.

Low- and middle-income nations account for at least three-quarters of cardiovascular disease deaths worldwide. This study aimed to obtain real knowledge about ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients and provide the context for developing a principles for care quality improvement. This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2018 through December 2019. The study sample consisted of1169 eligible patients based on inclusion criteria. The data were collected using the standard EROP and three specialized, trained questionnaires. The collected data were checked by the quality control officer and analyzed using Stata Version 14. Patient baseline characteristics showed that body mass index, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were higher in women. Also, females recorded a considerable history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia compared to men. The results also showed that most men were smokers (46.80%). Aspirin (94.27%), statins (91.48%), and clopidogrel (90.68%) were the common medications used at hospital discharge for patients. The present study suggests that identifying and managing modifiable risk factors can improve cardiovascular disease outcomes. Also, considering the early identification of STEMI patients with new therapies can effectively decrease the rate of cardiovascular disease and its attributed health outcomes.

178 A characterization of declared nutrient profiles of commercially available manufactured feeds for broodmares and growing horses

Commercially manufactured concentrates may be fed to broodmares and growing horses. While many aspects of the production and labeling of commercial feeds are guided by governmental requirements or recommendations from the American Association of Feed Control Officials (AAFCO), each manufacturer determines the nutrient profiles for individual feeds. This project characterized the nutrient profiles of commercially available manufactured feeds intended for broodmares and growing horses. The study was performed using an internet search (Chrome, Google LLC) beginning in April of 2020 and ending in September of 2021. Search terms included horse, equine, growth, weanling, yearling, broodmare, breeding, nursery, stud, feed, mill, concentrate, pellet, cube, textured and sweet feed, in various combinations. A search using the name of each state and the term “feed mill” was also conducted. Only feeds declared to be for broodmares, breeding stock, or growing horses were included. Feeds intended to be fed at low intakes, such as ration balancers, and feeds intended as the entire ration (without forage) were excluded. The final data set included the manufacturers’ reported nutrient concentrations for minimum crude protein (CP, n = 132), minimum calcium (Ca, n = 131), minimum phosphorus (P, n = 131), minimum copper (Cu, n = 125), minimum zinc (Zn, n = 125), minimum selenium (n = 127),minimum vitamin A (n = 125), minimum vitamin E (n = 121) and minimum vitamin D (n = 91). The Ca:P ratio was calculated using the minimum Ca concentration and the minimum P concentration. Mean, standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated for each nutrient. Mean and SD for the reported minimums for CP, Ca and P were 14.6 ± 1.44%, 0.9 ± 0.28 % and 0.64 ± 0.13%, respectively. The mean value for Ca:P ratio was 1.5:1. Mean and SD for the reported minimums for Cu, Zn and Se were 54 ± 16 ppm, 171 ± 52 ppm and 0.54 ± 0.15 ppm, respectively. Mean values for the reported minimums for vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin D were 5453 ± 2030 IU/lb, 133 ± 66 IU/lb and 734 ± 395 IU/lb, respectively. The CV for reported minimums for the feeds in this survey ranged from lows of 10% for crude protein and 20% for phosphorus, to highs of 50% for vitamin E and 53% for vitamin D. The large coefficients of variation for vitamin E and vitamin D may suggest a lower level of consensus among manufacturers in regard to desirable fortification levels for these nutrients. Information from this survey may provide insight into areas where research is needed to define nutrient requirements of broodmares and growing horses.