Use Of Control Research Articles

Dietary interventions to contrast the onset and progression of diabetic nephropathy: A critical survey of new data

ABSTRACTThis article is a critical overview of recent contributions on the dietary corrections and the foods that have been claimed to delay or hinder the onset of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and its progression to end-stage renal disease. Innovative dietary and behavioral approaches to the prevention and therapy of DN appear to be the most captivating in consideration of the rather well-established protocols for glucose and blood pressure control in use. In addition to restricted caloric intake to contrast obesity and the metabolic syndrome, adjustments in the patient's macronutrients intake, and in particular some degree of reduction in protein, have been long considered in the prevention of DN progression. More recently, the focus has shifted to the source of proteins and the content of glycotoxins in the diet as well as to the role of specific micronutrients. Few clinical trials have specifically addressed the role of those micronutrients associated with diet proteins that show the most protective effect against DN. Research on clinical outcome and mechanisms of action of such micronutrients appears the most promising in order to develop both effective intervention on nutritional education of the patient and selection of functional foods capable of contrasting the onset and progression of DN.

Development of a fuzzy ammonia slip detection controller for use with HD SCR DEF dosing strategy

Development of a fuzzy ammonia slip detection controller for use with HD SCR DEF dosing strategy

Land Administration System for Sustainable Development – Case Study of Poland

AbstractThe global idea of building state Land Administration Systems was to determine the infrastructures for the implementation of land policies and land management strategies in support of sustainable development. This new paradigm in science has directed many studies towards the development of concepts for the integration of various spatial information systems in the framework of interoperable infrastructures. Each infrastructure includes institutional arrangements, a legal framework, processes, standards, land information, management and dissemination systems, and technologies required to support allocation, land markets, valuation, control of use, and development of interests in land.Many countries are in the process of developing Land Administration Systems (LAS). Databases of Land Information Systems (LIS), including cadastres, land registries, tax registries and land-use plans, are integrated to improve Land Information System functions and provide effective support for other systems and economic processes.This article analyzes the LAS construction process in Poland with particular emphasis on the functionality of the infrastructure supporting the widely understood sustainable development of land, the economy and society. The presented solution may be an important model (template) for other national infrastructures.

‘What helps to keep it under control?’: Studying the experiences of gay/bisexual men who take drugs on a controlled basis when clubbing

BackgroundControlled drug use has been described by previous researchers however few such studies explored the clubbing or gay/bisexual populations. Research into gay/bisexual men’s drug-taking fails to acknowledge the possibilities of controlled drug use. This study takes a qualitative approach to the data in an attempt to explore the phenomenon as it exists.MethodEight men who identified as gay/bisexual and took drugs on a controlled basis participated in semi-structured interviews. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to analyse the data, indicating themes emerging from the participants’ communicated experiences.ResultsAnalysis revealed a significant theme related to control and organisation, depicting how participants maintained a sense of control over their drug use and what helped this sense of control in use. Results show that not all gay/bisexual men’s drug use follows a usage-addiction pattern and that controlled drug use is possible. Participants indicated that they were able to control their drug use through an interaction of personality traits, social factors and self-knowledge.ConclusionThe research enhances the understanding of controlled drug use, especially within the gay/bisexual clubbing sub-culture. Furthermore, it clarifies strategies that could be useful for other drug-taking populations who wish to control their drug use. The cycle of and reasons for the drug-taking behaviour are possible routes for further research.

Apoptosis-inducing ability of silver(I) cyanide-phosphines useful for anti-cancer studies.

Metal-based drugs have shown early promise as anticancer agents suggesting the potential application of silver(I) complexes as apoptosis-inducing agents. The ability of a silver(I) cyanide containing phosphine complex to induce cell death was evaluated in both a malignant (SNO esophageal cancer) and non-malignant (HDF-a skin and HEK293 kidney) cell lines. A dose-dependent decrease in cell viability was observed in the SNO cells. Light microscopy revealed morphological features indicative of apoptotic cell death. The mode of cell death was confirmed as apoptosis by phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation and nuclear condensation. Furthermore, both the non-malignant cell lines showed morphological features indicative of apoptosis when exposed to complex 1. We propose the use of this silver(I) cyanide phosphine complex as an highly effective positive apoptosis control for use in anticancer studies of phosphine complexes.

Normative and legal regulation of legal responsibility for unauthorized occupation of land plot

Normative and legal regulation of legal responsibility for unauthorized occupation of land plot is considered in the article. The authors admit that unauthorized occupation of land plot is one of the most common kinds of violations of land and criminal legislation, for which the citizens and legal entities bear responsibility according to the law. In modern conditions of reforming of the current legislation active work of realization of policy for prevention of violations of the land legislation, including topical issue of unauthorized occupation of the land plot is carried out. Now the regulation of legal responsibility of unauthorized occupation of land plot demands detailed consideration. The aim of the article is the investigation of normative and legal regulation of legal responsibility for unauthorized occupation of land. An important instrument of settlement of disputes of unauthorized use of land, retrieval of legitimate rights and interests of people is a submission of recovery suits of damage from appropriate subjects of an offense. Besides, people whose rights have been violated because of an unauthorized occupation of land plot have a right to appeal to court not only for the purpose of compensation of a damaged property, as well as moral harm. According to courts, in the presence of the sufficient bases a court satisfies the claim about what the relevant decree is issued, and in case of lack of the bases a court refuses satisfaction of the claim. We can draw a conclusion that one of the most widespread violations of the land and criminal legislation is unauthorized occupation of land plots for which citizens and legal entities bear responsibility according to the law. Definition of the term of unauthorized occupation of land plots is considered in the Law of Ukraine About the state control of use and protection of lands, however investigative and court practice confirm its imperfection and need of further modification. It is necessary to adapt the specified law according to standards of the current legislation as unauthorized occupation of land plot has already become a usual aspect of people’s life.

Computerized system of planning and control of use of airspace

Considered is computerized system of planning air traffic. Presented is the list of computerized functions and problems, also technology of their processing on the computerized working stations

Issues in Definition of Public Domain in Modern Information Society

The article is devoted to determining the area of public domain and problematic issues of its application. In theory, legal regime of public domain provides modern society with a wide range of opportunities of intellectual property use, however, regulation of this regime and even its definition may differ from country to country, which creates legal uncertainty. The well-known principle idea/expression dichotomy which declares that all ideas should be free to use, may show the sphere of public domain in general,but it does not permit to determine the area of this regime precisely. In the narrow sense, public domainis a specific regime for situations where existing exclusive right to work expired or ceased to exist on any reason. In this case, we have a specific legal regulation rather than absence of legal regulation at all. This may provide a public control for use of intellectual property and, at the same time, avoid monopolization. However, practical application of the public domain regime is limited by a number offactors, in particular, limited access to the object, existence of protecting elements inside the work,specific technical conditions of its use, territorial limitation of exclusive right, etc. In order to provide effective use of the global humankind heritage, these factors should be reflected in legal documents at the international level. Unfortunately, currently there is clear shortage of international regulation ofthe public domain regime. National legislation (including the Russian one) as a rule does not provide necessary legal support either. As a result, society may not obtain proper access to results of creative activity of its members.

Design of a transverse-flux permanent-magnet linear generator and controller for use with a free-piston stirling engine

Transverse-flux with high efficiency has been applied in Stirling engine and permanent magnet synchronous linear generator system, however it is restricted for large application because of low and complex process. A novel type of cylindrical, non-overlapping, transverse-flux, and permanent-magnet linear motor(TFPLM) is investigated, furthermore, a high power factor and less process complexity structure research is developed. The impact of magnetic leakage factor on power factor is discussed, by using the Finite Element Analysis(FEA) model of stirling engine and TFPLM, an optimization method for electro-magnetic design of TFPLM is proposed based on magnetic leakage factor. The relation between power factor and structure parameter is investigated, and a structure parameter optimization method is proposed taking power factor maximum as a goal. At last, the test bench is founded, starting experimental and generating experimental are performed, and a good agreement of simulation and experimental is achieved. The power factor is improved and the process complexity is decreased. This research provides the instruction to design high-power factor permanent-magnet linear generator.

국내산 상지(桑枝)의 품질관리 연구

Objectives : Mori Ramulus is a young branch of Morus alba Linne, which has been used as traditional medicines for antidiarrhea, antibacteria, and antihypertension in Korea. With the basis on these medicinal activities, it is registered at the Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia. The standard for quality control in use, however, is not yet validated. Methods : We experiment on heavy metals test, TLC, loss on drying, ash, acid-insoluble ash, contents of ethanolsoluble extracts and contents of oxyresveratrol by using the 15 samples of Mori Ramulus which are collected domestically. We tested items according to the General Test, processes and apparatus, Crude Drugs Test of KP(2011). Results : Purity test(Heavy metals) showed contents for Pb, As, Hg, and Cd range of 0.1~1.1 ppm, 0.0~0.2 ppm, 0.00~0.01 ppm, and 0.00~0.02 ppm. Identification test(Thin layer chromatography) was on comparing with morucine standard solution in Rf value, all samples showed morucine spot (dark blue, Rf : 0.3) as same as Rf value of morucine-standard solution. Loss on drying was ranged from 5.1 to 8.9 %, ash and acid-insoluble ash were between the range 3.0~6.3% and 0.3~0.8%. Contents of ethanol-soluble extracts was ranged from 6.2 to 12.0%. Content of oxyresveratrol was ranged from 0.01 to 0.16 % based on the oxyresveratrol standard curve. Conclusions : We sincerely hope that this study will be contributed to the standardization and quality control of Korean herbal medicines. 1)

Design, Build and Remote Control of a Miniature Automated Robotic Sorting System

logic controllers (PLCs) are used in industry to monitor and regulate automated processes. While many processes may be automated, color sorting provides a single example and is used to impact the traits of a finished product. With the development of the internet, there is also increased demand and capacity for remote management of such systems. The performance of remote management is dependent on the implementation methods used. While internet control is typically designed for personal computers (PCs), there has been research done on use of mobile devices. In order to better prepare students for work in industry, education regarding current technology and processes is important. However, it is often inconvenient or impossible to visit and observe actual facilities. Given this limitation, an alternative is to create trainer sets that use or emulate key features of real industrial systems. This research describes the design, build, and validation of a trainer set using a custom demonstration module. Furthermore, the research implements internet-based remote control for use with PCs. Future work could evaluate the performance of various sets of server software with respect to remote control. Also, additional features could be incorporated such as remote programming.

Bioengineering of Tobacco Mosaic Virus to Create a Non-Infectious Positive Control for Ebola Diagnostic Assays.

The 2014 Ebola epidemic is the largest to date. There is no cure or treatment for this deadly disease; therefore there is an urgent need to develop new diagnostics to accurately detect Ebola. Current RT-PCR assays lack sensitive and reliable positive controls. To address this critical need, we devised a bio-inspired positive control for use in RT-PCR diagnostics: we encapsulated scrambled Ebola RNA sequences inside of tobacco mosaic virus to create a biomimicry that is non-infectious, but stable, and could therefore serve as a positive control in Ebola diagnostic assays. Here, we report the bioengineering and validation of this probe.

Analysis of qualitative data from the investigation study in pregnancy of the ASSIST Version 3.0 (the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test)

Objectiveto utilise qualitative data from investigation of the screening tool ASSIST Version 3.0 with pregnant women to help determine its appropriateness for this cohort, thus informing potential innovations to enhance the questionnaire׳s utility. Designpregnant women were co-administered the ASSIST Version 3.0 and three established substance use questionnaires (the T-ACE for alcohol, the Timeline FollowBack for cannabis and the Revised Fagerstrom Questionnaire for tobacco). Settingantenatal clinics and the antenatal ward of the Women׳s and Children׳s Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia. Participants104 pregnant substance-users. Measurements and findingsas well as the quantitative date (reported elsewhere), rich qualitative data documenting participants’ perspectives and experiences in antenatal care were thematically analysed. Women constantly reported friends and family urging them to stop use. Although care providers also advocated cessation or curtailment of use, this advice was reported as unpredictable, with only some providers strongly attuned to such recommendations. Some women voiced suggestions for the appropriate level of provider advice. While pregnancy was often reported as a motivator for changing substance-using behaviour, others reported continued attachment to use which was clearly linked to dependence. Those who reported successful control of use were in contrast to others who were more pragmatic, sceptical in relation to attributable harms, and disinterested in change. There were limited reports of experiences of discrimination directed to pregnant substance users. However, those instances were clearly linked with subsequent lack of honest discussions with care providers, resulting in an absence of appropriate support. Key conclusionscurrent absence of universal screening for substance use has the potential for less than optimal consequences for both mother and baby. Implications for practiceappropriate screening accompanied by honest, non-judgmental dialogue can guide the necessary interventions to achieve better outcomes. The recent development of the more concise and easier to administer ASSIST-LITE was partly informed by this investigation.

Achievable Performance Region for a Fractional-Order Proportional and Derivative Motion Controller

In recent years, design and tuning of fractional-order controllers for use in motion control have attracted much attention. This paper deals with one of the interesting methods that have been recently proposed for tuning fractional-order proportional and derivative (FOPD) motion controllers. The FOPD controller tuned based on the considered method results in simultaneously meeting the desired phase margin, the desired gain crossover frequency, and the flatness of the phase Bode plot at such a frequency. Since, in this tuning method, the derivative parameter and order are determined in a graphical way, in the first view, it is not clear for which pairs of phase margin and gain crossover frequency an FOPD controller can be found to satisfy the mentioned specifications. In this paper, necessary and sufficient conditions are presented via an analytical approach to check the solution existence of the considered tuning method in both cases of absence and presence of time delay in feedback loop. Furthermore, the uniqueness of the controller parameters obtained from the method is investigated. Moreover, some numerical and experimental examples are presented to confirm the analytical results of this paper.

Design of a novel intelligent damping controller for unified power flow controller in power system connected offshore power applications

This study proposes a unified power flow controller-based oscillation damping controller for use with a permanent magnet synchronous generator-based offshore power farm. A novel intelligent damping controller (NIDC) was used to increase the stability of power control and improves the performance, where the proposed NIDC consists of the adaptive critic network, the functional link-based Elman neural network (FLENN), the genetic ant colony optimisation algorithm (GACO) and proportional–integral-derivative (PID) linear damping controller. The PID damping controller analyses complex eigenvalues based on the theory of modern control. The node connecting weights of the FLENN and critic network are trained online. A GACO approach is developed to adjust the learning rates and thus improve the learning ability. The proposed NIDC can achieve better damping characteristics, and the internal power fluctuations can also be effectively alleviated.

Hybrid Rate—Admittance Control With Force Reflection for Safe Teleoperated Surgery

Teleoperated surgical systems have great potential to improve the performance of surgeons, and their use has spread worldwide in recent years. However, there are some issues that need to be resolved to make robotic surgery more reliable. For instance, the safety of current teleoperated surgical systems is dependent on the performance of the human operator, but human operators can sometimes commit errors. Therefore, a mechanism to ensure the safety of teleoperated surgery should be developed. This paper presents a hybrid system for rate control and admittance control for use in bilateral teleoperation. The proposed control system autonomously avoids excessive contact forces by switching between the rate control mode and the admittance control mode in a stable manner. The stability of the proposed control scheme was analyzed, and the system was found to be able to keep the contact force within an acceptable range. The performance of the proposed control scheme was verified through simulations and experiments. The results of the experiments and simulations showed that the proposed control scheme makes it possible to avoid excessive contact force in a stable manner.

THE SELECTION OF CHARACTERISTIC FRAGMENTS IN THE IMAGE OF A HUMAN FACE

The development of information technology is closelytouches on the issues of information security part, which isthe control system and access control objectives for informationand activities. Control systems and access controlfor use biometric identification by the image of a humanface. However, as practice shows, the control system andaccess control has one major drawback is the possibility ofan attacker tampering with the image of a real person hisportrait, that is, the attempt to present a portrait of a realperson, which can lead to the penetration of the attackeron the object information activities. The article discussesthe implementation of the detector of the human face inthe image to the possibilities of its implementation directlyby the controller of the camera and the selection of characteristicfragments in the software system to improve thereliability of the identification.

English

This paper proposes a unified power flow controller (UPFC)-based oscillation damping controller for use with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based offshore wave farm (OWF). A novel intelligent damping controller (NIDC) was used to increase the stability of power control and improve the performance, where the proposed NIDC consists of the adaptive critic network, the Functional Link based Elman Neural Network (FLENN), and PID linear damping controller. The UPFC is used with the NIDC to OWF, which is connected to a single-machine infinite-bus to improve system stability. The PID damping controller is analysis of complex eigenvalues based on a theory of modal control. The node connecting weights of the FLENN and critic network are trained online. The proposed NIDC can be used to achieve better damping characteristics. The internal power fluctuations in the power system can also be effectively alleviated under variable wind power generation

Stimulant: a correlate of brain fag syndrome among undergraduate students in a Nigerian university?

Brain fag syndrome (BFS) is a culture-bound syndrome that occurs commonly among African people involve in intellectual activities like students. The features include intellectual (cognitive) impairment, somatic symptoms, disturbances of affect, and sleepiness. The Psychophysiological Theory identifies the use of stimulants as an etiological basis for the development of BFS; however, few researchers have linked BFS with stimulants use. This study was to determine the prevalence of BFS, investigate whether there was an association between the use of stimulants and BFS and to find out sociodemographic factors that may be associated with BFS. University campus, a cross-sectional study with undergraduate students as respondents. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 500 students, who completed questionnaires consisting socio-demographic characteristics, BFS scale (BFSS), and the stimulant use section of the World Health Organization Questionnaire for Student Drug Use Survey; while observing standard ethical conditions. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used, employing Chi-square and frequency distribution. The prevalence of BFS was 42.9%. There was a significant association between stimulant use and BFS; thus giving credence to the Psychophysiological Theory of causation of BFS by Morakinyo. No sociodemographic variable was found to be associated with BFS. The control of use of stimulants is at the crux of the prevention of BFS.

Reference gene selection for qPCR is dependent on cell type rather than treatment in colonic and vaginal human epithelial cell lines.

The ability of commensal bacteria to influence gene expression in host cells under the influence of pathogenic bacteria has previously been demonstrated, however the extent of this interaction is important for understanding how bacteria can be used as probiotics. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction is the most sensitive tool for evaluating relative changes to gene expression levels. However as a result of its sensitivity an appropriate method of normalisation should be used to account for any variation incurred in preparatory experimental procedures. These variations may result from differences in the amount of starting material, quality of extracted RNA, or in the efficiency of the reverse transcriptase or polymerase enzymes. Selection of an endogenous control gene is the preferred method of normalisation, and ideally a proper validation of the gene's appropriateness for the study in question should be performed. In this study we used quantitative polymerase chain reaction data and applied four different algorithms (geNorm, BestKeeper, NormFinder, and comparative ΔCq) to evaluate eleven different genes as to their suitability as endogenous controls for use in studies involving colonic (HT-29) and vaginal (VK2/E6E7) human mucosal epithelial cells treated with probiotic and pathogenic bacteria. We found phosphoglycerate kinase 1 to be most appropriate for HT-29 cells, and ribosomal protein large P0 to be the best choice for VK2/E6E7 cells. We also showed that use of less stable reference genes can lead to less accurate quantification of expression levels of gene of interest (GOI) and also can result in decreased statistical significance for GOI expression levels when compared to control. Additionally, we found the cell type being analysed had greater influence on reference gene selection than the treatment performed. This study provides recommendations for stable endogenous control genes for use in further studies involving colonic and vaginal cell lines after bacterial challenge.