Quality Control Of Raw Materials Research Articles

Evaluation of biological properties and phytochemical profile of Vitex trifolia L. extract and its infused oil as a value-added product for health promotion

Vitex trifolia L., a shrub plant, has long been used as a massage oil to treat a variety of ailments, particularly pain relief. Despite its long history of use, there has not been enough research done on its phytochemical profile and biological properties to validate its traditional use. Therefore, this current research aimed to evaluate its phytochemical profile and biological properties in two forms: Vitex trifolia L. ethanolic extract (VTE) and Vitex trifolia L. oil (VTO), which could be advantageous for clinical usage. Quality control of raw plant material, total phenolic, total flavonoid, and casticin of VTE and VTO were investigated. Furthermore, the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities and cytotoxicity of VTE and VTO were evaluated. The study indicated that VTE contained more total phenolics (66.74±15.52 mg GAE/g), total flavonoids (29.68±2.05 mg CE/g extract), and casticin (2.45±0.02 mg/mL) than VTO. VTE consistently demonstrated stronger antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties than VTO. Taken together, VTE possessed remarkable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities with no cytotoxic effects on cells. Even VTO had weak biological abilities. However, its stability testing revealed that the modestly accepted adjustments remained stable. Therefore, this study suggests that Vitex trifolia L. could be used as a natural product for health promotion and therapy.

TEST RESULTS OF DOMESTIC RECUPERATIVE COALS

Adsorption steam recovery plants (VRS) of oil and petroleum products are among the most common in the world. This is facilitated by their relatively high throughput, low energy consumption, and a sufficiently high achievable degree of purification of the gas-air mixture (GAM) from hydrocarbons. The main consumable material in this case is an adsorbent – a substance capable of first selectively attaching hydrocarbon gases contained in hot water to its surface, and when thermodynamic conditions change, it detaches them. Most often, recuperative (activated) coal is used as an adsorbent. During operation, the adsorption capacity of recuperative coal gradually decreases. This is facilitated by the mechanical destruction heavy hydrocarbons contained in the hot water, which cannot be fully isolated during the desorption operation. Therefore, periodically recuperative coal requires replacement.Until recently, it was purchased abroad. Usually, recuperative coal was supplied complete with the recuperation units themselves, supplied from abroad. However, to date, adsorption VRS have begun to be produced in Russia. In addition, the endless sanctions of the West are forcing us to look for sources of supply of this adsorbent inside the country.The article presents the results of comparative laboratory tests of a number of recuperative coals for use in the adsorption of hydrocarbons from hot water. According to the of coal granules, as well as water vapor and value of the integral efficiency indicator, the best of them was the Sorber-30 brand coal. In addition, the enterprise at which it is produced has the necessary production facilities, human resources, capabilities for conducting input quality control of raw materials and the quality of finished products, and also supplies recuperative coal to consumers in sufficiently large volumes, i.e. is a reliable supplier.The article also describes the results of comparative industrial tests of the recovery coal «Sorber-30» and imported coal of the brand «CGF4 plus», operated in the adsorption VRSin LLC «Transneft – Port Kozmino» since 2014.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ПОЛИМЕРНЫХ ТРУБ МЕТОДОМ ЭКСТРУЗИИ

The features of the production of polymer pipes by extrusion are considered. The need for quality control of raw materials, as well as technological parameters at all stages of the process, has been identified

РАЗВИТИЕ ПИЩЕВЫХ ПРОИЗВОДСТВ В АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОМ СЕКТОРЕ ЭКОНОМИКИ ПЕРМСКОГО КРАЯ

The scientific article contains a theoretical analysis of development problems and a review of scientific literature on increasing the efficiency of food production in the agricultural sector of the economy, shows the importance of quality control of raw materials for the production of semi-finished products on the food market, pays special attention to the recipe in accordance with the requirements of modern dietetics, and takes into account factors that increase efficiency, trends in the development of the market for semi-finished products in the Russian Federation are indicated. The reasons for the demand for semi-finished products are revealed, and the seasonality of their production is noted. The production volume of dumplings per year, per shift, per hour is calculated. A method for determining the market share of semi-finished products and a method for determining the cost of minced meat ingredients and dough for preparing dumplings are shown. The calculation of the cost of packaging dumplings, taking into account the sticker and clip, is presented. It has been determined that the share of dumplings produced in 0.5 kilogram packages is 40 percent, and the share of dumplings produced in one kilogram package is 60 percent. Contains a calculation of the cost of one kilogram of dumplings and the cost structure. It was revealed that in the structure of costs for the production of dumplings, the largest share is occupied by the cost of minced meat, and the smallest share is the cost of electricity. The financial result of the sale of dumplings was calculated and the profit from the sale of dumplings was indicated. The level of profitability indicates that for every ruble invested in the production and sale of dumplings in one kilogram packaging there is thirty-seven kopecks of profit, and in the production and sale of dumplings in 0.5 kilogram packaging - forty-seven kopecks.

ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS PRODUK MIE DENGAN METODE STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL

CV Manunggal Jaya is a company engaged in food production in Bandung. The company, which produces noodles experiences product defects that exceed the company's tolerance limit. The purpose of this study is to determine quality control, factors that cause product defects, and the application of the Statistical Process Control (SPC) method. This research method is a descriptive quantitative method with data collection using interviews, observation and documentation. Data processing is done using tools such as flowchart, fishbone diagram, check sheet, histogram, control chart (p-chart) and pareto diagram. Based on the research results that there are 3 (three) quality controls, namely: Quality control of raw materials, production processes, finished products. Product defects are caused by human factors, raw materials, machines, and methods. There are three types of defects that occur at CV Manunggal Jaya Bandung, namely size defects, texture defects and dirty dough. Based on the results of the control chart (p-chart), it is known that the CL is 0.0081, UCL is 0.00961, LCL is 0.00668. The results of the analysis using the Pareto diagram tool state that the priority of improvements that must be made by the company is on texture defects.

Quantitative analysis of rutin in flavonoid-rich plant raw material by HPTLC

Introduction. Due to the increasing requirements for the quality of pharmaceutical products, the requirements for standardization of herbal medicines are also growing, which in turn necessitates the development of approaches to quality control of medicinal plant raw materials. The use of such an advanced method as high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) will improve the quality of drug standardization, which is associated with the advantages of this method: minimized sample preparation, parallel determination of small volumes, elution time, high sensitivity, efficiency and speed. Objective. Quantitative determination of rutin by high-performance thin-layer chromatography, as well as comparison of the results of quantitative determination of the amount of flavonoids in terms of rutin by the spectrophotometric method. Material and methods. Medicinal plant raw materials – violet herb – were subjected to extraction using a developed method with 70 and 96% ethanol. Quantitative determination of rutin in extracts was carried out by HPTLC and spectrophotometry. Results. The developed method for the quantitative determination of rutin was validated in terms of linearity, specificity and accuracy. The difference in the extractive ability of the solvents used was shown. The percentage of rutin determined using the HPTLC method in an ethanol (96%) extract (3 µl) is 3.0826%, in an ethanol (70%) extract (3 µl) – 1.5911%. The percentage of rutin determined using the HPTLC method in an ethanol (96%) extract (5 µl) is 3.0894%, in an ethanol (70%) extract (5 µl) – 1.6064%. The percentage of total flavonoids in terms of rutin determined using the spectrophotometric method in the ethanol (96%) extract is 3.4289%, in the ethanol (70%) extract – 2.4176%. Conclusion. As a result of the study, a method for the quantitative determination of rutin was developed and validated, which can be used in the standardization of violet herb.

Anatomy and Histochemistry of Alliaceae and Iridaceae Species: Quality Control of Traditional Medicine Raw Materials

Alliaceae (Allium cepa and Allium ascalonicum) and Iridaceae (Eleutherine bulbosa) are widely used as spices, condiments, and traditional medicine. These three species are vulnerable to adulteration because they are morphologically similar in shape and colour. This study aims to identify and authenticate the three samples through anatomical and histochemical approaches. Anatomical and histochemical analyses were performed on fresh sections of the bulbs samples according to standard anatomical procedures with a razor blade and identification of the main compound groups using specific reagents. Anatomically, the three samples had similar patterns and cell organelles (cell nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell wall). Histochemical techniques identified the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, lipophilics, and terpenoids groups. Histochemical techniques can be applied in identifying the compound groups of the three samples and can be used as an alternative in testing the quality control of traditional medicine raw materials.

Prospects for the use of layer-by-layer technology for the development of an enzyme biosensor used for milk quality control

This article presents the results of scientific research on the development of a biosensor system for the determination of salts of heavy metals (cadmium and lead) in milk. When developing a biosensor system, much attention is paid to the selection of biological material and the method of their stabilization using physical and chemical forces, namely, immobilization. In this regard, studies were carried out on the selection of the enzyme and the method of its immobilization in the development of a biosensor for the detection of salts of heavy metals in milk. The development of a biosensor for the determination of toxic elements in food products is of scientific and practical importance. In world practice, special attention is paid to the contamination of raw materials and food products with toxic chemicals, mainly of anthropogenic origin, which are persistent organic pollutants. Therefore, quality control of raw materials, food products is important for consumers, and, accordingly, for the food industry. Experimental studies are based on the methods of Filippova A. M., Vorobieva O. V. to determine the specific activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Determination of the activity of the catalase enzyme was carried out in accordance with the gasometric method according to the method of Warburg. As a result of experimental studies, the catalase enzyme as a biological material was chosen as a sensitive element. As a carrier for the immobilization of enzymes, a 5-bilayer combination of "chitosan-sodium alginate" was selected. The layer-by-layer technology was used to immobilize the enzyme on the substrate surface when creating an enzyme biosensor. The results of the research are recommended to be applied in the study of food safety issues and in the assessment of safety indicators of raw materials and food products by the express method.

Penerapan Sistem Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) Pada Proses Pembekuan Ikan Layur DI CV. Sinar Harapan Berau

The freezing industry requires a basic eligibility program to provide guarantees for a food safety system. The application of GMP or Good Manufacturing Practices in the food industry is a requirement to produce products that are safe for consumption. The aim of the study was to examine the application of GMP in freezing layur fish at CV. Sinar Harapan Berau and identify non-compliance factors in the implementation of GMP. The results showed that the application of GMP in CV. Sinar Harapan Berau has largely complied with the CPPOB guideline requirements. Based on the analysis of non-conformity, there are 14 aspects that are suitable and 4 aspects that are not suitable with the percentages of 77.8% and 22.2%, respectively. Several factors cause non-compliance with GMP, namely puddles of water on the road leading to the production site, the road has not been cemented, and without laying stones. There are no washing facilities in the toilet area, there is still rust on the tables and pans in the production area. CV. Sinar Harapan also does not yet have laboratory facilities for quality control and safety of raw materials, but only inspects organoleptically.

Estimating the rejection risk of Indonesian shrimp exports from Salmonella spp. contamination using the food safety objective approach

Contamination by non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. in aquacultured shrimp poses a risk for human health. In Indonesia, the presence of the pathogen in shrimp raises a major concern for international trade because shrimp is one of the important exported fishery commodities. The aim of this study was to use food safety objective approach in combination with a quantitative microbiological risk assessment to determine the contamination of Salmonella spp. in raw materials, to estimate the risk of export rejection and to identify the contributing factors of export rejections. The prevalence and concentration of Salmonella spp. in shrimp based on real-time polymerase chain reaction of 7.02% and 0.72–1.46 log CFU/gr (mean: 1.00 ± 0.28 log CFU/g), respectively, were used to develop an exposure model. The exposure model was used to estimate the level of Salmonella spp. in frozen shrimp at the border of an export destination country, which was ca. −6.02 to −2.07 (mean −3.73 ± 0.73) log CFU/g. The value was compared to the food safety objective value determined from the required microbiological criterion of Salmonella spp. of n = 30, c = 0, and m = negative/25 g. As a result, the risk estimate for rejection was 27 rejections per 100,000 exports. The Salmonella spp. contamination level in raw materials and freezing technology were the primary factors contributing to the rejections. Moreover, maintaining the quality control of raw materials purchased or controlled quick freezing may be the mitigation formulae of export rejection of frozen shrimp due to Salmonella spp.

THE DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF HPLC AND HPTLC-DENSITOMETRY METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF 1, 4-NAPHTHOQUINONE CONTENT IN ELEUTHERINE BULBOSA EXTRACT

Objective: The aim of this research was to develop and validate identification and Quantitation methods for 1,4-naphthoquinone in the extract of Eleutherine bulbosa. Methods: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography with densitometric detection (HPTLC-densitometry) were employed as analytical techniques. HPTLC-densitometry was performed at a wavelength of 249 nm, while UHPLC was conducted at a wavelength of 254 nm. Both methods were utilized to analyze 1,4-naphthoquinone in 96% ethanol extract of E. bulbosa as a Quantitation parameter in the standardization of the formulation. HPTLC separation was carried out on a 20 cm × 20 cm HPTLC glass plate coated with silica gel 60 F254 using a mobile phase of chloroform: methanol (8:2, v/v). For HPLC analysis, a C18 column with an isocratic method was employed using a mobile phase of 95% methanol in pump A and 0.5% chloroform in pump B. The calibration curve of peak area against concentration showed linearity within the range of 2500-15000 ppm/spot−1 and 3–21 μg/ml for HPTLC and HPLC, respectively. Both methods were validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, selectivity, LOD, and LOQ. Results: The results showed that both methods exhibited linearity that met the standards, as they produced correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.9900. Furthermore, both methods demonstrated good accuracy, with consecutive recovery values of 99.53% and 101.89%. On the other hand, the methods fulfilled the precision requirements, with respective values of 0.7159% and 2.884% (in compliance with the requirement of<5%). Additionally, to meet the LOD and LOQ requirements in HPTLC, the LOD value obtained was 163 ppm, and the LOQ value was 495 ppm. In HPLC, the retention time of the standard 1,4-naphthoquinone and the analyte compound in the extract of E. bulbosa were the same, at 3.507 min. The selectivity test on HPTLC indicated that the 1,4-naphthoquinone compound was at an RF value of 0.81, which was also detected in the extract of E. bulbosa at the same RF value. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that HPLC and HPTLC methods for the determination of 1,4-naphthoquinone content have met the standards for linearity, accuracy, precision, selectivity, LOD, and LOQ. Therefore, these methods can be recommended for the quality control of raw materials of E. bulbosa extract.

HPTLC Method Development of Herbal drugs and its Validation: An Overview

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) is the most potent and sophisticated type of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). It uses chromatographic layers with the highest levels of separation, efficiency and employs high-tech equipment for every step of the process, including accurate sample application, standardised reproducible chromatogram development, and software-controlled evaluation. HPTLC is a concept that incorporates both the use of established methodologies for qualitative and quantitative analysis and a widely standardised methodology founded on scientific facts. The resolution can be increased and more exact quantitative measurements, which satisfies all quality standards for today's analytical needs. Development of an analytical technique based on HPTLC and parameter validation in line with practical assessment. It complies with standards while reducing mistakes and inquiries. Quality Control and Quality Assurance of raw materials of Plant Origin can easily and effectively be done qualitative characterization and quantitative determination of mixtures of substances, Chemical Fingerprinting by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. This review article provides fundamental principles, guidance for proper validation practise, aids in selecting the best mobile phase, and clarifies the processes of the analytical process., protocol, separation, resolution, validation process, current advancements, changes made to TLC that led to HPTLC, optimization, process control, automation, and hyphenation.

Methodical support for controlling safety of cereals for children (exemplified by furan and methylfuran)

Introduction. The study addresses issues related to developing a procedure for identification of chemicals in food products in practical instrumental investigations. We have validated the method for quantification of a heterocyclic compound (furan) and sylvan (methylfuran) in grain-based cereals for children.
 The aim of this study was to develop a precise GC-MS-method for quantifying a heterocyclic compound and sylvan in food products to control their safety for children, especially infants.
 Materials and methods. The research objects were quantification means (QM) as a certain amount of an analyzed heterocyclic compound and sylvan (the mass share of the analyzed compound is 99%) provided by Sigma Aldrich Corporation (USA), as well as milk and milk-free dry cereals for babies. The study involved using an Agilent 7890А gas chromatographer with 5975С quadrupole mass-spectrometric detector. Sample preparation involved extraction and concentration of furan and methylfuran from food samples by statistical vapour-liquid equilibrium analysis and subsequent gas-chromatographic analysis of vapour phase.
 Results. The procedure for quantification of furan and methylfuran is an original scientific and technical development based on experimental data. It gives an opportunity to identify furan and methylfuran micro-admixtures in food samples with high precision and sensitivity with a range of concentrations between 0.93 and 9.37 ng and between 0.91 and 9.13 ng accordingly. The ultimate indicators describing acceptability of the results obtained by furan and methylfuran quantification included error not higher than 24%, пintra-laboratory precision (σRл ) not higher than 10%, correctness (± σCл ) not higher than 22%.
 Conclusion. The developed technique has shown high selectivity, sensitivity, reliability and satisfactory accuracy. The methodology meets the criteria of the State Standard of the Russian Federation GOST R ISO 5725-1-6-2002 and can be used for laboratory studies of food safety by enterprises and institutions engaged in quality control and research of food products and food raw materials.

3D Printing windows and rheological properties for normal maize starch/sodium alginate composite gels

Starch composite gels can be used for three-dimensional (3D) printing aiming at producing food products with a designed shape. Sodium alginate (SA), as a common thickener, is used for the fabrication of starch composite gels in 3D printing protocols. However, the printing windows and mechanism of 3D printing of starch and SA composition gel remain unclear. The geometric accuracy, rheological properties, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate starch composite gels and their products to get the structure-properties-printing ability and accuracy. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were employed to simulate the 3D printing process. The results showed that SA was capable of improving the 3D printing feasibility of the starch gels. However, the successful printing zone was limited by the 3D printing windows which prepared for the normal maize starch (NMS)/SA composite gels. SAXS data demonstrated that a smaller mesh size contributed to the higher storage modulus (G'). Principle component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis showed that the geometric accuracy was closely related to the rheological property of the composite gel. The CFD model explained an unevenness of the velocity distribution in the flow channel due to variations in the diameter of the extruded material, which caused an extrusion expansion effect during the 3D printing process. This study provided a theoretical basis for the standardization and quality control of raw materials for starch-based 3D printing.

Smartphone-based electrochemical sensor for cost-effective, rapid and on site detection of chlorogenic acid in herbs using biomass-derived hierarchically porous carbon synthesized by a soft-hard dual template method

To achieve excellent germplasm resource screening and ensure the quality control of herbal tea raw material, it is important to establish a cost-effective, rapid, and on site quantitative detection method for their bioactive constituents. We developed a smartphone-operated sensor for electrochemical detection of chlorogenic acid (CGA) using hierarchically porous carbon (DSiFPC), synthesized through a soft-hard dual template strategy with tannin acid as a carbon source, silica colloid as a hard template, and Pluronic F127 as a soft template. The DSiFPC modified glassy carbon electrode sensor showed excellent electrocatalytic ability towards CGA, with a wide linear range of 0.03–1 μM and a low limit of detection of 6.2 nM. It was successfully applied for detecting CGA in dried flowers of Lonicera japonica. Furthermore, a portable sensor utilizing a DSiFPC modified screen-printed electrode was employed for on site detection of CGA in fresh Eucommia ulmoides leaves, yielding satisfactory recoveries.

Thin Layer Chromatography Fingerprint Analysis of Tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis L.)

Thin layer chromatography (TLC) fingerprint profile analysis can be used for quality control of herbal medicinal raw materials through identification, authentication, and discrimination. This study aims to develop a fingerprint analysis method for tempuyung TLC (Sonchus arvensis L.), which is then used for quality control. Tempuyung was extracted with methanol using ultrasonication which was then analyzed using the developed fingerprint TLC method. The optimum mobile phase used to separate compounds from tempuyung was a composition of chloroform: ethyl acetate: dichloromethane: formic acid (7.5:2:0.5:0.1) and produced eleven bands. The mobile phase composition produced good separation and had a typical luteolin band with an Rf value of 0.22, detected under UV 366 nm and derivatized with 10% sulfuric acid reagent. This method was applied to tempuyung from three locations, including Malang, Solo, and Yogyakarta, whose fingerprint patterns did not differ significantly. The fingerprint method has been validated and met the acceptance requirements for quality control of tempuyung.

Controlled germination of grain crops is an effective way to processing low-quality raw materials

Relevance. The development of technologies of cereal crops germination and obtaining of raw ingredients with increased antioxidant properties, containing in their composition biologically active substances of natural origin, will allow to form a modern domestic market of useful food products to maintain the health of the country in the long term. One such approach could be controlled germination of grain crops by ultrasonic treatment during the soaking stage. This technology will maximise the yield of finished products per unit of processed raw material, process low-quality raw materials and create products with increased nutritional value.Methods. The objects of the study were three samples of grain crops: wheat, barley, oats. At the initial stage, incoming quality control of raw materials and their disinfection by physical method of exposure were carried out. For experimental samples of cereal crops at the stage of soaking the impact of ultrasound (22 ± 1.25 kHz) 245 W/l for 5 min, then the grain was soaked for 8 hours (wheat grain) and 12 hours (barley and oats grain), the process of germination was carried out until reaching the sprout size 1.5–2 mm in more than 90% of grains. All operations with control samples were performed in the same sequence, excluding the process of ultrasound exposure. The total content of flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds was determined in all tested samples using spectrophotometric method, total antioxidant activity using DPPH-method, and γ-aminobutyric acid content using automated liquid chromatography system.Results. The studies showed that all germinated samples of cereal crops are characterized by sufficiently high values of flavonoid and polyphenolic compounds. At the same time, the samples obtained by ultrasound exposure showed an increase in the content of flavonoids by an average of 7.3–8.9 times, polyphenols by 2–5.6 times. In the process of intensified controlled germination, the total antioxidant activity increased by 31.6–40.0%, relative to the control samples of grain crops. The increase in GABA content in samples after ultrasound exposure averaged 360–490%. The results confirmed the possibility and feasibility of using the proposed technology of controlled germination in obtaining raw ingredients from germinated cereal crops. The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation Grant 23-26-00290.

Differentiation of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. from Hydrocotyle umbellata L. using the trnH-psbA region, species-specific bands and anisocytic stomata as markers for quality control of raw materials and their products

Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. has been confused with Hydrocotyle umbellata L. in Thailand. The plants grow in the same habitat and look alike, making H. umbellata a potential adulterant species for C. asiatica. This study aimed to (i) establish reference markers of authentic C. asiatica and H. umbellata using DNA barcoding, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and microscopic methods and (ii) determine whether H. umbellata adulterants are present in C. asiatica products in Thailand. Ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL), maturase K (matK), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and chloroplast intergenic spacer (trnH-psbA) were identified as core DNA barcode regions that can be used to differentiate C. asiatica and H. umbellata. The trnH-psbA region showed the highest nucleotide variation between C. asiatica and H. umbellata and had distinct amplicon sizes of approximately 506 and 398 bp, respectively. TLC analysis revealed three distinct bands at Rf 0.20, 0.30 and 0.32 that could be used to differentiate C. asiatica and H. umbellata. Anisocytic stomata were present only in C. asiatica and were purposed as a microscopic marker. The trnH-psbA amplicon, TLC species-specific markers and anisocytic stomata were utilized to examine six Bua Bok products traded in Thailand. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed PCR amplicons at approximately 500 bp, TLC showed species-specific bands at Rf 0.20, 0.30 and 0.32, and anisocytic stomata were found in all products, confirming that all tested products were C. asiatica. These markers will benefit the herbal industry and other end users by allowing the detection of the adulterant species H. umbellata in C. asiatica raw materials and products.

Pengendalian Mutu Selai Kecombrang Melalui Perbaikan Pengolahan Pada Koperasi Perempuan Pelestari Hutan (KPPH) di Rejang Lebong

Target community of this activity was forest conservative women who produced various food products including jam, syrup, “dodol” cake, and sticks whose qualities needed to be improved. It was observed that the “kecombrang” jam and syrup brought up different colors for each production run. The unpleasant taste was identified in the dodol cake. The jackfruit stick lacked crunchiness which might be due to improper drying. The objective of this community service activity was a technology transfer consisting of three topics: (1) Quality control in material handling to avoid browning of raw material (2) Quality control of food processing to improve the quality of resulting products, and (3) Introduction of food drying utilizing a YSD-UNIB12 solar dryer. The activity included: meeting coordination and material preparation, counseling, and interactive dialogue. The result indicated that 70% mastered the delivery topics and 30% understood some parts of them. Participants were very enthusiastic in participating in the counseling conducted by the team.

Evaluation of grass pollen quality control for allergy test kit production using pollen morphological characters

Grass pollen is one of the leading causes of allergies in throughout the world. The symptom level depends on the personal immunity. Pollen allergy test kits are suitable for detecting allergic symptoms, which they are produced from pure pollen of specific species. The production of pollen allergy testing kits requires accurate botanical standards and identification for the process of quality control of raw materials basing on Thai Food and drug ministration (Thai FDA). To produce allergy test kit, we focused on the pollen of these 6 common grass species and also use pollen morphological characters for detection and identification. Therefore, this study focused on the method for qualification control and standardization for prototype product of grass pollen allergy testing kit. Six common grass species as Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B.K.Simon & S.W.L. Jacobs, Oryza sativa L., Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Urochloa eminii (Mez) Davidse, Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) T.Q.Nguyen and Zea mays L.). The criteria were: 1) common in Thailand and Southeast Asia; 2) high density in the atmosphere; and 3) severity of the allergic reaction. The modified acetolysis were applied for samples preparation. The pollen morphological (polar and equatorial axes, exine, porus, annulus and ornamentation) were observed and measurement under light and scanning electron microscope. The character matrix was analyzed based on a regression tree and Tukey’s HSD test to assess support for the different pollen morphological characters. The distinguished character is ornamentation. The results were successfully described the pollen species and showed that the pollen morphologies were useful for contaminated detection. In addition, this method was suitable applied for qualification control of the raw materials for grass pollen allergy testing kits production.