Pump Control Research Articles

Health assessment of an electro-hydraulic servo pump control system for servomotor based on LGA deep neural network

Due to its advantages of having a high power-to-weight ratio and being energy-efficient, the electro-hydraulic servo pump control system (abbreviated as EHSPCS) is frequently employed in the industrial field, such as the electro-hydraulic servo pump control (EHSPC) servomotor for steam turbine valve regulation control. However, the EHSPCS has strong nonlinearity and time-varying features, and the factors that cause system performance degradation are complex. Once a system failure occurs, it may lead to serious accidents, causing serious casualties and economic losses. To address the above issues, a system health assessment method based on LSTM-GRNN-ANN (LGA) deep neural network is proposed in this paper. Firstly, with oil volume gas content, servo motor air-gap flux density, and system leakage coefficient as the health assessment performance indicators, a health assessment performance index system for the EHSPCS is built, Furthermore, the system performance index threshold is set. Secondly, an LGA deep neural network is constructed by combining LSTM, GRNN and ANN, and a deep neural network based on the LGA is used to create an EHSPCS health assessment model. Subsequently, system feature parameter extraction, algorithm design, and parameter debugging are carried out. Finally, an EHSPCS experimental platform is established, typical system failure simulation experiments are designed, and comparative experimental analysis is conducted. The experimental findings demonstrate that the average accuracy of the system health assessment model based on the LGA deep neural network suggested in this paper is 96.37%, compared to 89.84%, 87.99% for LSTM and GRNN, which validates the accuracy of the system health assessment model based on the LGA deep neural network.

Research on AGC Nonlinear Compensation Control for Electro-Hydraulic Servo Pump Control of a Lithium Battery Pole Strip Mill

Electrode roll forming involves rolling a battery electrode into a preset thickness using a hydraulic roll gap thickness automatic control system (hydraulic AGC for short). The pump-controlled AGC is a highly nonlinear servo system, which is a combination of mechanical, hydraulic and electronic control disciplines; thus, as a new technology, it still faces many challenges in the field of pole plate rolling. In this paper, electro-hydraulic servo pump-controlled AGC technology is replaced by electro-hydraulic servo valve-controlled AGC technology. With pump-controlled AGC high-precision thickness control as the research objective, the fuzzy control method is selected to deal with complex nonlinear systems based on pump-controlled AGC nonlinear stiffness characteristics and nonlinear transmission characteristics. A characteristic compensation control strategy is proposed. At the same time, considering the load fluctuation caused by the uneven thickness of the electrode plate under the intermittent coating rolling condition of a lithium battery, the fuzzy internal model (IMC) compensation control strategy was proposed to compensate the structural characteristics of the electrode plate rolling. Comparative experiments show that the position control accuracy of the pump-controlled AGC system can be improved significantly by using a fuzzy IMC compensation control strategy. The steady-state accuracy of the slope signal can reach ±0.7 μm, and the position-following accuracy of the sinusoidal signal can reach ±1.8 μm. In addition, this study will assist technological upgrades to lithium battery electrode roll forming and fixed-roll-gap rolling, laying a theoretical foundation for the promotion of pump control technology in the field of electrode rolling.

An experimental investigation of vapor compression refrigeration cooling and energy performance for CPU thermal management

This case study experimentally investigates a R134a charged Vapor Compression Refrigeration (VCR) assisted liquid cooling of high-powered CPUs. In this hybrid system, water-based liquid cooling of the CPU is achieved in a pumped loop with a commercial cold plate affixed to the simulated CPU. The heat is then transferred to the evaporator heat exchanger of a miniature VCR system that rejects the energy to ambient air. Tests are performed at room temperature over a range of operating conditions, including CPU heat loads (12 W/cm2 - 75 W/cm2), liquid volumetric flow rates (0.5 Litre/min - 8 Litre/min), fan air speeds (2.1 m/s – 4.2 m/s), and compressor speeds (2540 rpm–6500 rpm). Both cooling performance and additional energy consumption implications are considered. Overall, it is shown that the miniature hybrid VCR system can cool the primary liquid to below ambient temperature, even at the highest tested heat load. As a result, cooling levels that far exceed both a conventional Fan-Fin Air Cooled heat exchanger and a Hybrid Liquid-Air Cooled system are achieved. Finally, optimal combinations of liquid flow rate and compressor speed are identified for minimum energy consumption of the cooling system to maintain a setpoint CPU die temperature. It is shown that management and control of pump, compressor and fan speeds can result in significant improvement in the overall system Coefficient of Performance (COP).

Designing a Model Predictive Controller for Displacement Control of Axial Piston Pump

Variable displacement hydraulic pumps are widely used for energy efficiency, and they often have a mechanical feedback mechanism to ensure target tracking control performance and stability of tilt angle control. Furthermore, there are many examples which add electronic control to realize higher tracking control performance. However, in such cases, the control performance is significantly affected by the dynamic characteristics of the mechanical feedback mechanism, and this problem prevent its widespread use. Additionally, tilt angle control is susceptible to changes in dynamic characteristics and load pressure depending on the operating point, and there are constraints on the tilt angle. Hence, high control performance cannot be obtained without considering these nonlinearities. In this study, the variable displacement pump without mechanical feedback mechanism is focused on, and the objective of this study is to design a displacement control system for a hydraulic pump based on a model predictive control (MPC) that can consider various constraints on the design step. An adaptive system, which handles changes in dynamic characteristics and the effects of load pressure, is introduced. Additionally, the control performance of adaptive MPC is compared to adaptive model matching-based MPC with inverse optimization that can optimally design the weight matrices of the evaluation function without trial and error. Furthermore, in order to improve the transient response, a variable control input constraints are added in these two control systems. Experimental results of control performance have shown that the proposed method achieved a high tracking performance and short settling time, which confirmed the effectiveness of the variable control input constraints.

MODELING OF AN AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM FOR SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS IN DRAINAGE WELLS IN THE MATLAB SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT

The accumulation of moisture due to summer showers or due to sudden melting of snow can lead to deformation of the foundation of buildings, the appearance of cracks and deflections on it, as well as the release of harmful substances into the environment. Drainage systems, especially in urban infrastructure, play an important role in effectively treating wastewater and maintaining groundwater levels at safe levels. Automatic control of submersible pumps in such systems is critical to optimizing the drainage process and minimizing flood risks. This article develops a model of an automatic control system for submersible pumps in drainage wells, which includes components such as a drainage well, a drainage pipeline valve actuator, a pump and a level sensor. The model was created in the MatLab software environment using the Simulink application package, which made it possible to simulate and analyze the process of water entering a water collection well and its pumping out using a pump, as well as to study in detail how individual blocks of the system react to incoming water. The results of this work can be useful for engineers and designers working in the field of hydraulic engineering. They can use the model to optimize control systems and to predict and analyze the performance of drainage systems.

Software Complex for Sensorless Control of an Electrical Submersible Pump

Software Complex for Sensorless Control of an Electrical Submersible Pump

Situation and Ordering based Control of Drainage of a Group of Polders

A polder-boezem system consists of a (large) number of polders that pump their drainage water into a network of watercourses and lakes. A few large pump stations then pump the drainage water into rivers or the sea. In some cases a sluice gate is used when water levels allow it. A receding horizon control algorithm for a polder-boezem system is presented where the selection of the control action is based on a prescribed order of use for the different states of available pumps and sluices. It is an extension of an earlier algorithm that operated boezem pump stations only. A further extension is proposed that will allow inclusion of the control of polder pumps. Arguments are presented to support the claim that, from the point of view of transparency, this algorithm is better suited to the control of polder-boezem systems than receding horizon control with a traditional objective function.

Short-Term Control of Heat Pumps to Support Power Grid Operation

Short-Term Control of Heat Pumps to Support Power Grid Operation

Intelligent System for the Classification of Arterial Blood Pressure Waveform Abnormalities Due to Mistiming in Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump

Cardiovascular diseases detection or diagnosis on appropriate time is crucial to avoid health complications. In this study, an advanced procedure for classifying changes in the blood pressure has been used analyzing the wave-forms inside the arterial system where such variation can occur due to improper timing in intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) control. Inaccurate pressure extends with probable injury can be caused by improper timing in the heart valve in both pumping and compression of the balloon. This investigation focuses on accurately recognizing and classifying any irregularities in the artery wave-forms in IABP in the blood pressure initiated by mistiming. Accumulated blood pressure records are used for the progression of providing information to IABP trainer. The wave-forms require pre-handling employing image digitizing software to acquire automated identifications. Any undesirable image features have been removed using Wavelet in MATLAB software. Afterward, such features can be employed to develop a technique for arrangement depending on neural networks. The artificial neural network technique has used marked data to properly detect irregularities in wave-forms in vascular blood pressure due to improper IABP timing. As a result, the validation has proved to appropriately recognize and classify such anomalies, denoting a considerable prospect to improve patient protection with an efficacy of treatment in the area of cardiovascular prescription.

Assessment of the Operation of the Pump Control System Using the PID Controller

The purpose of this project was to design and construct an experimental setup enabling pump operation to be controlled and ensuring the smooth regulation of its efficiency. The closed liquid circuit is equipped with a throttling valve to slow down the flow. In addition, flow meters were used in the installation to enable the flow to be measured. Ultimately, after choking the flow, the pump could be controlled in such a way that maintained the set flow value. The PID controller fulfilling this function can be configured by changing its settings. In this way, an expiermintal setup can demonstrate the influence of individual elements of the regulator on the efficiency of regulation. This work is a continuation of further research related to the project number: 006/RID/2018/19 financed under the program Ministry of Science and Higher Education.

Control Software Design for a Multisensing Multicellular Microscale Gas Chromatography System.

Microscale gas chromatography (μGC) systems are miniaturized instruments that typically incorporate one or several microfabricated fluidic elements; such systems are generally well suited for the automated sampling and analysis of gas-phase chemicals. Advanced μGC systems may incorporate more than 15 elements and operate these elements in different coordinated sequences to execute complex operations. In particular, the control software must manage the sampling and analysis operations of the μGC system in a time-sensitive manner; while operating multiple control loops, it must also manage error conditions, data acquisition, and user interactions when necessary. To address these challenges, this work describes the investigation of multithreaded control software and its evaluation with a representative μGC system. The μGC system is based on a progressive cellular architecture that uses multiple μGC cells to efficiently broaden the range of chemical analytes, with each cell incorporating multiple detectors. Implemented in Python language version 3.7.3 and executed by an embedded single-board computer, the control software enables the concurrent control of heaters, pumps, and valves while also gathering data from thermistors, pressure sensors, capacitive detectors, and photoionization detectors. A graphical user interface (UI) that operates on a laptop provides visualization of control parameters in real time. In experimental evaluations, the control software provided successful operation and readout for all the components, including eight sets of thermistors and heaters that form temperature feedback loops, two sets of pressure sensors and tunable gas pumps that form pressure head feedback loops, six capacitive detectors, three photoionization detectors, six valves, and an additional fixed-flow gas pump. A typical run analyzing 18 chemicals is presented. Although the operating system does not guarantee real-time operation, the relative standard deviations of the control loop timings were <0.5%. The control software successfully supported >1000 μGC runs that analyzed various chemical mixtures.

Energetic and highly reliable photovoltaic power source assisted water pump control system design using IoT

The tools used in agriculture are evolving quickly. The advancement of farming technology, farm infrastructure, and manufacturing facilities is ongoing. Numerous photovoltaic (PV) systems may be used in agriculture. These use cases include both standalone installations and larger systems put in place by utilities when they determine that PV technology is the most cost-effective way to meet a specific remote agricultural demand, such water irrigation for fields or cattle. The heart and soul of a solar-powered water pumping system are two solar panels. The solar cell is the smallest component of a photovoltaic panel. Here, we connect the ESP module's outputs to those from sensors installed in the PV panels' controller and water pump. With the use of the GSM module, the main controller unit may show the status of each module, such as whether the motor is on or off, on the administrator's mobile phone. In the event of a motor failure, the malfunctioning component can be identified. Challenges to agricultural land development include transport and road conditions. In this study, we'll look at the numerous options open to the farmer. The primary goal of this study is to develop a solar-powered, Internet of Things (IoT) and GSM-controlled water pump. This reduces the need for human labour (from farmers) in outlying areas. The farmer's mobile device serves as the hub for all activities.

Soil moisture forecasting for precision irrigation management using real-time electricity consumption records

The installation of the smart electricity meters (SEMs) to the high-density pumping wells in the North China Plain (NCP) provided a method to control the groundwater withdraw. The record in real-time electricity consumption from SEMs also provided an alternative method to forecast soil moisture to make irrigation decisions to improve irrigation efficiency. The irrigation timing and the irrigation amount could be obtained on-line from the SEMs based on the coefficients obtained for electricity-to-water conversion (E-Wc). The real-time recordings in the irrigation timing and amounts were further used to forecast the next irrigation timing and amount based on the water rights per area of land, the lower limit of soil water contents for different crops at their different growing stages and online meteorological data. A smartphone app was developed based on this framework. The running of the app to simulate soil water contents based on the soil water balance equation was supported by databases on soil texture, crop coefficients, water rights, E-Wc and threshold soil water content values as well as the real-time collection of electricity consumption and meteorological data. The simulated real-time soil water contents were shown on the mobile phone screen and could be compared with the threshold values for making irrigation decisions for users. The accuracy in forecasting the soil water contents using the methods developed in this framework was tested under different irrigation schedules for winter wheat and summer maize during 2018–2019 and 2021–2022, and the app was tested for three locations starting from sowing winter wheat in October 2022 to April in 2023. The results showed that the app could be easily run, and precise real-time soil water contents were simulated. With the application of the pumping well renovation project in the NCP, most of the pumping wells were installed with the SEMs, and using SEMs for groundwater pumping control and irrigation decisions should be possible.

МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УЧАСТКА МАГИСТРАЛЬНОГО ТРУБОПРОВОДА С РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕМ ДРОССЕЛИРОВАНИЕМ

The aim of the work is to develop a mathematical model of the technological section of the main pipeline, which reflects the main hydraulic processes in the pipeline, namely Q-H characteristics of pressure and main pumping units, their connection diagrams, characteristics of the electric drive part, characteristics of the linear part (length, diameter, thickness of the pipeline ), shut-off linear valves, throttling valves, including a frequency converter, an electric motor with a gearbox and a hydraulic part (flow characteristic). The task is to develop a mathematical model of the main pipeline technological section for further use as part of a simulation stand for an automatic pressure control system (APCS). Research methods are used such as the system analysis method, technical hydraulics, mathematical modelling of operating the main oil pipeline section, considering the switch on and off of the main pumping units and changes in the opening degree of the throttling unit. The research results state that the developed mathematical model of the main pipeline technological section takes into account the basic hydraulic processes and can be used in the simulator software for automatic pressure control systems. The novelty of the work consists in building a mathematical model of the main pipeline technological section with throttling control, adapted for real-time operation for the simulator programmable logic controller. The paper findings state that the proposed mathematical model of the main pipeline technological section with throttling control has some assumptions necessary for the software to operate in real time and reflects the main hydraulic processes occurring in the oil pipeline. Switching the main pumping units and control valves is successfully modelled. The simulation results can be used in the computer program for the software and hardware complex (SHC) of the automation testing simulator and the SHC for setting up the APCS.

The design and analysis of a hydro-pneumatic energy storage closed-circuit pump control system with a four-chamber cylinder

A decentralized variable electric motor and fixed pump (VMFP) system with a four-chamber cylinder is proposed for mobile machinery, such that the energy efficiency can be improved by hydro-pneumatic energy storage, and problems of closed-circuit pump-controlled systems including asymmetrical flow and speed limitation are addressed. One of the chambers is arranged to the energy storage accumulator to increase energy efficiency, while the other chambers are flexibly connected to the pump ports to achieve variable transmission ratios. The piston areas of the multiple chambers are designed at first to permit a symmetric single-rod cylinder, and secondly a switching system with three operating modes is presented to expand force-velocity capabilities. Then, the four-chamber cylinder system with three solenoid valves is designed to substitute for the traditional two-chamber boom cylinder in a 6-ton excavator. A valve switching logic, as well as a feedforward and feedback compound speed controller, are presented. Simulations conducted in a 6-ton excavator model show that the maximum velocity increases by 66 %, together with asymmetrical flows to diminish the low-pressure charging accumulator. Peak power and energy consumption are both reduced by more than 20 % compared with the VMFP using the two-chamber cylinder. The energy-saving characteristics of the 6-ton excavator are emphatically analyzed considering energy storage and re-utilization. At last, experiment verifications are conducted in a lifting mechanism to verify the proposed energy-storage system.

Методика и алгоритм расчета местных потерь напора в трубопроводах

The article is devoted to the hydraulic calculation of pipelines. For the storage of liquid products used in the national economy, there are tanks, which are usually combined into tank farms. Equipment for transporting liquids within the tank farm includes pumping units, pipelines, shut-off and control devices, etc. The growing needs of the economy create the necessity of build new and expand existing storage facilities for liquid products at industrial and transport objects. Hydraulic calculation is an important part of the tank farms pipeline systems design. This paper presents a methodology and algorithm for determining of local fluid pressure losses in pipelines. The calculation is based on the characteristics of pipeline system sections in which local hydraulic resistance occurs: a change in the diameter or direction of the pipeline, installation locations of auxiliary devices, etc. The Weisbach formula is used to calculate the local pressure losses. This takes into account the values of the local resistances coefficients and average flow velocities in the respective sections. The average flow velocities are determined by the given values of the flow rates and flow profiles on the sections. The local losses coefficients, depending on the type of resistance, are also found according to the calculation formulas, or are set as the initial values. Local pressure losses are calculated for curved sections of pipelines, conical transitions (confusers and diffusers), inlet and outlet sections, shut-off, control and safety valves, instrumentation, branches.

Implementation of Lora and CoAP Protocol in Hydroponic Plant Water Pump Control

Hydroponics is the cultivation of plants without using soil media, but using water media that contains nutrients and minerals. To observe the growth parameters of hydroponic plants, it is still necessary to come directly to the hydroponic site and provide the nutrients needed manually. In time efficiency, the use of Internet of Things (IoT) is needed so that there is no need to come directly to the hydroponic site. LoRa is a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) communication system. This research uses sensor nodes, middleware, and client nodes as well as the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) protocol for clients to access the value of sensors to control automatic pumps so that nutrients for plants can be given directly without the need to come to the hydroponic site. The result of the implementation is that the water pump control can run properly until the plants can be harvested. The performance testing is done so that LoRa can transmit data at a distance of 1 km with an RSSI value of -114 dBm.

Evaluation of CO2 Emission and Local Flexibility by Water Pumping Scheduling in Water Distribution System

In recent years, the amount of the photovoltaic (PV) system has been rapidly increasing from the viewpoint of carbon neutral. There are concerns about voltage rises and grid congestion in the electrical distribution network because of large‐scale PV increases. In order to address these issues, we focused on the control of water supply pumps in the water distribution system, which is infrastructure equipment for consumers. By controlling the start/stop of the water pump, it is expected to contribute to the power distribution system by increasing Demand Response (DR) and reduce CO2 emission from the electricity used by the pump. In this paper, with the aim of constructing an optimal operation planning method for water pumps that can evaluate DR and CO2 reduction effects, the optimal operation plan is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming problem. We numerical evaluated impact of water pump operation for CO2 emission and electrical distribution network. © 2023 The Authors. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering published by Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Artificial neural network model for predicting CO2 heat pump behaviour in domestic hot water and space heating systems

The natural refrigerant, CO2, possesses thermophysical properties that make it highly suitable for domestic hot water (DHW) production using heat pump technology. In this study, the development and validation of an artificial neural network (ANN) model that enables efficient design and control of a CO2 heat pump is presented. The study employs experimental data from a CO2 heat pump with a nominal heat capacity of 8 kW. The fully instrumented rig includes the heat pump and a pump rig designed to generate system temperatures representative of various space heat and DHW demands. A comprehensive dataset was generated through systematic variation of inlet temperatures and setpoints. The ANN provides predictions for outlet temperatures, heat production, and electricity consumption utilizing inlet flow rates, temperatures, and setpoints as inputs. These predictions are important for condition monitoring or in a smart operation management framework that determines optimal schedules for the machine.

Experimental study on flow control system of an electric pump-fed cycle for thrust control

An electric pump-fed cycle can enable the electrical control of pump revolutions and rapidly vary the propellant flow rate. This paper proposes the pump control method as a flow control system of an electric pump-fed cycle. In order to evaluate the applicability of the designed flow control system, the test equipment that simulates an electric pump-fed cycle was constructed, including the Li-ion battery power system and communication instruments. The designed PID controller demonstrated rapid flow stabilization and robustness compared to the system without a controller. Meanwhile, under the initial pressurized condition in the run tank that simulated an engine start-up sequence, the controller response delay occurred was more than 500 ms. In addition, the dynamic loads, such as the water hammer effects and overshoot, were identified. The start-up sequence of an EP cycle was adjusted to alleviate those issues. Consequently, the supply stabilizing time and overshoot were adjusted to 400 ms and 1.7 %, respectively. This study can be the first step in utilizing an electric pump-fed cycle for the thrust control technology in the upper stage of a mission.