Quality Control Of Products Research Articles

Quantification of L-ornithine L-aspartate in health supplement by HPLC in combination with o-phthalaldehyde derivative technique

Dietary supplements containing L-ornithine L-aspartate (LOLA) are on the rise. Thus, a simple, reliable method of analysis for determining LOLA has been developed, which helps to control product quality. In this study, a method for determining LOLA in dietary supplements by HPLC in combination with o-phtalaldehyde derivatives (OPA) was developed and validated. The study optimized conditions for extraction of LOLA from the matrix, then derived with OPA and chromatographic separation on column C18. The detection limits and quantitative limits of the method were conducted on low-content real samples, with LOD and LOQ values achieved at 6.0 and 20.0 μg/g, respectively. The method has good recovery (98 – 106%) and repeatability (1.32 – 3.50%) that meet the method performance requirements according to AOAC. The validated method has been applied to analyze LOLA content in dietary supplements at the National Institute for Food Control.

Результаты исследования взаимосвязи вязкости и механической прочности беленой лиственной сульфатной целлюлозы

An assessment has been made of the relationship between viscosity and mechanical strength of industrial samples of bleached hardwood kraft pulp. To produce this type of semi-finished product, birch and aspen wood has been used, which has been harvested in the Northwestern region of the Russian Federation. The viscosity of a solution of high-molecular polymers provides an idea of the average length of the fibers and, accordingly, their degree of destruction. In turn, the mechanical properties of the fibrous semi-finished product and the strength of the products made from it largely depend on the length of the fiber. Since it takes no more than 2 hours to determine the viscosity of a solution of high-molecular polymers, and 8–10 hours to obtain standard mechanical strength characteristics, viscosity analysis can be considered an express method that provides information on the mechanical strength of a semi-finished product. In this work, the ISO 5351:2010 international standard in cupriethylenediamine solution has been used to analyze the viscosity of the semi-finished product. High values of mechanical strength characteristics have been detected for industrial samples of bleached hardwood kraft pulp with a viscosity of more than 800 ml/g. For pulp samples, a correlation has been established only between the number of double folds and viscosity. Further research has been carried out on samples of bleached hardwood kraft pulp with different degrees of fiber destruction, which have been produced with varying the parameters of sodium hypochlorite treatment. The results have made it possible to establish a range of critical viscosity values for bleached hardwood kraft pulp, which has amounted to 600...700 ml/g, and a polynomial relationship between tear resistance, breaking length, a number of double folds and viscosity with a high confidence coefficient of data approximation of no less than 0.89. It has been shown that viscosity can become an analytical tool in the express diagnostics of the mechanical strength of a fibrous semi-finished product at the intermediate stages of production of bleached hardwood kraft pulp and in quality control of the ready-made semi-finished product.

THE INFLUENCE OF LOW-MOLECULAR SUBSTANCES ON THE PHASE SEPARATION CAPACITY OF A TWO-PHASE PEG – SODIUM CITRATE – WATER SYSTEM

As is known, two-phase polymer-polymer-water and polymer-electrolyte-water systems (SPIS) are widely used in the separation and purification of biological objects in biotechnology and pharmacology, as well as in the quality control of medicinal products. Depending on the nature of these processes, it is important to purposefully change the separation capacity of SPIS. The aim of the presented research is to ensure that it is adapted to each application object by using different additives to separate and purify biological objects. The presented study investigated the phase diagrams of the water-polymer two-phase system PEG - sodium citrate - water in the presence of certain additives. The influence of additives on the separating ability of the two-phase system PEG - sodium citrate - water was determined. Analysis of the provided data shows that the variation in the parameters of the phase diagram and the different values of the separating ability n* of the two-phase system depending on the nature of the additives is associated with changes in the structure of water under the influence of these factors. This leads to changes in the interaction of the phase-forming components of the two-phase system with water, resulting in differences in the physicochemical properties, particularly the relative hydrophobicities of the two-phase system.

EVALUATION OF STUDENTS' TRAINING LEVEL IN THE ELECTIVE DISCIPLINE "QUALITY SYSTEMS IN PHARMACY"

The pharmaceutical industry is rapidly developing and implementing new innovative approaches and legal regulation of the quality management system of medicinal products, which includes a set of methods, processes and resources that are necessary for quality management. Therefore, the study by students of the specialty 226 "Pharmacy, industrial pharmacy" of the elective discipline "Quality systems in pharmacy" is an important area of professional training of a qualified specialist who will master the methodology of quality management, normative-legislative and organizational-economic aspects of quality control of medicinal products at pharmaceutical enterprises. Training of domestic students in the field of drug technology is an important direction of pharmaceutical education today. The main tasks of studying the elective discipline "Quality Systems in Pharmacy" are: formation of students of higher education in general knowledge about the quality indicators of medicinal products according to the stage of their life cycle by fulfilling the requirements of proper pharmaceutical practices and developing documentation in accordance with their requirements; formation of practical skills; raising the level of general and scientific development of students of higher education, forming their outlook and perspective as modern qualified specialists in the field of pharmacy. The purpose of the work was to study the assessment of the level of training of domestic students in the elective discipline "Quality Systems in Pharmacy". Materials and methods. We used an empirical research method (questionnaire). Questionnaire was a key research method, as it allows to get answers from the student audience regarding the organization of the educational process. A survey was conducted to assess the level of preparation of domestic students of the 5th year of the Faculty of Pharmacy who completed the study of the selective discipline "Quality Systems in Pharmacy". 50 full-time students and 2 distance learning students took part in the survey. Out of all the respondents, only one studies on budget forms of education. Research results. According to the curriculum, the elective discipline "Quality Systems in Pharmacy" at the Faculty of Pharmacy of IFNMU is studied in the V course in the IX semester, at the stage when students have already acquired basic knowledge of pharmaceutical disciplines. The discipline is chosen by already formed specialists who possess a large stock of theoretical knowledge and practical skills and are motivated to study a new subject, so it remains for the teacher to systematize information for the proper conduct of the discipline study course. 3 ECTS credits are provided for the study of the discipline in the curriculum. The discipline includes 20 hours of lectures, 30 hours of practical classes, 40 hours of independent student work and ends with a module. Lecture and practical material taught at the level of modern scientific and practical data with the aim of forming students' program results. We conducted an analysis of problems in the organization of the educational process for students of the Faculty of Pharmacy of the Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University during full-time education. The success of implementing the selective discipline "Quality Systems in Pharmacy" and ensuring a high level of training depends primarily on the quality of the work of scientific and pedagogical workers.

Structural Analysis of Hyaluronic Acid Fillers Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: Implications for Quality Control and Clinical Performance.

Potential disruptions in the biocompatibility of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers can arise with mono-linked 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) or unreacted (pendant) 1,4-butanediol di-(propan-2,3-diolyl) ether. Assessing the filler's degree of modification involves evaluating improperly cross-linked BDDE. This study analyzed commercially available HA fillers using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), focusing on key parameters, such as the degree of modification (MoD), the cross-linker ratio (CrR), and the degree of cross-linking. We assessed thirteen commercially available HA fillers using NMR. The samples were placed in an NMR instrument, and each sample was analyzed for 26 h, including MoD and CrR assessments. MoD 1H ranged from 17.065% to 2.239%, MoD 13C ranged from 12.567% to 1.947%, and CrR 13C ranged from 0.394 to 0.014. Significant distinctions were observed in the CrR 13C values when the MoD values of the products were similar. This study underscores the importance of considering the MoD and the CrR together to ensure optimal cross-linking and minimize the risks associated with residual BDDE impurities. Utilizing NMR for HA gel characterization provides valuable insights regarding product quality control, safety assessments, and clinical performance evaluations for esthetic interventions, contributing to filler product improvements. Further studies correlating NMR findings with real-world outcomes are essential for ensuring safety and efficacy.

TCL Technology's Merger and Acquisition of Central Electronics: Analysis of Corporate M&A and Restructuring Strategies

Benefiting from national policy support and market economy, China's semiconductor industry has made significant progress in technological innovation, especially in the context of 5G, smart Internet and big data era, the center of gravity of the industry is shifting from South Korea and Taiwan to mainland China.Through the acquisition of Azeus, which is equipped with profound semiconductor packaging and testing technology, TCL Technology aims to enhance its competitiveness in the semiconductor field, optimize supply chain management and improve product quality control capability. supply chain management and improve product quality control. This paper examines TCL's acquisition of Azeus and discusses six aspects of the acquisition: overview of the two parties, industry background, progress of the acquisition, performance evaluation (including financial and non-financial), risk analysis, and characteristics of the acquisition. The results show that the acquisition has had a positive impact on TCL's development in semiconductors and related fields.

Проблемні питання забезпечення якості дорожньо-будівельних матеріалів та виробів в контексті особливостей їх сертифікації в Україні відповідно до ДСТУ EN ISO/IEC 17065:2019 та закону України «Про надання будівельної продукції на ринку»

Introduction. The article examines the importance of certification of road construction materials as one of the main tools for ensuring their quality. Problems. The authors emphasize that the certificate of conformity is a key document that confirms that the products meet the established regulatory requirements. Product certification, which includes laboratory tests and control of the production process, ensures the objectivity of quality assessment. The article describes in detail the stages of the certification process, from submitting an application to technical supervision of certified products. The role of certification bodies, which must be accredited by the National Accreditation Agency of Ukraine (NAAU), is emphasized separately, and their responsibility for the safety and quality of certified road construction materials is also noted. The authors also draw attention to the problem of non-compliance with the quality standards of road construction products in Ukraine, which leads to road defects, such as cracks and subsidence, which can appear already a year after the road is put into operation. In this context, it is emphasized the need to strengthen the quality control of both produced in Ukraine and imported road construction materials. The article also considers the issue of voluntary certification of road construction products, which is carried out at the initiative of the manufacturer or supplier, which is becoming more and more important in the conditions of tender procurement. At the same time, the lack of quality control of products sold through retail networks and the lack of effective quality control of imported road construction materials are emphasized.

Determination of naringin and neohesperidin in "Quzhiqiao" (Immature fruit of Citrus paradisi 'Changshan Huyou') using graphene-based molecularly imprinted technology

A sensitive and selective molecularly imprinted polymer-graphene oxide (MIP@GO) electrochemical sensor was fabricated for the determination of naringin and neohesperidin in "Quzhiqiao" (immature fruit of Citrus paradisi 'Changshan Huyou'). The MIP@GO was prepared by electropolymerization using naringin and neohesperidin as templates. Under optimized conditions, the sensor exhibited linear ranges of 0.1–50 μM for naringin and 0.2–60 μM for neohesperidin, with low detection limits of 0.03 μM and 0.05 μM, respectively. The imprinting factors for naringin and neohesperidin were 3.8 and 2.5, respectively. The sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity, reproducibility (RSD < 3.6 %), stability (>94.5 % retention after 30 days), and reusability (>92.8 % retention after 10 cycles). The MIP@GO sensor was successfully applied to Fructus aurantii samples, with recoveries ranging from 95.5 % to 104.2 %. This work presents a rapid, cost-effective, and highly sensitive approach for the quality control of Quzhiqiao and related citrus products.

Image segmentation on void regional formation in the flip-chip underfilling process by comparing YOLO and mask RCNN

Purpose This paper aims to identify a suitable convolutional neural network (CNN) model to analyse where void(s) are formed in asymmetrical flip-chips with large amounts of the ball-grid array (BGA) during underfilling. Design/methodology/approach A set of void(s)-filled through-scan acoustic microscope (TSAM) images of BGA underfill is collected, labelled and used to train two CNN models (You Look Only Once version 5 (YOLOv5) and Mask RCNN). Otsu's thresholding method is used to calculate the void percentage, and the model's performance in generating the results with its accuracy relative to real-scale images is evaluated. Findings All discoveries were authenticated concerning previous studies on CNN model development to encapsulate the shape of the void detected combined with calculating the percentage. The Mask RCNN is the most suitable model to perform the image segmentation analysis, and it closely matches the void presence in the TSAM image samples up to an accuracy of 94.25% of the entire void region. The model's overall accuracy of RCNN is 96.40%, and it can display the void percentage by 2.65 s on average, faster than the manual checking process by 96.50%. Practical implications The study enabled manufacturers to produce a feasible, automated means to improve their flip-chip underfilling production quality control. Leveraging an optimised CNN model enables an expedited manufacturing process that will reduce lead costs. Originality/value BGA void formation in a flip-chip underfilling process can be captured quantitatively with advanced image segmentation.

Radiosynthesis, Quality Control, and Small Animal Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of 68Ga-labelled Nano Molecules.

Small animal Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) imaging techniques are crucial in preclinical cancer research, necessitating meticulous attention to radiotracer synthesis, quality assurance, and in vivo injection protocols. This study presents a comprehensive workflow tailored to enhance the robustness and reproducibility of small animal PET experiments. The synthesis process in the radiochemistry laboratory using 68Ga is detailed, highlighting stringent quality control and assurance protocols for each radiotracer production. Parameters such as concentration, molar activity, pH, and purity are rigorously monitored, aligning with standards applicable to human studies. This methodology introduces streamlined syringe preparation and a custom-designed 30G cannula for precise intravenous injections into mice. Monitoring of animal health during scanning, including temperature and heart rate, ensures their well-being throughout the procedure. Dosages for PET and SPECT scans are predetermined to balance data acquisition with minimizing radiation exposure to animals and researchers. Similarly, CT scans employ pre-programmed settings to limit radiation exposure, especially pertinent in long-term studies assessing treatment effects. By optimizing these steps, the workflow aims to standardize procedures, reduce variability, and enhance the quality of small animal PET/SPECT/CT imaging. This resource provides valuable insights for researchers seeking to improve the accuracy and reliability of preclinical investigations in molecular imaging, ultimately advancing the field.

Alternative and Herbal Pharmaceuticals

Alternative and herbal pharmaceuticals have gained significant attention in recent years as completing approaches to conventional medicine. This review explores the increasing interest in these organic remedies, meeting their productiveness, security, and supervisory challenges. Herbal medicines, arisen plants, and floral beginnings have existed secondhand for centuries in differing breedings for their healing features. The revival of interest in this natural device is compelled by one growing demand for whole and deterrent healthcare options. This review explains the pharmacological exercises of key herbaceous compounds, their machines of operation, and the clinical evidence advocating their use. Additionally, the unification of alternative healings into prevailing healthcare is checked, highlighting the significance of control of product quality, uniformity, and severe dispassionate experiments. While alternative and herbal pharmaceuticals offer hopeful benefits, they too pose challenges, containing instability in effectiveness and potential interactions accompanying unoriginal drugs. The review underlines the need for more inclusive research to confirm the efficacy and security of these analyses. In conclusion, alternative and herbaceous pharmaceuticals show a valuable addition to the healthcare arsenal, supported they are secondhand sensibly and as well evidence-located practices. Future research guidance and policy approvals are projected to embellish the unification of these healings into modern healing practice.

Metode Pelaksanaan Pembuatan PC Spun Pile dengan Mutu F'c 52 MPa Pada PT. Wijaya Karya Beton Tbk PPB Majalengka

A concrete plant, also known as a batch plant or batching plant or a concrete batching plant, is equipment that combines various ingredients to form concrete. This implementation aims to determine the manufacturing process and quality control of concrete product production. The method used in this implementation is descriptive quantitative. Steps include operational variables to determine the problem and indicators of the cause of the problem. Data collection through observation and documentation. The results of this implementation show that the implementation of manufacturing at PT WIKA Beton Tbk PPB Majalengka aims to make good concrete products, the factors for making PC Spun Pile products are made based on work instructions or standard operational procedures.

Monitoring water quality parameters of freshwater aquaculture ponds using UAV-based multispectral images

Monitoring water quality is crucial for water exchange, precise feeding, and quality control of water products in freshwater aquaculture. In light of the issue of spatial heterogeneity in freshwater aquaculture pond waters and the constraints of conventional sensor detection techniques and traditional machine learning models. In this study, UAV multispectral images were combined with four machine learning algorithms (Ridge, XGBoost, CatBoost, RF) and the Stacking model to model the estimation of Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) and Turbidity and map their spatial distribution. The findings indicate that, in contrast to machine learning models, the Stacking model of water quality parameter performs better with higher accuracy. Meanwhile,for Chl-a and Turbidity the optimal sub-model combination in the Stacking model varies, with the most effective estimation model for Chl-a concentration identified as RF-XGB-Ridge (R2 = 0.84, RMSE=1.882 µg/L, MAE=3.433 µg/L and Slope = 0.791). As to Turbidity, the RF-CAB-Ridge model demonstrates superior performance, with macro-averaged precision (macro-p) of 93.3 %, macro-averaged recall (macro-R) of 88.8 %, macro-averaged F1-score (macro-F1) of 0.895, and Kappa coefficient of 0.813. Furthermore, the results of the joint analyses, which included measured samples and management measures at the test site, demonstrated that the spatial distribution maps of Chl-a and Turbidity were in alignment with the current status of water quality at the test site. This consistency was observed across both temporal and spatial scales. The results demonstrate that the integration of UAV multispectral images with the Stacking model can enhance the precision of water quality parameter models, facilitates the examination of the spatial and temporal distribution of water quality parameters and the underlying influencing factors, and advances the capability for dynamic monitoring of water quality parameters in freshwater aquaculture regions. Concurrently, it offers fundamental theoretical and methodological assistance for the precise regulation of water quality in freshwater aquaculture ponds and the formulation of optimal production management strategies.

The possibility of recycling iron sludge in the steel industry

Abstract The steel industry strives to achieve quality steel with improved mechanical properties. In order to meet these market requirements, steel manufacturers need to streamline technological operations, increase process efficiency and productivity, and improve product quality control. Old iron and scrap metal used in the production of steel come from various sources and special attention should be paid to their quality, in particular, to the content of elements harmful to steel. The paper presents the results of the research undertaken on the use as raw material of the steel-making aggregates, in addition to the classic assortments of old iron of by-products obtained from the processing of iron slats in the form of briquettes. The influence of the quality of waste used was assessed by expanding the raw material base in the context of sustainable development, on steel blanks by investigating the effect on the chemical composition as well as the possibility of recovery of alloying element.

FDADNet: Detection of Surface Defects in Wood-Based Panels Based on Frequency Domain Transformation and Adaptive Dynamic Downsampling

The detection of surface defects on wood-based panels plays a crucial role in product quality control. However, due to the complex background and low contrast of defects in wood-based panel images, features extracted by traditional deep learning methods based on spatial domain processing often contain noise and blurred boundaries, which severely affects detection performance. To address these issues, we have proposed a wood-based panel surface defect detection method based on frequency domain transformation and adaptive dynamic downsampling (FDADNet). Specifically, we designed a Multi-axis Frequency Domain Weighted Information Representation Module (MFDW), which effectively decoupled the indistinguishable low-contrast defects from the background in the transform domain. Gaussian filtering was then employed to eliminate noise and blur between the defects and the background. Additionally, to tackle the issue of scale differences in defects that led to difficulties in accurate capture, we designed an Adaptive Dynamic Convolution (ADConv) module for downsampling. This method flexibly compressed and enhanced features, effectively improving the differentiation of the features of objects of varying scales in the transform space, and ultimately achieved effective defect detection. To compensate for the lack of data, we constructed a dataset of wood-based panel surface defects, WBP-DET. The experimental results showed that the proposed FDADNet effectively improved the detection performance of wood-based panel surface defects in complex scenarios, achieving a solid balance between efficiency and accuracy.

Development of an ESP32 Microcontroller-based Colorimeter with an Android App for the Verification of Roasting Degree of Coffee Beans

A lo w-cost and portable colorimeter was developed using an ESP32 microcontroller and a TCS34725 color sensor to monitor the degree of coffee roast, crucial for maintaining flavor consistency and controlling product quality across different batches. The colorimeter detected color recognition resulting in RGB color intensity values, which could be displayed on the device’s TFT LCD touchscreen. Additionally, colorimetric data was transmitted in real-time via WiFi and stored in a MySQL database using an Android app created with the MIT App Inventor platform. The colorimeter was powered by a rechargeable lithium phosphate battery. The consistency of coffee roasting was ensured by self-identifying the standard RGB values of the roasted coffee beans at five degrees (light, light-medium, medium, medium-dark, and dark) with the app. The darker the color of the roasted coffee, the lower the RGB values were gained. The color detection was highly precise, with a relative standard deviation of less than 5%.

Research Status and Safety Considerations of Animal-Derived Mesh Products

With the development of the economy and technological progress, more and more animal-derived mesh products are being utilized in the medical field for tissue and organ repair and replacement. Owing to the complexity of their structure and production process, these animal-derived meshes still face several challenges in practical applications, such as insufficient mechanical strength, rapid degradation rates, and the detection of harmful leachable substances. Among these challenges, the production process is a key factor affecting product quality. This paper reviews the key aspects of the production process and quality control for animal-derived meshes in China, offering new insights for the quality control and regulatory oversight of such products.

Ferromagnetic nanotracers based on Fe and Co oxides: synthesis and their role in assessing the quality of mixing liquid feeds

Ensuring homogeneity of the feed mixing is crucial for animal health and productivity. The growing complexity of feed formulations increases the need for uniform mixtures, particularly for young animals, where balanced feed significantly affects growth and consumption. Ferromagnetic microtracers, developed by MicroTracers Inc., are used to monitor mixing uniformity in dry feed production. These microtracers, including iron-based types, are effective due to their magnetic properties, facilitating detection, and separation. However, they are less suitable for liquid feeds, leading to the development of magnetic nanotracers based on the iron oxide for liquid feed applications. Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) is used to measure the size and distribution of nanoparticles in liquid feeds, ensuring thus effective mixing. The stability and uniform distribution of magnetic nanoparticles are crucial, with various surfactants, such as dimethylamine salt of oleic acid (DMAOA) and ammonium oleate, influencing particle size and aggregation. DMAOA provides better dispersion and stability, essential for quality control in feed production. The concentration of cobalt in nanoparticles FexCoyOz was determined by a modified spectrophotometric method.

Российский ритейл и популяризация принципов устойчивого развития ESG

The article discusses the main tasks of Russian retail, which is the task of achieving a balance between profit from trading activities and environmental support. The integration of the principles of sustainable development into all operational processes, from product quality control to waste disposal, creates an entire ecosystem of responsible business and lifestyle of people.

Definition of Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Meniscus Regeneration by the Mechanism of Action and General Amp1200 Gene Expression.

The quality control (QC) of pharmaceutical-grade cell-therapy products, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), is challenging. Attempts to develop such products have been hampered by difficulties defining cell-type-specific characteristics and therapeutic mechanisms of action (MoAs). Although we have developed a cell therapy product, FF-31501, consisting of human synovial MSCs (SyMSCs), it was difficult to find specific markers for SyMSCs and to define the cells separately from other MSCs. The purpose of this study was to create a method for identifying and defining SyMSCs from other tissue-derived MSCs and to delve deeper into the mechanism of action of SyMSC-induced meniscus regeneration. Specifically, as a cell-type-dependent approach, we constructed a set of 1143 genes (Amp1200) reported to be associated with MSCs and established a method to evaluate them by correlating gene expression patterns. As a result, it was possible to define SyMSCs separately from other tissue-derived MSCs and non-MSCs. In addition, the gene expression analysis also highlighted TNSF-15. The in vivo rat model of meniscus injury found TNSF-15 to be an essential molecule for meniscus regeneration via SyMSC administration. This molecule and previously reported MoA molecules allowed an MoA-dependent approach to define the mechanism of action for SyMSCs. Therefore, SyMSCs for meniscus regeneration were defined by means of two approaches: the method to separate them from other MSCs and the identification of the MoA molecules. These approaches would be useful for the QC of cell therapy products.