Control Of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Research Articles

Improved current control for PMSM via an active disturbance rejection controller

This article proposes an active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) for regulating the dq axis currents of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM). First, we establish actual PMSM model by considering ineluctable disturbances due to the variation of parameters, abrupt change of load, etc. Initially, we design dq axis current ADRCs incorporating an extended state observer (ESO). Compared to the commonly used proportional integral (PI) controller, the ADRC exhibits superior anti-interference capabilities in load and speed regulation. Secondly, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of ADRC’s key features, including ESO stability, dq-axis current tracking, and its anti-interference effectiveness in PMSM applications. Additionally, we offer methods for selecting parameters for both ADRC and ESO. Concurrently, we also examine the ADRC algorithm that utilizes a reduced-order extended state observer (RESO). The control performance of ADRC using RESO will be better than ESO. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of this method, we construct an experimental platform using the TMS320F28035. The results confirm the proposed method’s effectiveness.

Research on a Sensorless ADRC Vector Control Method for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on the Luenberger Observer

A sensorless vector active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) method for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) utilizing a Luenberger observer is presented. This method aims to address the challenges associated with weak active disturbances, substantial steady-state speed amplitude fluctuations, and difficulty in achieving a balance between overshoot and speed control in the sensorless PMSM control system. Mathematical models of the Luenberger observer and the ADRC were analyzed, leading to the proposal of a second-order ADRC control method based on the Luenberger observer. A mathematical model of the permanent PMSM has been introduced. Additionally, the necessary conditions for the convergence of the Luenberger observer were derived and examined. The allowable range of error feedback gain values was determined, and rotor position data were acquired using a phase-locked loop. The principle of the ADRC was analyzed, and the ADRC simulation results, along with the PI simulation results, were detailed. When the target speed is 1000 r/min, the steady-state error and load disturbance resistance of the ADRC control method outperform those of the PI control method. Finally, the control method was experimentally tested on an STM32F4 chip, demonstrating the advantages of small steady-state error and strong active disturbance ability.

FPGA-Based Speed Control Strategy of PMSM Using Improved Beetle Antennae Search Algorithm

To improve performance in terms of overshoot and motor response speed when a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with a proportional–integral (PI) controller is subjected to external disturbances, this paper proposes a speed control strategy based on an enhanced Beetle Antennae Search algorithm, which allows for adjustable parameters of the PI controller within a certain range. Firstly, to enhance the global and local search capabilities of each individual beetle, the step size was improved by linearly decreasing it. Secondly, a simulation model of a PMSM closed-loop control system was built to verify the effectiveness of the improved Beetle Antennae Search (BAS) algorithm. Finally, a linear feedback shift register model that generates four random numbers was developed on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The improved BAS algorithm for the PMSM control system was implemented on an FPGA using the Verilog hardware description language, and the feasibility of the system was verified through hardware simulation. Additionally, the hardware resource consumption on different FPGA platforms was analyzed. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed new speed control strategy can reduce the overshoot and improve the motor response speed.

Adaptive Quick Sliding Mode Reaching Law and Disturbance Observer for Robust PMSM Control Systems

The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has been of interest to eco-friendly industries on account of its advantages such as high performance, efficiency, and precision control. However, perturbations due to PMSM parameter uncertainty, load torque, and external disturbance interfere with the construction of PMSM precision control systems. Therefore, a robust control system is needed to avoid unnecessary system movement caused by perturbations. In this paper, sliding mode control (SMC) is adopted to implement a robust control system for the PMSM. In order to reduce the reaching time from the initial system state to the sliding surface and the chattering phenomenon that can cause the system to malfunction, the adaptive quick sliding mode reaching law based on an exponential function and power equation is proposed. Although the SMC is robust to disturbance and parameter uncertainty, unexpected disturbances can destabilize the system. To estimate the unmatched disturbance in a short time, the second-order fast terminal sliding mode observer (SFTSMO) is proposed. The results show that the motor control system based on the proposed method has a fast convergence speed to an objective value, position tracking performance, and robustness.

Dynamic Modeling Approach in View of Vector Control and Behavior Analysis of a Multi-Three-Phase Star Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive

In order to fully utilize the control degrees of freedom of a multi-three-phase-star smooth-pole permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), this paper first develops a modeling approach using a new matrix transformation method. The proposed transformation produces decoupled and independent star windings, removing the inductive couplings and preserving the model and torque control’s consistency as the number of phases increases. The model, together with a new vector control scheme, is superior for studying the effect of the winding phase angle shift on motor performance. Based on a numerical simulation, this paper focuses on the quality analysis of phase currents, non-sequential currents, and torque ripple with different phase angles for double- and triple-star PMSM drives. The control of a triple-star PMSM is validated, and the behavior analysis is investigated by OPAL-RT.

Design and Implementation of Improved Gate Driver Circuit for Sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Control

Reliable motor control is important for electric vehicle applications. The control process requires accurate measurements of the current and rotor position information to establish correct motor control design, particularly in sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor control systems. Practical issues regarding the motor control circuit, such as the effects of parasitic element behavior on the switching components in the insulated gate bipolar transistor-driven inverter, were discussed in this study. It analyzed the effects of parasitic elements that can cause the ringing of switching losses and affect the spike of the signal in the motor current, which must be avoided in the implementation of motor control. The gate driver circuit topology was improved to reduce this effect in motor control devices. The proposed gate driver circuit design with the ringing suppression circuit configuration achieved good performance by keeping the signal spike at less than 10% in the motor current. Furthermore, a signal spike or noise was not observed in the estimation results of rotor position when using current information as the parameter control process. Both conditions were verified by experiments on the designed motor control devices. Under these conditions, signal precision can be achieved in motor control.

Experimental Validation of the Generation of Direct and Quadratic Reference Currents by Combining the Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm and Sliding Mode Control in PMSM using the Process PIL

This article aims to enhance the control efficiency of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) by generating optimal reference currents and using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), while ensuring a minimal absorbed current condition to reduce energy consumption and optimize PMSM performance. The ACO algorithm is chosen for its ability to find global solutions and robustness in complex environments, while Sliding Mode Control (SMC) provides advantages in terms of robustness against disturbances and the ability to maintain the system in a desired state. The implementation of the processor-in-the-loop (PIL) technique using MATLAB software with code composer and the LAUNCHXL- F28069M board enables the controller to be implemented in real hardware (LAUNCHXL-F28069M) to test the simulation environment (inverter and PMSM). Our results demonstrate the efficiency of ACO compared to the analytical method (AM) in terms of response time and minimizing absorbed current for different load values. Artificial intelligence (AI) has successfully and efficiently addressed the non-linearity between torque and reference currents, thus reducing energy consumption. This has allowed for the optimization of PMSM performance in a straightforward and efficient manner.

Experimental comparison of the performance of PI and IP controllers for a field-oriented controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor drive

Experimental comparison of the performance of PI and IP controllers for a field-oriented controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor drive

Analysis and Compensation of Phase Current Measuring Error Caused by Sensing Resistor in PMSM Application.

Field Oriented Control (FOC) effectively realizes independent control of flux linkage and torque, and is widely used in application of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). However, it is necessary to detect the phase current information of the motor to realize the current closed-loop control. The phase current detection method based on a sampling resistor will cause a measurement error due to the influence of parasitic parameters of the sampling resistor, which will lead to the decrease in PMSM control performance. This paper reveals the formation mechanism of the current sampling error caused by parasitic inductance and capacitance of the sampling resistor, and further confirms that the above error will lead to the fluctuation of the electromagnetic torque output by simulation. Moreover, we propose an approach for online observation and compensation of the current sampling error based on PI-type observer to suppresses the torque pulsation of PMSM. The phase current sampling error is estimated by the proportional and integral (PI) observer, and the deviation value of current sampling is obtained by low-pass filter (LPF). The above deviation value is further injected into the phase current close-loop for error compensation. The PI observer continues to work to keep the current sampling error close to zero. The simulation platform of Matlab/Simulink (Version: R2021b) is established to verify the effectiveness of online error observation and compensation. Further experiments also prove that the proposed method can effectively improve the torque fluctuation of the PMSM and enhance its control accuracy performance of rotation speed.

An improved sliding mode speed controller for PMSM based on new terminal reaching law with generalized proportional integral observer

A compound sliding mode controller for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) based on an adaptive terminal sliding mode reaching law with generalized proportional integral observer is proposed. First, an adaptive terminal reaching law is proposed to solve the defects of large chattering in commonly used sliding mode control, which consists of a piecewise function and a terminal term of state variables. The reaching law could adjust the gain according to the distance between the system state and the equilibrium point. On the premise of reducing chattering, a higher reaching speed is guaranteed. The convergence time has an upper bound and is not concerned with the initial value of the sliding mode variable. Based on the reaching law, an adaptive sliding mode controller is established. Second, to reduce the sliding mode gain and enhance the antidisturbance ability of the PMSM, a generalized proportional integral observer is established to evaluate the perturbations in PMSM and compensate them to the speed controller in real time. Simulations and experiments verify that the new compound control method has a faster-approaching speed, smaller chattering, and stronger antidisturbance ability than other methods.

PMSM Field-Oriented Control with Independent Speed and Flux Controllers for Continuous Operation under Open-Circuit Fault at Light Load Conditions

Presented in this article is a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control under open-circuit fault (OCF) operation using field-oriented control (FOC) with independent speed and flux controllers. The independent control allows the motor to operate efficiently under varying conditions. A simplified control approach is employed to control the PMSM under the OCF situation; the actual flux and torque of the PMSM are directly measured by the stator currents, eliminating the need for estimators or phase-locked-loop (PLL) systems. Matlab/Simulink is employed for the simulation, while hardware experiments are conducted using a dSPACE DS1104. The simulation and the hardware results demonstrate the control method’s effectiveness in maintaining continuous motor operation during OCF, its robustness against OCF conditions, and its ability to adapt under varying conditions, including speed, flux, and load torque change.

Speed‐current single‐loop control of PMSM based on model‐assisted cascaded extended state observer and sliding mode control

SummaryThis paper proposes a novel speed‐current single‐loop speed regulation controller for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) based on model‐assisted cascaded extended state observer (ESO) and sliding mode control (SMC), aimed at simplifying the control structure, increasing dynamic performance, and improving antidisturbance performance. Firstly, a cascaded ESO based on model information is designed for the second‐order model of single‐loop control of PMSM. This approach allows for quick and accurate estimation of disturbance without increasing bandwidth, while also reducing the burden of ESO with model‐assisted information. Next, with the estimation disturbance feedforward compensation, the composite controller is constructed based on SMC, which effectively eliminates residual disturbance and reduces chatterings. The stability of the closed‐loop system under the proposed controller is proved strictly. Finally, simulations and experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.

Fuzzy compensation of model predictive control for PMSMs with external disturbances

In some high-speed scenarios, encoders may prove ineffective in providing real-time feedback, thereby increasing the installation and maintenance costs of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs). Consequently, the development of sensorless algorithms for medium and high-speed scenarios will enhance the practical applicability of PMSMs. In contrast to the angle estimation scheme for a rotated coordinate system, model predictive control (MPC) commences from the stationary coordinate system to explore Lyapunov stability and directly derive speed and angle based on the stability condition. The primary advantage of this approach lies in its ability to mitigate the accumulation of observation angle iteration errors, while simultaneously simplifying stability conditions. Furthermore, it is important to note that uncertain factors will significantly impede the performance of PMSMs. Subsequently, various fuzzy schemes are introduced to mitigate the impact of uncertain factors in the sensorless mode, and a rigorous proof is provided for the relationship between the fuzzy error and current error. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of controller stability conditions is conducted. Ultimately, experimental results demonstrate that the proposed fuzzy compensations effectively counteract external disturbances.

Comparative Investigation of DSP-Based Speed Control of PMSM Using Proportional Integral and Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Logic Controller

This paper presents the simulation and experimental results of speed control of a three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). The control techniques employed in this work include a Proportional Integral (PI) controller and a Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Logic Controller (TS-FLC). While theory and simulation help in predicting the PI controller settings for real drive implementation, further adjustment of the PI controller coefficients is still needed for optimal performance. However, the complexity of PI controller tuning can be overcome by employing a fuzzy logic controller, which is less affected by variations in model parameters and load torque. Two variants of the proposed TS-FLC are implemented: a simple algorithm with 9 rules and a standard algorithm with 49 rules. The drive system utilizes Field Oriented Control (FOC). The control program is developed using the C/C++ programming language and executed on the Texas Instruments TMS320LF28335 Digital Signal Processor (DSP), known for its intelligent motor control capabilities. The drive system evaluation was performed through simulations and experimentation using the MCK28335 professional development kit provided by Technosoft Company. The simulation and experimental results of the proposed controllers are compared under various conditions, including speed reversal and load torque variations.

PI-based direct torque control of PMSM for torque ripple reduction

This paper addresses the challenge of torque ripple in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) through the implementation of a Proportional-Integral (PI)-based Direct Torque Control (DTC) strategy. Torque ripple, a phenomenon affecting motor performance, is mitigated by leveraging the simplicity and fast response of DTC, augmented by the precision of PI controllers. The objectives encompass a comprehensive understanding of PMSM characteristics, the design and implementation of the PI-based DTC system in MATLAB Simulink, and an in-depth analysis of its performance in torque ripple reduction. The paper also involves comparative studies with traditional control methods, parameter tuning for optimization, and assessments of versatility under varying conditions. By achieving these objectives, the research contributes to the advancement of control strategies for PMSMs, enhancing their efficiency and adaptability in industrial applications. The outcomes are documented and presented, providing valuable insights for future advancements in electric motor control.

Energy Optimization of Marine Drive Systems with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

The International Maritime Organization are introducing more and more stringent requirements concerning increasing ships’ energy efficiency. They are becoming a huge challenge for design engineers. This article proposes a method to increase the energy efficiency of mechatronic drive systems in ship systems via the use of highly efficient electric permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). An innovative control strategy is suggested. It is based on the modification of the classic PMSM control and ensuring energy optimization through a reduction in reactive power in the Active Converter–PMSM system. Analytical and simulation studies using the Matlab–Simulink program are presented. They confirm the possibility of reducing reactive power in a PMSM drive system. A verification of the results of analytical and simulation examinations was conducted at a laboratory station with the use of the Speedgoat module operating in the Rapid Control Prototyping mode. Both the simulation and experimental research results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed PMSM control method. This method has good prospects for application in energy-saving marine drive systems.

Retracted: A DSP-Controlled Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Control System for Hybrid Vehicles

Retracted: A DSP-Controlled Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Control System for Hybrid Vehicles

An Adaptive-Gain Sliding Mode Observer with Precise Compensation for Sensorless Control of PMSM

In this paper, we propose a sensorless control strategy for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) based on an adaptive-gain sliding mode observer (ASMO) with precise compensation. Firstly, the observer adopts a saturation function with a continuous boundary layer as the switching function to avoid the delay effect of the low-pass filter. In addition, the adaptive-gain method is designed based on a conventional sliding mode observer (SMO) with constant-gain and a saturation function. The adaptive-gain mathematical model is simplified by establishing a nonlinear feedback channel of an SMO. Secondly, in order to improve the practicability and facilitate debugging, the explicit stability condition of an ASMO is deduced according to Lyapunov’s second method. According to the proposed adaptive method, the chattering caused by the mismatch of the sliding-mode gain is suppressed, and the observable speed range is also improved. Thirdly, the position estimation delay problem of an SMO with a continuous switching function is analyzed in detail from the perspective of frequency characteristics. Then, a precise compensation method is proposed for the delay problem, which greatly improves the position estimation accuracy and the control performance. Finally, the correctness of the theory and the feasibility of the ASMO with precise compensation for the sensorless control of PMSMs are verified by experiments.

Parameter Identification of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Dynamic Forgetting Factor Based on H∞ Filtering Algorithm

To address system parameter changes during permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) operation, an H∞ filtering algorithm with a dynamic forgetting factor is proposed for online identification of motor resistance and inductance. First, a standard linear discrete PMSM parameter identification model is established; then, the discrete H∞ filtering algorithm is derived using game theory reducing state and measurement noise influence. A cost function is defined, solving extremes values of different terms. A dynamic forgetting factor is introduced to the weighted combination of initial and current measurement noise covariance matrices, eliminating identification issues from different initial values. On this basis, a dynamic forgetting factor is added to weigh the combination of the initial measurement noise covariance matrix and the current measurement noise covariance matrix, which eliminates the influence of the discrimination error caused by the different initial values. Finally, the identification model is built in MATLAB/Simulink for simulation analysis to verify the feasibility of the proposed algorithm. The simulation results show the proposed H∞ filtering algorithm rapidly and accurately identifies resistance and inductance values with significantly improved robustness. The forgetting factor enables quick stable recognition even with poor initial values, enhancing PMSM control performance.

Harmonic Injection Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Fading Memory Kalman Filtering

In order to reduce the harm of harmonic disturbances of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control system to the drive and improve the accuracy of the control system, a harmonic injection control method based on asymptotic fading memory Kalman filtering is proposed. Compared with the traditional harmonic injection method, this method reduces the torque pulsation of the PMSM, converges faster, and realizes fast stabilization of the control system. In order to improve the control accuracy of the system, extended Kalman filtering is used to estimate the mechanical angular velocity and optimize the harmonic extraction process to reduce the interference of noise signals in the extraction process. At the same time, a fading memory factor is introduced to replace the fixed gain in the Kalman filter, which can correct the system error and effectively prevent the filtering dispersion, thus enhancing the system’s stability. Finally, the system is simulated and experimentally analyzed, and the results show that the method can improve the dynamic response speed, stability, and control accuracy of the system compared with the traditional harmonic injection method.