Re-education Research Articles

A bifactor model of obsessive beliefs: Specificity in the prediction of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms.

Although current cognitive-behavioral models suggest that maladaptive "obsessive beliefs" about threat, responsibility, uncertainty, perfectionism, importance, and control of thoughts contributes to the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the structure of such beliefs is unclear. The current study evaluated a bifactor model of obsessive beliefs, as assessed by the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ-44), and its association with OCD symptoms in clinical (Study 1; N = 264) and nonclinical (Study 2; N = 437) samples. The goals were as follows: (a) to evaluate whether obsessive beliefs should be conceptualized as unidimensional or whether distinct dimensions should be interpreted, and (b) to use structural equation modeling to examine the extent to which distinct beliefs predict OCD symptoms above and beyond a general obsessive belief factor. Results revealed that in both clinical and nonclinical samples, a bifactor model fit the data well and significantly better than a standard three-factor model of the OBQ-44 that specified 3 separate, yet correlated factors (Responsibility/Threat Estimation, Perfectionism/Certainty, and Importance/Control of Thoughts). Despite evidence that the OBQ-44 consists of a general factor and the 3 specific factors, structural equation modeling showed that only the general factor uniquely predicted a broad OCD symptom latent factor in clinical and nonclinical samples. Although obsessive beliefs about Perfectionism/Certainty did predict symmetry and ordering symptoms of OCD when controlling for the general factor in both studies, the general factor was a more robust predictor of specific OCD symptoms than the 3 factors. These findings suggest that the general factor of the OBQ-44 may have more utility than its specific factors in predicting the heterogeneity of OCD symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Fantasy, gender and power in Jessica Jones

ABSTRACTThe ABC/Marvel Television fantasy series Jessica Jones, aired in 2015 and 2018, is the first television series in the Marvel Cinematic Universe both to be made specifically for an adult audience and to feature a female superhero as a lead character. It is also notable for having a female showrunner, Melissa Rosenberg, women writers or co-writers, and, in its second season, all women directors. Wielding an innovative generic blend of noir crime thriller and superhero fantasy, the series adapts its graphic fiction sources to foreground Jones as the central character. Its tightly interwoven plot lines, witty dialogue and richly crafted visual narrative address themes of trauma, power and responsibility. Krysten Ritter features as the cynical superhuman who struggles to reconcile her strength and agility with vulnerability to psycho-sexual abuse after being abducted by the purple-clad mind control monster, Kilgrave (David Tennant). Referring to theories of coercive control and gender stereotyping in contemporary screen narrative, this article will discuss how Season One of Jessica Jones engages feminist approaches to television narrative by challenging conventional representations of the female superhero in the lead-up to the #MeToo era, and opening up possibilities for women in the realm of the fantastic as actors, writers and producers.

Feature extraction and dynamic identification of drivers’ emotions

Human emotions are the revulsive of intentions. It’s an important premise to identify drivers’ emotions dynamically and correctly for the realization of drivers’ intentions identification, active vehicle security warning and mind control driving. It is also an essential requirement for the microscopic research of traffic flow theory. Taking the car-following condition as an example, multi-source and dynamic data of human-vehicle-environment under drivers’ different emotional states was obtained through emotions induced experiments, actual driving experiments and virtual driving experiments in this paper. The main influencing factors of typical driving emotions were extracted with factor analysis method and emotion identification model was established based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and PAD emotional model. The emotions of joy, anger, sadness and fear can be identified online. The rationality and validity of the emotions feature extraction and identification model were verified through the experiments of actual driving, virtual driving and interactive simulation. The theoretical foundation for the study of emotion guidance mechanism of drivers’ intentions can be provided.

A Study on the Reeducation of Design Specialists by the Construction of Daejeon Regional Design Center

A Study on the Reeducation of Design Specialists by the Construction of Daejeon Regional Design Center

Dr. Richard Leo Report on Sedley Alley

This report by Dr. Richard Leo furnishes an overview of the relevant social science research on the psychology of police interrogation practices and techniques, police-induced false confessions, risk factors for false confession, psychological coercion, police interrogation contamination, and indicia of unreliability. Dr. Leo discusses these issues as they relate to the investigation, interrogations and confession statement of Sedley Alley. Alley was convicted for the rape and murder of Marine Lance Corporal Suzanne Marie Collins in 1985, and he was executed in Tennessee in 2006.

The anatomy of undue influence used by terrorist cults and traffickers to induce helplessness and trauma, so creating false identities

Summary There is a need to update the legal system to recognize the use of hypnosis and undue influence occurring throughout the world. Extremist groups are deceptively recruiting and indoctrinating people to do terrorist attacks. Human traffickers are grooming and using hypnosis and social influence techniques to create labor and sex slaves. In this paper, a number of key concepts and models will be used to more fully define DSM-5's Dissociative Disorder 300.15: Festinger's Cognitive Dissonance Theory, along with Robert Jay Lifton and Margaret Singer's work (1995) are the foundation of the BITE model of mind control (Hassan, 1988). Behavior, Information, Thought, and Emotional Control are the four overlapping components through which destructive groups bring people to be obedient and compliant to authority. A programmed cult identity is created through a complex social influence process. That false identity dominates real identity. The ethics and morality of undue influence are understood differently. In this paper, we analyze the techniques of breaking down the existing personalityand creating a false or pseudo-identity. The Influence Continuum and BITE mind control model and Lifton's eight criteria for Thought Reform are discussed; Scheflin's Social Influence Model (2015) is presented as one tool for analyzing undue influence in a forensic and juridical context. To support the hypothesis presented here, an anonymous online research survey was conducted involving 1033 participants to gather data regarding specific variables of the BITE model, in an effort to develop an instrument that might be useful in determining key aspects of undue influence.

A Study on the In-service Korean Teacher Education to Reinforce Korean Teachers' Competences : Focusing on the Online Re-education Program for Korean Teachers

A Study on the In-service Korean Teacher Education to Reinforce Korean Teachers' Competences : Focusing on the Online Re-education Program for Korean Teachers

SA93 - IMAGING GENETICS TOWARDS A NEW DIAGNOSIS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

Background Current diagnoses of Schizophrenia (SZ) and related psychiatric disorders are catalogued by phenomenological principles and clinical descriptions. Complicated gene and environmental factor interactions likely play an important role in the onset of SZ and induce great heterogeneity. This unclear etiology and heterogeneity prevent the establishing of accurate subgroups within SZ through clinical observation alone; simultaneously, the boundaries among psychiatric disorders previously drawn by phenomenological findings are merging because there is great overlap, especially in genetic variations and brain imaging findings. By characterizing and quantifying brain regions affected in psychiatric disorders, imaging genetics is a valuable research method to fulfill a new diagnostic system. We review contributions of imaging genetics to SZ diagnosis, limitations, and possible future directions. Methods Among numerous imaging genetic studies, we reviewed recent studies with relatively clear and consistent findings. They were either done in task-phase imaging to indicate certain cognitive impairments of SZ, or the genes included were highlighted in SZ itself or an important cognitive domain related to SZ. Results Some pioneering studies contribute to subtypes and disorder boundaries. The clustering study from Arnedo et al. formed correlations between disjoined networks of symptom groups and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sets, and it may be promising for future SZ subtypes. Bipolar-SZ Network on Intermediate Phenotypes studies combining various clinical biomarkers and brain imaging divided SZ, bipolar disorder and schizoaffective disorder into three different “biotypes” regardless original diagnoses, and it provided meaningful insight into the disorder boundaries. For imaging genetics research, large numbers of associations between functional imaging intermediate phenotypes and genes have been found in working memory, episodic memory, emotion, attention, cognitive control, and theory of mind in SZ or healthy risk allele carriers. Such associations were difficult to identify while using structural brains measures. Discussion Imaging genetics will continue to shape the diagnosis of SZ and related disorders. However, there are still problems to solve. Most importantly, the logic behind imaging genetics has been questioned. Franke et al. reminds us the structural brain deficits believed to be important pathological alterations of SZ may reflect prenatal and later development environmental effects not specific to SZ, or the diagnostic category of SZ may not be uniformly organized. The following aspects need future effort. Firstly, more brain measures need to be introduced, and the criteria of intermediate phenotypes should be carefully checked. The specificity of brain alterations will need careful examination in clinical settings. Secondly, more genetic factors need to be collected. Polygenic risk scores, parallel independent component analysis and other clustering method may be promising. Factors other than SNPs, such as copy number variations and regulatory factors will need to be included. Finally, imaging genetics will need compatible phenomenological assessment scales which need not distinguish current diagnoses but provide a comprehensive scan of clinical features.

Efficacy of Sattvavajaya Chikitsa in the form of relaxation techniques and Guda Pippalimula Churna in the management of Anidra (insomnia) - An open labelled, randomized comparative clinical trial.

Background:Condition of insomnia may not be a life-threatening illness, but it has tendency to damage the person’s daily life. In the current era of modernization, most of the person are is suffering from stress either it is personal or professional. Stress may cause sleeping problems or make existing problems worse. Sattvavajaya Chikitsa is a specialized type of treatment influencing the psychological aspect of body. It can be applied in the form of Yogic practices and other mind control techniques. With this research interest, the present study has been undertaken to assess the efficacy of the Sattvavajaya Chikitsa in the form of relaxation techniques (RT) and Guda Pippalimula Churna in Anidra (insomnia).Objectives:The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of Sattvavajaya Chikitsa in the form of RT and Guda Pippalimula Churna in Anidra.Materials and Methods:The study was an open-labeled randomized clinical trial in which sixty patients having symptoms of Anidra belonging to the age group of 20–60 years were enrolled and received Sattvavajaya Chikitsa (RT) and Guda Pippalimula Churna orally in 2gm dosage with jaggery for 28 days. The assessment of symptoms was done on the basis of relief in the scores given to signs and symptoms according to their severity.Results:Both the groups showed significant results in chief as well as associated symptoms of disease. Regarding overall effect of therapy in both the groups, marked improvement is high followed by moderate improvement. No adverse reactions were documented.Conclusion:Sattvavajaya Chikitsa and Guda Pippalimula Churna are effective on Anidra, but Sattvavajaya Chikitsa was found more effective in reducing Manasa symptoms such as Chinta (tension), Bhaya (fear) and Krodha (anger).

Толерантность к неопределенности как регулятор субъектной активности личности

The research considers tolerance to ambiguity as the readiness for successful interaction with the world in the face of accelerating change. From the standpoint of the subjective existential approach, the study analyzes the psychological mechanisms that regulate the ambiguity effectively, i.e. personal harmony and maturity, risk acceptance, optimal continuum assessment, capacity for existence, hardiness, and readiness to be engaged in dialogue. The paper shows the results of an empirical research. The sample included Russian young people (N = 120, M = 23.3 years). The author reveals that intolerant personality is characterized by the low self-regulation, the alienation, the reluctance to rely on social support in hardships, the lack of meaning of life, the incapacity for transcendence and existence, the low hardiness, and the lack of autonomy. These features determine the destructive nature of the subjective activity. The negative subjective activity of intolerant young people increases the risk of mind control and falling under the influence of destructive leaders.

54-66 Aylık Çocuklarda Olumlu Sosyal Yalan Davranışı ile Zihin Kuramı ve Yönetici İşlevlerin Bağlantıları

<div><!--block-->This research examined the relationship between prosocial lie-telling behavior, theory of mind, and executive functions in children aged 54–66 months. The sample consists of 96 children (54 boys, 42 girls) aged 54–66 months (4.5–5.5 years) enrolled at five public schools and private schools in Istanbul. The children’s prosocial lie-telling behavior is tested by the good and bad drawing task and the dissapointing gift paradigm. Two false belief tasks and one appearance-reality task were used to measure theory of mind (ToM). Along with the measures for theory of mind, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhitory control were measured by the dimensional change card sort (DCCS) and day-night Strooplike test, respectively. As a result, there was no significant differences between the children’s cognitive scores (ToM, DCCS, Stroop) and pro-social lying tasks. However, there were significant predictive relationships with the DCCS and the disappointing gift paradigm’s swap condition. When age was controlled, Stroop and prosocial lie-telling in the good and bad drawing task correlated significantly in young children. White-lie-telling scores are differentiated, according to researchers, in older children. Thus, it is thought that social and motivational factors may affects children’s prosocial behavior. In this study, the disappointing gifts paradigm and good and bad drawing tasks were used to measure children’s prosocial lie-telling behavior, and it was discovered that there were quite different values for children’s lying rates.</div>

Emakumezkoaren gernu-inkontinentzia

Emakumezkoetan gernu-inkontinentzia (GI) sarritan agertzen den osasun-arazo bat da, haien bizikalitatea sendo asaldatzen duena; halere, lotsa edota informazio faltagatik ia erdiek ez dute kontsultatzen. Gernu-inkontinentzia mota ezberdinak daude eta horien artean bi dira nagusiak: premiazko gernu-inkontinentzia (PGI) eta estresagatiko gernu-inkontinentzia (EGI). Bai ginekologoak bai urologoak azter dezake arazo hau eta beharrezko ikerketa burutu ondoren tratamendu egokiena ezarri; hasteko teknika kontserbatzaileak erabiltzen dira, zeinak zoru pelbikoko muskuluen indartzean, gernu-maskuriaren heziketan edota eguneroko bizi-ohiturak aldatzean oinarritzen diren. Horiek porrot egiten badute, inkontinentzia motaren arabera tratamendu ezberdinak daude. PGIan tratamendu farmakologikoa erabil dezakegu, antimuskarinikoak edota beta 3 agonista adrenergikoak hain zuzen. EGIaren kasuan, ostera, kirurgiara joko dugu; badaude horretarako hainbat teknika, urteetan zehar hobetuz joan direnak, gaur egun erabiliena uretra azpiko xingolak direlarik, polipropilenozkoak. Xingolen eraginkortasun-tasa altua da, mota ezberdinak daude bakoitza bere berezitasunekin eta horiek ezagutzea ezinbestekoa da pazienteari aholku egokiena emateko. Beraz funtsezkoa da emakumeek jakin dezaten gernu-inkontinentzia ez dela zahartzearen ondorio normal bat eta badaudela horretarako konponbideak.

Neurosciences in Buddhist India

AbstractNeurosciences in Buddhist era was mainly based on power of mind and thoughts. It emphasized mainly about the power of mind, control of thoughts, purification, and modifications of erroneous thought process, which should result in truthful and correct practices and subsequent actions by human beings to remain happy. Buddhism believes that most diseases of human body are secondary to mind and that these can be healed by controlling the erroneous thoughts and practices of Dhamma. Though the treatment for neurologic disorders such as headache, stress, and anxiety was primitive, it was mainly based on purification of mind and righteous pathway of Dhamma followed by medicines, modification in dietary and other living habits, etc. Enough evidence (including operated case-based commentary) shows that cranial surgery was also performed following appropriate diagnosis. The concept of diagnosis, preoperative evaluation, explanation to the patient, operative procedure, perioperative care, and follow-up was also present in that era.

Mental health, violence and psychological coercion among female and male trafficking survivors in the greater Mekong sub-region: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundHuman trafficking is a pervasive global crime with important public health implications that entail fundamental human rights violations in the form of severe exploitation, violence and coercion. Sex-specific associations between types of violence or coercion and mental illness in survivors of trafficking have not been established.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study with 1015 female and male survivors of trafficking (adults, adolescents and children) who received post-trafficking assistance services in Cambodia, Thailand or Vietnam and had been exploited in various labor sectors. We assessed anxiety and depression with the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL-25) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms with the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ), and used validated questions from the World Health Organization International Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence to measure physical and sexual violence. Sex-specific modified Poisson regression models were estimated to obtain prevalence ratios (PRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between violence (sexual, physical or both), coercion, and mental health conditions (anxiety, depression and PTSD).ResultsAdjusted models indicated that for females, experiencing both physical and sexual violence, compared to not being exposed to violence, was a strong predictor of symptoms of anxiety (PR = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.64–2.64), PTSD (PR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.37–1.74), and depression (PR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.33–1.85). Among males, experiencing physical violence with additional threats made with weapons, compared to not being exposed to violence, was associated with PTSD (PR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.05–2.42) after adjustment. Coercion during the trafficking experience was strongly associated with anxiety, depression, and PTSD in both females and males. For females in particular, exposure to both personal and family threats was associated with a 96% elevated prevalence of PTSD (PR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.32–2.91) and more than doubling of the prevalence of anxiety (PR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.57–2.83).ConclusionsThe experiences of violence and coercion in female and male trafficking survivors differed and were associated with an elevated prevalence of anxiety, depression, and PTSD in both females and males. Mental health services must be an integral part of service provision, recovery and re-integration for trafficked females and males.

GREEN INDEXING OF HISAR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES

Abstract. Urban Green Space (UGS) enhances the structure of the landscape of a city. It provides economic, social and health benefits to the inhabitants. Rapid urbanization and increase in population has put extreme pressure on urban green spaces. Therefore, mapping of urban green spaces is important to facilitate the urban planning sustainably. This study has been taken up to map the UGS in the Hisar Municipal Corporation (HMC) area of Haryana State constituting an area of 4197.32 ha using high resolution LISS-IV data of November, 2017. Three different methods namely (a) Onscreen Digitization (b) Support Vector Machine-based classification (SVM) and (c) Multi Resolution Segmentation (MRS) have been tested to extract the green spaces. The onscreen digitization method has been considered as best method as compared to SVM and MRS because of the intervention of human mind and full control on manual editing. The SVM under estimated the green space for HMC with average relative deviation of 15%. However, it extracted the green area precisely without mixing of open spaces. MRS have given good results in terms of total area (relative deviation was 5%), however, spatial distribution of green spaces have been mixed with open spaces. The study identified the green index of HMC and suggested the suitability and sustainability of the city based on World Health Organization (WHO) defined standards. Green space for Hisar Municipal Corporation was 1690.96 ha with average urban green space index of 0.40. Per capita green cover for HMC was 9.69 m2/inhabitant, which is as per the standard reported by WHO i.e. 9 m2/inhabitant. Further study may suggest some other algorithm for better results and automatic green space extraction.

Differentiating guilt and shame in an interpersonal context with univariate activation and multivariate pattern analyses

Guilt and shame are usually evoked during interpersonal interactions. However, no study has compared guilt and shame processing under such circumstances. In the present study, we investigated guilt and shame in an interpersonal context using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Behaviorally, participants reported more “guilt” when their wrong advice caused a confederate's economic loss, whereas they reported more “shame” when their wrong advice were correctly refused by the confederate. The fMRI results showed that both guilt and shame activated regions related to the integration of theory of mind and self-referential information (dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, dmPFC) and to the emotional processing (anterior insula). Guilt relative to shame activated regions linked with theory of mind (supramarginal gyrus and temporo-parietal junction) and cognitive control (orbitofrontal cortex/ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). Shame relative to guilt revealed no significant results. Using multivariate pattern analysis, we demonstrated that in addition to the regions found in the univariate activation analysis, the ventral anterior cingulate cortex and dmPFC could also distinguish guilt and shame. These results do not only echo previous studies of guilt and shame using recall and imagination paradigms but also provide new insights into the psychological and neural mechanisms of guilt and shame.

Women in Medicine: Addressing the Gender Gap in Interventional Cardiology

Past research demonstrates that unconscious primes can affect people’s decisions. However, these free choice priming paradigms present participants with very few alternatives. Magicians’ forcing techniques provide a powerful tool to investigate how natural implicit primes can unconsciously influence decisions with multiple alternatives. We used video and live performances of the mental priming force. This technique uses subtle nonverbal and verbal conversational primes to influence spectators to choose the three of diamonds. Our results show that a large number of participants chose the target card while reporting feeling free and in control of their choice. Even when they were influenced by the primes, participants typically failed to give the reason for their choice. These results show that naturally embedding primes within a person’s speech and gestures effectively influenced people’s decision making. This raises the possibility that this form of mind control could be used to effectively manipulate other mental processes.

Entrenamiento mental breve en adolescentes con trastorno alimentario no especificado que presentan hábitos exigentes de actividad física

El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue examinar el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento mental breve sobre el estado afectivo, las actitudes hacia la alimentación y los niveles de actividad física en adolescentes diagnosticadas con Trastorno Alimentario No Especificado que practicaban una rutina exigente de actividad física. Una muestra de ocho mujeres adolescentes chilenas de 15-17 años de edad realizó un programa de entrenamiento mental breve durante ocho semanas una sesión por semana: 1) Conocimiento y establecimiento de objetivos; 2) Focalización y toma de conciencia mental y corporal; 3) Autocontrol psicobiológico; 4) Reposicionamiento del locus de control; 5) Autogestión y control de los pensamientos; 6-7) Re-focalización y reencuadre motivacional, y 8) Generalización y enfoque responsable de la voluntad. El Inventario de Depresión de Beck, el Cuestionario de Actitudes ante la Alimentación EAT–26 y una entrevista breve sobre los niveles de práctica y motivos de actividad física, se aplicaron antes y después del programa. Los resultados reflejan una influencia favorable del programa en la mejora del estado afectivo, de las actitudes hacia la alimentación y hacia la actividad física en las adolescentes intervenidas. Un programa de entrenamiento mental breve sería recomendable como complemento terapéutico en adolescentes con tales características.

Care to Share? Children's Cognitive Skills and Concealing Responses to a Parent.

Children begin to use methods of concealment to achieve interpersonal goals at an early age, and the ability to conceal information requires cognitive skills to be effective. Despite research on children's lie telling, there is little known about the "spectrum" of concealment methods that children use, which can range from full disclosures to active concealment through the use of deception. This study focused on children's use of concealment methods in a prosocial situation, in relation to their cognitive ability. Children aged 4-11years (N=106) completed several cognitive activities that measured theory of mind (ToM), working memory, and inhibitory control with an experimenter and created a surprise gift for a parent. After the activities were complete, children were told to keep the surprise gift a secret until it was ready, then they were sent back to their parents, who questioned them about their activities. Children were coded based on their concealment behavior (full disclosers, partial concealers, passive concealers, and active concealers) in response to their parents' questions. A discriminant function analysis indicated that age and children's cognitive scores (first-order ToM, second-order ToM, and working memory) differentiated between children who disclosed the secret about the surprise gift and children who used partial-to-active concealment methods to keep the secret. Results suggest that younger children, and children with lower ToM and working memory were more likely to disclose the secret. Findings suggest that children employ various methods of concealment to keep a prosocial secret from a parent and that higher cognitive ability is associated with the tendency to use concealment methods in social interactions.

Multiple Relations Among Thought Control Strategies and Symptoms of Personality Disorders with Nightmare

Multiple Relations Among Thought Control Strategies and Symptoms of Personality Disorders with Nightmare