With the development of social economy, the demand for transportation is also growing. High-speed railway has become an important part of the transportation system. It is not only an inevitable requirement for the development of the national economy, but also an important support for the implementation of the national strategy. Therefore, whether the high-speed train can operate smoothly and safely is related to the passenger’s life and health and property safety. This requires accurate control of the automatic operation of the high-speed train during the driving process. At present, China’s research on the automatic operation control of high-speed trains is still in its infancy. The problems of traction and brake system actuator failures that may occur during long-term running of trains can be solved by artificial neural network-based modeling methods. The automatic operation control algorithm of high-speed train running process is established. The self-correcting control strategy based on artificial neural network is used to realize the speed tracking of high-speed trains. The high-speed train visual simulation system is established by virtual reality technology and verified on the artificial neural network platform. The effectiveness of the proposed automatic operation control method.