Control Of European Corn Borer Research Articles

Control of European Corn Borer on Early Sweet Corn, 1987

Abstract This study was performed on the University of New Hampshire Kingman Farm, Madbury, N.H., and used 'Honeymoon' sweet corn that was planted 7 May. Each plot consisted of a single 30-ft row of corn, and each treatment was replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. The spray treatments were applied using an R&D CO2-pressurized (40 psi) single-nozzle hand-held sprayer that delivered 14.4 gal/acre. The granular treatment was applied by hand. All applications were directed into the whorls when the corn plants were in the late whorl-pretassel stage and showed signs of European corn borer leaf feeding injury. Two spray spplications were made 5 days apart; the granular treatment received a single application. Evaluation for the percentage of injured tassels was made on 24 Jul. The percentage of injured stalks and ears was determined at harvest time (6 Aug) by examining all the plants in each treatment.

First-Generation European Corn Borer Control with Ground, Aerial, and Center Pivot Applications, 1987

Abstract Insecticide trials were established at 3 locations in South Dakota. The experimental design for 2 ground trials was a randomized complete block with 4 replications at Redfield and 3 replications at Beresford. Individual plots were single-row treatments 30 m long for the ground trials. A center pivot trial was conducted at Redfield and an aerial study was established at Armour. Ten plants with shot-hole injury midrib feeding, or both, were evaluated per replicate from each treatment for the ground trial locations. Damage was measured on the basis of one cavity equaling 2.5 cm of tunneling. Four sites were chosen randomly from within the aerial and center pivot treatments, and 10 plants/site were evaluated for damage. Experimental and registered products were tested at Redfield and Beresford. Pioneer 3475 was planted at a seeding rate of 60,540 seeds/ha on 22 Apr at Beresford. Granular materials were applied with a pneumatic applicator powered by a 3.5-horsepower engine mounted on a high-clearance ground applicator. Insecticide was metered by Noble metering units that were chain driven by a 12 V DC motor. Insecticide was banded (20 cm) over the whorl. Liquid insecticides were applied with a backpack sprayer. One 1.5 LE Even Flat Nozzle/row, pressurized at 15 psi was used to apply 19.5 gal/acre at 3.5 mph. All insecticides were applied at Beresford on 26 Jun. Stalks were split on 3 Aug and damage measured. Pioneer 3737 was planted at a seeding rate of 63,500/ha on 1 May at Redfield. Insecticides were applied on 29 Jun at Redfield. Plants were evaluated for injury on 4 Aug. Pioneer 3901 was planted at a seeding rate of 73,388/ha on 1 May at the center pivot trial in Redfield. Insecticides were injected with a Northern chemigation unit into a Valley electric drive center pivot irrigation system from 26 to 27 Jun. Plants were evaluated for damage on 4 Aug. Two irrigation rates of 0.53 and 2.5 cm water/day were used. The aerial trial was conducted at Armour. Dekalb 1100 was planted on 28 Apr at a rate of 63,010 seeds/ha. Insecticides were applied on 26 Jun with a fixed-wing aircraft in single swath treatments 13.7 × 402 m long. Stalks were split on 3 Aug and damage assessed.

First-Generation European Corn Borer Control Via Ground, Chemigation, and Aerial Applications, 1986

Abstract Studies I, II, and III were established in cornfields near Armour and Redfleld, S. Dak. Study IV was established in 2 adjacent fields near Chamberlain. Treatments in studies I and II were randomized in a complete block design with 3 replications and all treatments were ground applied in one-row plots (0.97-m centers), 30 m long. Applications were made on 25 Jun at Armour and on 1 Jul at Redfleld. The granular materials (Study I) were applied from a highboy in a 20-cm band over the whorl with a pneumatic applicator powered by a 3.5-horsepower engine. Granules were metered by Noble metring units driven via chain Irive by a 12 V DC motor. Liquid materials (Study II) were applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer with a hand-held wand. One 1.5 LE nozzle/row delivered 19.5 gal/acre at 15 psi and 3.5 mph. The treatments in Study III were applied through center pivot systems on 26 Jun (Armour) and 4 Jul (Redfleld). A Zimmatic low-pressure irrigation system delivering 0.25 inches of water was used at Armour, and a Valley low-pressure system delivering 0.20 inches of water was used at Redfleld. Treatments (not replicated) consisted of different sized wedges (6-40 acres) of the pivot circle. The treatments in Study IV were applied aerially with a fixed-wing aircraft on 26 Jun. All treatments were applied in 2 adjacent fields and analyzed as 2 replicates of a single experiment. Granular treatments were at least 2 aerial swath widths wide (27 m), and liquid treatments were a single swath in width (15 m). All treatments covered the entire length of the field (minimum 3 acres). Liquid treatments were applied using 3 gal/acre of carrier. Plots from all studies were evaluated 1 month after treatment. Studies I and II were evaluated by splitting stalks from 10 plants showing leaf feeding in each plot and rep. These plants were examined for European corn borer (ECB) cavities (2.5 cm of tunneling equals one cavitiy). Studies III and IV were evaluated by splitting 10 leaf-damaged plants for ECB navities in each of 5 areas within each treatment area.

Evaluation of Insecticides for Second-Generation European Corn Borer Control in Pennsylvania, 1987

Abstract Four nsecticide treatments were evaluated at the Southeastern Field Research Laboratory near Landisville, Pa., for efficacy on the second generation of ECB. Corn plots were planted on 26 May at 24,000 plants/acre. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications of 5 treatments was used. Corn plots were 1 rows (30-inch spacing) by 50 ft. Chemical treatments were timed by sampling egg masses to determine the period of peak egg laying. Treatments were applied on 4 Aug, approximately 1 wk after peak egg deposition. Granular applications were applied in a 7-inch band over the row using Gandy® applicators mounted on a high-clearance sprayer. Plots were evaluated on 24 Sept by dissecting 20 consecutive plants/plot (from one of the center rows) and counting .he number of surviving ECB larvae/plant. Plot yields were estimated by harvesting and weighing ears from 20 consecutive plants (from the remaining center row).

Evaluation of Insecticides for First-Generation European Corn Borer Control in Pennsylvania, 1987

Abstract Seven insecticide treatments were evaluated during 1987 at the Southeastern Field Research Laboratory near Landisville for efficacy on first-brood (ECB). Corn plots were planted on 1 May at 24,000 plants/acre. A randomized complete block design with 6 replications of 8 treatments was used. Corn plots were 4 rows (30-inch spacing) by 50 ft. Chemical treatments were timed by sampling egg masses to determine the period of peak egg laying. Treatments were applied on 23 Jun, approximately 1 wk after peak egg deposition. Granular applications were applied in a 7-inch band over the row using Gandy® applicators mounted on a draw bar. Liquid applications were applied using a backpack sprayer adjusted to 30 psi and delivering 26 gal/acre through flat-fan nozzles (LFH, 80- degree). Plots were evaluated on 21 Jul by dissecting 20 consecutive plants/plot (from one of the center rows) and counting the number of surviving ECB larvae/plant. Yields were not taken in the trial because of uneven stand density, small differences in infestation level, and low numbers of ECB larvae/plant.

First-Generation European Corn Borer Control in Field Corn, 1987

Abstract Seven insecticidal treatments were examined to determine their efficacy in controlling primarily first-generation (second-generation also evaluated) European corn borer (ECB) in conventionally planted field corn grown on the Vernon Delano Farm in Richmond County, Va. 'Pioneer 3389' corn was planted on a 36-inch row spacing on 28 Apr. Materials were applied either as foliar sprays or granular applications on 9 Jun. Foliar spray concentrates were applied with a CO2-powered compressed-air sprayer, using TeeJet AL8004 nozzels, at 32 psi that delivered 31.8 gal of finished formulation/acre. Granular insecticides were applied directly in the whorl by using a Spred-rite gravity flow granular applicator. Individual plots were 4 rows by 30 ft with 2-row borders and were arranged in a complete randomized block experimental design with 3 replications. Individual plots were evaluated 8 days after treatment and then periodically throughout the remainder of the growing season. All plants in 30 row-ft were inspected for the presence of ECB feeding damage, and 5 random plants/plot were split and observed for the presence of live ECB larvae on 22 Jun. Yield estimates were obtained by harvesting 1 of the 2 center rows of each plot. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture.

Insecticide Tolerance of Ground- and Foliage-dwelling Spiders (Araneae) in European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Action Sites1

Spider fauna was sampled in 1983 and 1984 from action sites of adult European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner). The ground-dwelling spider community was best characterized as a hunting guild and consisted primarily of Lycosidae, Thomisidae, and Gnaphosidae. A gnaphosid species, Gnaphosa parvula Banks, is a new state record for Iowa. Total ground spiders reached greatest numbers by June and declined thereafter. The foliage-dwelling spider community was characterized as both an orb-web guild and a hunting guild. Tetragnathidae, Araneidae, Salticidae, Thomisidae, and Oxyopidae accounted for 89% of the foliage-inhabiting spiders. Effects of carbaryl and fenvalerate applied for adult ECB control were tested on the spider fauna in action sites. Spider populations were generally not affected, except for the foliage spider family, Tetragnathidae, whose numbers were significantly reduced for 28 d in 1984 in treated action sites. It is suggested that beneficial spider populations, particularly ground-dwellers, could be protected from adverse effects of insecticide treatments if treatment was timed to miss peak densities and the application was primarily directed at the upper foliage canopy

Impact of Insecticides on Composition and Abundance of Ground-dwelling Insect Fauna in Adult European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Action Sites in Iowa1

A study was undertaken to determine species composition and seasonal abundance of ground-dwelling insects associated with European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), adult action sites and to determine impact of adult ECB control on nontarget insects in these sites. A total of 24,497 ground-dwelling insects was collected during the 2-yr study. Coleoptera, Orthoptera, and Homoptera accounted for 98% of the total insect fauna. Three predator species were abundant in ECB action sites: Evarthrus alterans Casey, Pterostichus chalcites (Say), and Harpalus pennsylvanicus DeGeer. Carbaryl (2.26 kg [AI]/ha) or fenvalerate (0.1 kg [AI]/ha) applied for adult ECB control had minimal impact on the ground-dwelling insect community. Predator populations were not affected. Role of action sites as a source of predators for Iowa cornfields is also discussed.

Control of European Corn Borer on Sweet Corn, 1986

Abstract Sweet corn was planted 2 Jun at the University of Minnesota, Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount MN. Treatments were 1 row, 50 ft long, replicated 3 times, in a randomized block design. Plants were spaced at 7-8 inch intervals within rows 30 inches apart. Twenty-five first instar European corn borer larvae were placed in the silks of all ears 5 Aug. Experimental treatments were separated by 1 row of corn, untreated and not artificially infested with ECB. Insecticidal treatments were applied 2 times, 4 and 12 Aug. Foliar sprays were applied using a C02 powered hand sprayer delivering 36 gal of water/acre at 35 psi. Granular treatments were hand applied using a “shaker” in a 12 inch band over the silks. Evaluations were made 20 Aug by scoring 35 randomly selected ears per plot for presence of ECB damage to the ear.

Foliar Sprays for Control of European Corn Borer in Bell Peppers, 1986

Abstract Lady Bell’ peppers were seeded in the greenhouse on 14 Mar and transplanted to a Sassafras sandy loam field on 19 May. Plots consisted of a single row of peppers, 25-ft long and 5-ft wide; a guard row buffered each treatment row. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Foliar sprays were applied with a self-propelled, high-clearance boom sprayer equipped with a drop nozzle on either side of the row and one centered over the row calibrated to deliver 60 gal/acre at 40 psi operated at 2 mph. Treatments were applied on 9, 15, 23, 30 Jul; 6, 15, 22, 29 Aug; 5, 12, 19 and 26 Sep. Mixed red and green commercial peppers were harvested on 25 Jul; 5, 21 Aug; 4 and 30 Sep. Peppers were counted, weighed and split open to determine % European corn borer infestation.

Control of European Corn Borer on Early Sweet Corn, 1986

Abstract This study was performed on the Hugh Tuttle Farm, Dover, NH and utilized ‘Senaca Star’ sweet corn that was planted 30 Apr. Each plot consisted of a single 30 ft row of corn and each treatment was replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied using a B&G C02 pressurized (35 psi) single nozzle hand-held sprayer that delivered 14.4 gal/acre. The granular treatments were applied by hand. All applications were directed into the whorls when the corn plants showed signs of European corn borer leaf feeding injury and before tassels began to emerge from the whorls. Two spray applications were made 5-days apart while the granular treatments were applied once. Evaluations for % injured stalks and ears were made at harvest time (28 Jul) by examining all the plants in each treatment.

European Corn Borer Control in Sweet Peppers, 1986

Abstract Trials were conducted at Rock Springs, Centre County, PA. ‘Sweet Green Bell’ peppers were transplanted 16 Jun 12 inches apart. Row spacing was 3 ft. Plots were 4 rows wide X 25 ft long separated with 1 border row arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. On 26 Jul the field was seeded with 860 European corn borer (ECB) egg masses—36/plot. Insecticides were applied with a C02 Bak-Pak sprayer equipped with drop nozzles delivering 32 gal/acre at 22 psi. Insecticides were applied 15, 22, and 29 Aug. Peppers were harvested on 11 Sep at which time 25 fruit were selected from each plot and examined for ECB infestation. Rainfall totalled 3.75 inches for Jun, 5.00 inches for Jul, 2.18 inches for Aug, and 4.94 inches for Sep. Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures (°F) were 84 and 39 for Jun, 91 and 51 for Jul, 83 and 45 for Aug, and 82 and 41 for Sep, respectively.

European Corn Borer Control in Sweet Corn, 1982

Abstract Insecticide treatments were applied to sweet corn in Fargo, ND. Each treatment was replicated 3 times in a completely randomized test. Plots consisted of 3 rows of sweet com approximately 27 m long. There were 2 guard rows on the edges of the field. Treatments were applied to the center row in each plot. Ten days prior to insecticide application, 25 plants in the center of each row were marked for treatment and infested with corn borer egg masses (in the black head stage) supplied by the Corn Insects Research Laboratory, Ankeny, Iowa. The treatments were applied in the whorl of the corn plants in late Jul. Analyses are based on data from examination of ears (harvest) and stalks (fall) for borer larvae. Analyses of variance and Duncans Multiple Range Tests were conducted with borer counts from ears, stalks and ears and stalks combined. Data were transformed by .

European Corn Borer Control in Sweet Corn, 1983

Abstract Granular and wettable powder formulations of Broot and Furadan were applied to sweet corn for European corn borer control at Fargo, ND. The granules were applied to the whorl of the plant and wettable formulations were applied to the foliage. Hand sprayers and metal salt shakers were used to dispense sprays and granules respectively. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Each plot consisted of a single row of sweet corn 100 ft long. There were guard rows between the treated rows and on the edges of the field. Treatments were applied in late Jul. Larvae in 10 dissected corn stalks per replicate were counted in late Sep.

First Generation European Corn Borer Control in Field Corn, 1986

Abstract Ten insecticidal treatments were examined to determine their efficacy primarily on first generation (second generation also evaluated) European corn borers (ECB) in conventionally planted field corn grown on the Bobby Yeatman Farm in Richmond County, VA. 'Southern States 3389' corn was planted on a 36-inch row spacing on 19 Apr '86. Materials were applied either as foliar sprays or granular applications on 6 Jun '86. Foliar spray concentrates were applied with a CO2-powered compressed air sprayer, using AL8002 nozzles, at 32.8 psi that delivered 32.6 gal of finished formulation per acre. Granular insecticides were applied directly in the whorl by using a Spredrite gravity flow granular applicator. Plots were 4 rows by 30 feet with 2-row borders and were arranged in a complete randomized block experimental design with 3 replications. Individual plots were evaluated 7-, 13-, and 20-days after treatment, and then periodially throughout the remainder of the growing season. All plants in 30 row-feet were inspected for the presence of ECB feeding damage plus 5 random plants per plot were split and observed for the presence of live ECB larvae. Yield estimates were obtained by harvesting 30 ft of one of the center rows.

Valuation of Insecticides for Second Generation European Corn Borer Control in Pennsylvania, 1986

Abstract Six insecticide treatments were evaluated during 1986 at the Southeastern Field Research Laboratory near Landisville, PA for efficacy on second brood European corn borer. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications of 7 treatments was used. Corn plots were 4 rows (30-inch spacing) by 50 ft. Chemical treatments were timed by sampling egg masses to determine the period of peak egg laying. Treatments were applied on 30 Jul, approximately 1 week after peak egg deposition. Granular applications were applied in a 7-inch band over the row using Gandy® applicators mounted on a high clearance sprayer. Plots were evaluated on 26 Sep by dissecting 20 consecutive plants/plot (from one of the center rows) and counting the number of surviving ECB larvae/plant. Yields were not taken in the trial because of uneven stand density and small differences in infestation level. Over 10 inches of rain was recorded between 1 Aug and 1 Sep at the field research laboratory.

Evaluation of Several Insecticides for Control of a Univoltine Population Of European Corn Borer in Pennsylvania, 1986

Abstract No-till corn plots, 4 rows (30-inch row spacing) × 25 ft, were established using a randomized complete block design to evaluate the efficacy of insecticides used for European corn borer control. Eight chemical treatments and an untreated plot were randomly assigned to corn plots within each of the 6 blocks. Chemical treatments were timed by sampling ECB egg masses to estimate the period of peak egg deposition. Treatments were applied on 30 Jun when the majority of egg masses were in the blackhead stage. Granular formulations were applied in a 7-inch band over the rows using Gandy® granular applicators mounted on a high clearance tractor. Treatment plots were evaluated on 9 Sep by dissecting 20 consecutive plants/plot (from one of the center rows) and counting the number of surviving ECB larvae/plant. Plots were harvested on 13 Nov from 120 row-ft (three center rows) using a 3-row harvester. Yield from each plot was adjusted to bu/acre and a 15.5% moisture content.

Field Corn, European Corn Borer Control, 1986

Abstract Fourteen in-whorl insecticide treatments were evaluated for first brood European corn borer control at Highland Rim Experiment Station (HRES), Springfield, and Tobacco Experiment Station (TES), Greeneville. Corn was planted at HRES on 8 Apr and at TES on 11 Apr. Plots were 15 ft × 5 rows at HRES and 30 ft × 3 rows at TES. Rows were spaced 38 inches apart. Plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Blocks were separated by 5 ft alleys. Plant population was 50 plants/30 row ft. Insecticides were applied on 10 Jun at TES when 68% of the plants were infested (average 5.5 larvae/plant) and on 17 Jun at HRES when 33% of the plants were infested (average 1.4 larvae/plant). Granular insecticides were applied with shaker jars. Liquid formulations were applied using 2.5 gal compressed C02 sprayers at 30 gal/acre. Newly damaged whorls were counted on 19 Jun at TES and 30 Jun at HRES. Grain yield was measured on 18 Sep at HRES (16.7% moisture) and on 21 Oct at TES (15.8%). Soil type at TES was Minvale-Landisburg silt loam and at HRES was Dixon silt loam.

Field Corn, Post-Emergence Treatments for European Corn Borer Control, 1986

Abstract Two granular insecticides were evaluated in Montgomery Co, VA, for control of the European corn borer in no-till field corn when applied 9 and 15 weeks post-planting. Pioneer 3233 field corn was planted no-till in 30 inch rows (over winter rye cover crop) on 4 Apr. Plots were established in a randomized complete block design 4 rows × 50 ft × 4 replicates per treatment. The insecticides were applied with a hand-held applicator over the tops of the rows. A tank mix (paraquat, atrazine, simazine, metolachlor, and 30% liquid nitrogen) was applied the day of planting. The insecticides were applied 6 Jun to 22 Jul. One application was made over each row, assuring uniform coverage. The European corn borer damage per plot was estimated by counting the number of tunnels in 10 plants taken from the 2 center rows of each plot on 19 Sep. Yield data was collected by harvesting the whole ears, as for grain, from 40 row ft from the 2 center rows on 10 Oct. Damage and yield data were subjected to analysis of variance (P = 0.05).

Control of First-generation European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Larvae in Nebraska by Applying Insecticides by Center-pivot Irrigation Systems

In whorl-stage field corn, applications of chlorpyrifos 4 emulsifiable concentrate (EC), fenvalerate 2.4EC, and permethrin 3.2EC significantly reduced numbers of first generation European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), larvae compared with the untreated check when applied through circular overhead center-pivot irrigation systems with minimal irrigation water (0.58–0.86 cm). Only chlorpyrifos was evaluated all 3 years of the experiment (1982–84). Corn yields were taken in 1983 and all insecticide-treated plots showed significantly greater yields than the untreated check plot. Experiments conducted in 1983 with chlorpyrifos showed satisfactory efficacy when water rate was increased to 2 cm and when insecticide was prediluted to a ratio of 1 part chlorpyrifos/1 part oil/14 parts water to allow use of a high volume injector pump commonly used for fertigation.