Control Mechanisms Research Articles

The Spectacle of Invisibility: Vanishing Points and the Spatialised Legal Violence of the UK’s Expanding Quasi-Carceral Geography of Immigration Control

ABSTRACT Increasingly, irregularized migrants are pushed to rely on more and more clandestine means in attempts to reach so-called safe havens in Europe and elsewhere. Often, these actions are necessitated by governments instituting ever-more hostile and violent mechanisms of immigration control. Taking as its focus key developments in the UK’s morphing and expanding ‘quasi-carceral geography’ of immigration control, this paper considers some of these developments alongside Derek Gregory’s incisive essay titled analysis of ‘vanishing points’. The paper examines how the spectacular and invisible are instrumentalized simultaneously to produce spatialised legal vanishing points in the UK and beyond by scrutinising three distinct yet interconnected sites where vanishing points materialise, each successively more proximate to UK geographical terrain. Specifically, I examine the multi-scalar legal contestations that surrounded the UK-Rwanda Agreement; the invisibility and tactical ambiguities of juxtaposed border controls in Northern France; and the downgrading of rights, responsibilities, and accountability in amended rules for the accommodation of irregular migrant arrivals, focusing on the former military barracks of Manston, Kent, UK. Drawing on Gregory’s analysis as a framework, the paper traces the significance not only of law’s presence or suspension but also its application, morphing, and contestation within these sites – and more generally – for the emergence and functioning of a continuum of extra-territorial, ambiguous, discretionary, violent spaces where possibilities for sanctuary, safe haven, or security are continually deferred or denied amidst the spectacular invisibility and persistent spatialised legal vanishing points.

Understanding the mechanisms of change in social norms around tobacco use: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions.

Tobacco use spreads through social networks influencing social norms around tobacco use. However, the social norms scholarship is extremely diverse and occasionally conflicting, complicating efforts to understand how best to leverage social norms to reduce tobacco use. This study systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed this vast terrain by focusing on social norms measurement and mechanism, and intervention effectiveness and modality aimed at changing social norms around tobacco use and actual tobacco use. We searched Scopus, PubMed, PsycInfo, Clinicaltrials.gov, ProQuest Dissertations, the Cochrane Trial Registry, as well as the websites of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, the Open Science Framework, medrXiv and the Truth Initiative for experimental and quasi-experimental evaluation studies of interventions designed to shift tobacco use. We included studies written in English from inception to 30 May 2024. We only included studies which noted social norms or social influence as part of the intervention design or set of measured variables. We excluded studies with only one time point, without an intervention being evaluatedand those not published in English. Study screening followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and was conducted by at least two independent reviewers who resolved discrepancies through discussion and consensus. All included studies were analyzed in a narrative synthesis, and those providing sufficient statistics for tobacco and social norms outcomes were included in meta-analyses, which were performed separately for tobacco outcomes and social norms outcomes. Study outcomes were transformed into a standardized mean difference (Hedges' g) and several meta-regressions were fit to explore sources of heterogeneity using a robust variance estimation specification to handle effect size dependency. A total of 95 studies met inclusion criteria for the narrative synthesis, 200 effect sizes from 86 studies were included in the tobacco outcomes meta-analysis, and 66 effect sizes from 29 studies were included in the social norms outcomes meta-analysis. Nearly 90% of included studies were conducted in high-income settings, with the remainder conducted in middle-income settings. No studies were conducted in Latin America or on the African continent. Social norms change interventions had a statistically significant effect on reducing tobacco use and pro-tobacco social normative perceptions [g = 0.233, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.166, 0.301, P < 0.001 and g = 0.292, 95% CI = 0.090, 0.494, P = 0.007, respectively]. Interventions were commonly conducted among schoolchildren in classrooms through multicomponent education sessions, often coupled with regular 'booster' sessions over time. Among adult populations, motivational interviewing and other counselling approaches were used in some cases, and few interventions leveraged digital technologies to change social norms. Social norms change interventions appear to be effective for reducing tobacco use and pro-tobacco social normative perceptions. In particular, leveraging role models appears to be the most effective social norms change mechanisms for tobacco control.

Visualizing conformance control mechanisms in high-temperature reservoirs: a microfluidic analysis of Pickering emulsified gel systems

Visualizing conformance control mechanisms in high-temperature reservoirs: a microfluidic analysis of Pickering emulsified gel systems

Bayesian inference of state feedback control parameters for fo perturbation responses in cerebellar ataxia.

Behavioral speech tasks have been widely used to understand the mechanisms of speech motor control in typical speakers as well as in various clinical populations. However, determining which neural functions differ between typical speakers and clinical populations based on behavioral data alone is difficult because multiple mechanisms may lead to the same behavioral differences. For example, individuals with cerebellar ataxia (CA) produce atypically large compensatory responses to pitch perturbations in their auditory feedback, compared to typical speakers, but this pattern could have many explanations. Here, computational modeling techniques were used to address this challenge. Bayesian inference was used to fit a state feedback control (SFC) model of voice fundamental frequency (fo) control to the behavioral pitch perturbation responses of speakers with CA and typical speakers. This fitting process resulted in estimates of posterior likelihood distributions for five model parameters (sensory feedback delays, absolute and relative levels of auditory and somatosensory feedback noise, and controller gain), which were compared between the two groups. Results suggest that the speakers with CA may proportionally weight auditory and somatosensory feedback differently from typical speakers. Specifically, the CA group showed a greater relative sensitivity to auditory feedback than the control group. There were also large group differences in the controller gain parameter, suggesting increased motor output responses to target errors in the CA group. These modeling results generate hypotheses about how CA may affect the speech motor system, which could help guide future empirical investigations in CA. This study also demonstrates the overall proof-of-principle of using this Bayesian inference approach to understand behavioral speech data in terms of interpretable parameters of speech motor control models.

Neural Circuit Remodeling: Mechanistic Insights from Invertebrates

As nervous systems mature, neural circuit connections are reorganized to optimize the performance of specific functions in adults. This reorganization of connections is achieved through a remarkably conserved phase of developmental circuit remodeling that engages neuron-intrinsic and neuron-extrinsic molecular mechanisms to establish mature circuitry. Abnormalities in circuit remodeling and maturation are broadly linked with a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. Here, we aim to provide an overview of recent advances in our understanding of the molecular processes that govern neural circuit remodeling and maturation. In particular, we focus on intriguing mechanistic insights gained from invertebrate systems, such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We discuss how transcriptional control mechanisms, synaptic activity, and glial engulfment shape specific aspects of circuit remodeling in worms and flies. Finally, we highlight mechanistic parallels across invertebrate and mammalian systems, and prospects for further advances in each.

Designing a Bidirectional Power Flow Control Mechanism for Integrated EVs in PV-Based Grid Systems Supporting Onboard AC Charging

This paper investigates the potential use of Electric Vehicles (EVs) to enhance power grid stability through their energy storage and grid-support capabilities. By providing auxiliary services such as spinning reserves and voltage control, EVs can significantly impact power quality metrics. The increasing energy consumption and the global imperative to address climate change have positioned EVs as a viable solution for sustainable transportation. Despite the challenges posed by their variable energy demands and rising numbers, the integration of a smart grid environment with smart charging and discharging protocols presents a promising avenue. Such an environment could seamlessly integrate a large fleet of EVs into the national grid, thereby optimizing load profiles, balancing supply and demand, regulating voltage, and reducing energy generation costs. This study examines the large-scale adoption of EVs and its implications for the power grid, with a focus on State of Charge (SOC) estimation, charging times, station availability, and various charging methods. Through simulations of integrated EV–PV charging profiles, the paper presents a lookup-table-based data estimation approach to assess the impact on power demand and voltage profiles. The findings include multiple charging scenarios and the development of an optimal control unit designed to mitigate the potential adverse effects of widespread EV adoption.

Eye-tracking analysis of attentional disengagement in phobic and non-phobic individuals.

This study investigated threat-related attention biases using a new visual search paradigm with eye tracking, which allows for measuring attentional disengagement in isolation. This is crucial as previous studies have been unable to distinguish between engagement, disengagement, and behavioral freezing. Thirty-three participants (Mage = 28.75 years, SD = 8.98; 21 women) with self-reported specific phobia (spiders, snakes, and pointed objects) and their matched controls (Mage = 28.38 years, SD = 8.66; 21 women) took part in the experiment. The participants were instructed to initially focus on a picture in the center of the screen, then search for a target picture in an outer circle consisting of six images, and respond via a button press whether the object in the target picture was oriented to the left or right. We found that phobic individuals show delayed disengagement and slower decision times compared with non-phobic individuals, regardless of whether the stimulus was threat-related or neutral. These results indicate that phobic individuals tend to exhibit poorer attentional control mechanisms and problems inhibiting irrelevant information. We also confirmed a threat-unrelated shared feature effect with complex stimuli (delayed disengagement when an attended stimulus and an unattended target share common stimulus features). This process might play a role in various experimental setups investigating attentional disengagement that has not yet been considered. These findings are important, as good attentional control may serve as a protective mechanism against anxiety disorders.

CodY controls the SaeR/S two-component system by modulating branched-chain fatty acid synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus.

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive, opportunistic human pathogen that is a leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections and invasive disease worldwide. Virulence in this bacterium is tightly controlled by a network of regulatory factors. One such factor is the global regulatory protein CodY. CodY links branched-chain amino acid sufficiency to the production of surface-associated and secreted factors that facilitate immune evasion and subversion. Our previous work revealed that CodY regulates virulence factor gene expression indirectly in part by controlling the activity of the SaeRS two-component system (TCS). While this is correlated with an increase in membrane anteiso-15:0 and -17:0 branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) derived from isoleucine, the true mechanism of control has remained elusive. Herein, we report that CodY-dependent regulation of SaeS sensor kinase activity requires BCFA synthesis. During periods of nutrient sufficiency, BCFA synthesis and Sae TCS activity are kept relatively low by CodY-dependent repression of the ilv-leu operon and the isoleucine-specific permease gene brnQ2. In a codY null mutant, which simulates extreme nutrient limitation, de-repression of ilv-leu and brnQ2 directs the synthesis of enzymes in redundant de novo and import pathways to upregulate production of BCFA precursors. Overexpression of brnQ2, independent of CodY, is sufficient to increase membrane anteiso BCFAs, Sae-dependent promoter activity, and SaeR ~P levels. Our results further clarify the molecular mechanisms by which CodY controls virulence in S. aureus.IMPORTANCEExpression of bacterial virulence genes often correlates with the exhaustion of nutrients, but how the signaling of nutrient availability and the resulting physiological responses are coordinated is unclear. In S. aureus, CodY controls the activity of two major regulators of virulence-the Agr and Sae two-component systems (TCSs)-by unknown mechanisms. This work identifies a mechanism by which CodY controls the activity of the sensor kinase SaeS by modulating the levels of anteiso branched-chain amino acids that are incorporated into the membrane. Understanding the mechanism adds to our understanding of how bacterial physiology and metabolism are linked to virulence and underscores the role virulence in maintaining homeostasis. Understanding the mechanism also opens potential avenues for targeted therapeutic strategies against S. aureus infections.

ALTERED CONTROL OF BREATHING IN A RAT MODEL OF ALLERGIC LOWER AIRWAY INFLAMMATION.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent in patients with asthma. Asthma, dose-dependently to its duration, promotes incident OSA, suggesting that asthma plays a role in OSA pathogenesis. We hypothesized that asthma-related inflammation alters breathing control mechanisms, specifically the carotid chemoreflex. Accordingly, we measured hypoxic ventilatory responses (HRV) in awake, unrestrained, ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized Brown Norway rats and compared them with responses in sham-sensitized (SALINE) controls. To differentiate the role of allergic inflammation from bronchoconstriction, we repeated HVR after administration of formoterol, a long-acting bronchodilator. Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were collected for quantification of inflammatory cytokines. The rise in ventilatory equivalent for O2 evoked by acute exposure to hypoxia was augmented following sensitization by OVA, whereas it remained stable after SALINE. This augmentation was driven by increased breathing frequency with no change in tidal volume. Tachypneic hyperventilation in normoxia was also observed with OVA. Neither the increased HVR nor excessive normoxic ventilation was affected by formoterol, suggesting that they were not secondary to lung mechanical constraints. Higher levels of inflammatory cytokines were observed in BAL fluid and serum of OVA vs. SALINE. In OVA, serum interleukin-5 correlated with change (baseline to post-sensitization) in ventilatory response to severe hypoxia (FIO2, 0.09). These observations are consistent with inflammation-induced enhancement of carotid chemoreflex function, i.e. increased controller gain, and they suggest a possible role for asthma-related allergic inflammation in the ventilatory instability known to promote upper airway collapse and sleep apnea in humans.

Interplay of α-Synuclein Oligomers and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Parkinson'S Disease: Insights into Cellular Dysfunctions.

Oligomeric forms of α-synuclein (α-syn) are critical in the formation of α-synuclein fibrils, exhibiting neurotoxic properties that are pivotal in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). A salient feature of this pathology is the disruption of the protein folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to a perturbation in the ER's protein quality control mechanisms. The accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins instigates ER stress. However, the onset of ER stress and the consequent activation of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation (ERAD) pathways do not merely culminate in apoptosis when they fail to restore cellular homeostasis. More critically, this condition initiates a cascade of reactions involving ER-related structures and organelles, resulting in multifaceted cellular damage and, potentially, a feedback loop that precipitates neuroinflammation. In this review, we elucidate the interplay between UPR and ERAD, as well as the intricate crosstalk among the ER and other organelles such as mitochondria, lysosomes, and the Golgi apparatus, underscoring their roles in the neurodegenerative process.

The utilization of ophthalmological emergency departments is on the rise : 14-year results from aGerman tertiary university outpatient department

The increasing congestion in emergency departments of all specialties is one of the most pressing challenges of our time. The aim of this study is to make awell-founded contribution to the development of emergency case numbers in the tertiary sector (specialist clinics) of German ophthalmology. From this, the need to develop new control and triage mechanisms for ophthalmology can be derived. Retrospectively, > 140,000 emergency treatment cases at the University Eye Hospital Tübingen in the period from 1January 2010 to 31December 2023 were analyzed. Sub-analyses were conducted to quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and differences between weekend and weekday visits. In addition, aquestionnaire survey on the referral status of emergency consultations at off-peak times and at weekends was conducted in 2022. The number of emergency consultations more than doubled between 2010 and 2023 and more than tripled at weekends. The peak load, which is relevant for guaranteeing treatment, has increased to the same extent. In the long term, ashift in emergency treatment from core to off-peak times can be observed, particularly at weekends. The majority of consultations (up to 87%) take place without areferral from adoctor. In 2023, the treatment figures returned to the level before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The emergency outpatient clinic at the University Eye Hospital is increasingly exposed to adouble burden: providing treatment for emergency cases with specialist referrals and at the same time acting as acatchment basin for general emergencies. New control and triage mechanisms are urgently needed to ensure good care in the long term.

A Weighted AIMD Congestion Control Algorithm for Device-to-Device Communication in 5G Network

ABSTRACT Device-to-Device (D2D) communication offers promising benefits in 5G networks in terms of improved throughput and reduced latency. However, efficient congestion control remains a critical challenge to ensure optimal performance and resource utilization. Existing congestion control mechanisms often struggle with adapting to dynamic network conditions, leading to inefficiencies, such as underutilization of network resources or excessive packet loss. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a novel Weighted AIMD congestion control algorithm tailored specifically for D2D communication in 5G networks (WACC-D2DC-5GN). Here, the Weighted AIMD Congestion Control Algorithm is proposed for estimating available bandwidth and Hunger Games Search Optimization to optimize the weight parameter of WACC. The proposed algorithm integrates weighted factors that dynamically adjust congestion window sizes based on real-time network feedback. Simulations are run on the NS3-mmWave module, NS3 LTE-A module. The simulation outcomes show that the proposed WACC-D2DC-5GN method attains 27.26%, 20.41%, and 23.26% higher SNR and 16.20%, 26.97%, and 30.34% higher Throughput when analysed with existing techniques like NexGen D-TCP: next generation dynamic TCP congestion control approach (NGD-TCP-CCA), user-centric channel allocation system for 5G higher-speed users by using ML to decrease handover rate (UCC-HSU-MLA), and efficient with reliable hybrid deep learning-allowed method for congestion control in 5G/6G networks (HDL-EMC-CN) respectively.

CO-TSM: A Flexible Model for Secure Embedded Device Ownership and Management

The Consumer-Oriented Trusted Service Manager (CO-TSM) model has been recognised as a significant advancement in managing applications on Near Field Communication (NFC)-enabled mobile devices and multi-application smart cards. Traditional Trusted Service Manager (TSM) models, while useful, often result in market fragmentation and limit widespread adoption due to their centralised control mechanisms. The CO-TSM model addresses these issues by decentralising management and offering greater flexibility and scalability, making it more adaptable to the evolving needs of embedded systems, particularly in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technologies. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the CO-TSM model, highlighting its application in various technological domains such as smart cards, HCE-based NFC mobile phones, TEE-enabled smart home IoT devices, and RFID-based smart supply chains. By evaluating the CO-TSM model’s architecture, implementation challenges, and practical deployment scenarios, this paper demonstrates how CO-TSM can overcome the limitations of traditional TSM approaches. The case studies presented offer practical insights into the model’s adaptability and effectiveness in real-world scenarios. Through this examination, the paper aims to underscore the CO-TSM model’s role in enhancing scalability, flexibility, and user autonomy in secure embedded device management, while also identifying areas for future research and development.

The Potential of Microorganisms for the Control of Grape Downy Mildew—A Review

Plasmopara viticola (Berk.et Curtis) Berl. Et de Toni is the pathogen that causes grape downy mildew, which is an airborne disease that severely affects grape yield and causes huge economic losses. The usage of effective control methods can reduce the damage to plants induced by grape downy mildew. Biocontrol has been widely used to control plant diseases due to its advantages of environmental friendliness and sustainability. However, to date, only a few comprehensive reviews on the biocontrol of grape downy mildew have been reported. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics of P. viticola and its infection cycle, followed by a detailed overview of current biocontrol agents, including bacteria and fungi that could be used to control grape downy mildew, and their control effects. Furthermore, potential control mechanisms of biocontrol agents against grape downy mildew are discussed. Lastly, suggestions for future research on the biocontrol of grape downy mildew are provided. This review provides the basis for the application of grape downy mildew biocontrol.

Identification of Customer Through Voice Biometric System in Call Centres

In recent times, there has been a growing emphasis on adjusting communication strategies to foster strong customer relationships. This shift is driven by intensified competition, market maturation, and swift advancements in business technology. Consequently, companies have established call centers to efficiently handle customer support and fulfil customer inquiries. A pivotal aspect of enhancing service quality within these call centers involves accurately identifying customers during their interactions. The primary objective of this study is to introduce a methodology for identifying customers within call centers by analyzing their voice characteristics. Voice authentication (VA) has gained prominence in critical security operations, including banking transactions and conversations within call centers. The susceptibility of automatic speaker verification systems (ASVs) to deceptive spoofing attacks has prompted the development of countermeasures (CMs). These countermeasures are designed to differentiate between authentic and fabricated speech. ASVs and CMs collectively constitute contemporary VA systems, positioned as robust access control mechanisms. To achieve this goal, various customer identification systems within call centers have been examined, along with an analysis of audio signal attributes. Ultimately, the manuscript presents a novel approach to customer identification through voice biometrics. Notably, this method excels in recognizing customers even when provided with limited voice data. Empirical findings demonstrate that the suggested speaker identity confirmation method outperforms alternative techniques utilizing different algorithms, exhibiting a higher recognition rate. The present research work is based on two important perspectives of the call centres: a. call center agents experience and b. customer experience. The data collected separately from customers and agents for understanding the effective usage of voice biometric system in call centres. The data represented and satisfies the effectiveness of voice biometric system from both the perspectives. From the data it is also cleared that, the implementation of voice biometric system in call centres still have long way to go but will be a major technological change for the industries worldwide.

Hybrid Neuro-Fuzzy Based Improved Control Design of Electro-Pneumatic Clutch Actuation Control System for Heavy Duty Vehicles

The application of hybrid Neuro-Fuzzy principles of clutch actuation control in enhancing the performance of electro-pneumatic clutch actuation system for heavy duty vehicles is the aim of this presentation. Neuro-Fuzzy is a hybrid design that accommodates the principles of fuzzy Logic and Neural Network in a manner that take advantage of their positive sides. The inability of some heavy-duty vehicles to operate optimally on hilly terrains and which often results in road mishaps are traceable to the inadequacies in conventional clutch actuation control mechanisms. These conventional actuation control techniques provide for routine calibration of clutch actuators after maintenance. Often times, this important requirement of calibration is neglected with attendant ugly consequences. To stem this tide of manual calibration and its obvious defects, an intelligent method of clutch actuation modelled in a hybrid Neuro-Fuzzy control is implemented. Conventional data obtained for errors, speed, torque and power from Mercedes Benz Actros Truck model MP 2, 2031 provided the reference points. These data were embedded into a Simulink block and cascaded into a designed Neuro-Fuzzy Simulink model. Both conventional and Neuro-Fuzzy Simulink model controllers were also simulated. Different percentages of improvements were recorded for piston error, angular speed, engine torque and power respectively. The level and percentage of improvements stood at 0.4821mm or 33.04% decrease for error, increases of 334.1 RPM or 33% for angular speed, 0.0594NM or 33.26% for torque and 2.79W or 16.53% for power respectively.

ПОНЯТТЯ ТА СТРУКТУРА МЕХАНІЗМУ ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ

The existence of a state without state administration is meaningless and simply impossible without the help of which it broadcasts its will. This is a lever with which regulation can be carried out. The State Administration is designed to activate and actualize the use of all available resources, opening new opportunities, creating stimulating conditions, and maintaining a favorable environment for increasing management efficiency and the population's quality of life. At the same time, a specific dependence is indicated between the full realization of the accumulated potential and the quality of public administration. It is manifested in the following: the higher the professional management level, the better the existing potential is used and multiplied. Thus, the realization of one's potential depends on the level of state administration. The regularity of modern management determines this relationship. The state management system forms a management mechanism and with the help of all the main elements of actions of management bodies, target settings, principles, functions, structures, resources, methods, technologies, and management tools. The control mechanism cannot exist without these system components, and at the same time, without the control mechanism, there is no control system. The paper analyzes the interpretation of the term "mechanism of state management" by researchers. It is emphasized that the structure of the mechanism of state administration includes practical measures, means, levers, and incentives, with the help of which state authorities influence society, production, and any social system to achieve the set goals. The main components of the state administration mechanism were studied, and their classification was considered. It emphasizes the distribution of state management mechanisms depending on state management that apply them. The composition of the complex management mechanism is defined, which may include economic, motivational, organizational, political, and legal mechanisms. The author's vision of defining the term "mechanism of state administration" is given.

An intuitive guidewire control mechanism for robotic intervention.

Teleoperated Interventional Robotic systems (TIRs) are developed to reduce radiation exposure and physical stress of the physicians and enhance device manipulation accuracy and stability. Nevertheless, TIRs are not widely adopted, partly due to the lack of intuitive control interfaces. Current TIR interfaces like joysticks, keyboards, and touchscreens differ significantly from traditional manual techniques, resulting in a shallow, longer learning curve. To this end, this research introduces a novel control mechanism for intuitive operation and seamless adoption of TIRs. An off-the-shelf medical torque device augmented with a micro-electromagnetic tracker was proposed as the control interface to preserve the tactile sensation and muscle memory integral to interventionalists' proficiency. The control inputs to drive the TIR were extracted via real-time motion mapping of the interface. To verify the efficacy of the proposed control mechanism to accurately operate the TIR, evaluation experiments using industrial grade encoders were conducted. A mean tracking error of 0.32 ± 0.12mm in linear and 0.54 ± 0.07° in angular direction were achieved. The time lag in tracking was found to be 125ms on average using pade approximation. Ergonomically, the developed control interface is 3.5mm diametrically larger, and 4.5g. heavier compared to traditional torque devices. With uncanny resemblance to traditional torque devices while maintaining results comparable to state-of-the-art commercially available TIRs, this research successfully provides an intuitive control interface for potential wider clinical adoption of robot-assisted interventions.

Blockchain Based Decentralized Storage Drive

The "Decentralized Storage Drive" project introduces a secure, blockchain-based platform for decentralized data storage and sharing. By integrating the Interplanetary File System (IPFS) for decentralized storage, the platform ensures that data remains immutable and resistant to censorship. Solidity smart contracts deployed on the Ethereum blockchain provide robust mechanisms for access control, allowing users to manage data ownership and permissions without relying on centralized authorities. A React-based front- end interface simplifies user interaction, enabling seamless data upload and access management. This project addresses critical issues related to data privacy, security, and ownership, offering a user-friendly solution that empowers individuals with greater control over their digital assets. Throughout the development of this project, a focus on security, user control, and decentralization has been paramount. The rigorous testing of smart contracts and the integration of secure authentication methods ensure that the platform is both reliable and resilient to potential threats. The "Decentralized Storage Drive" represents a significant advancement in the field of decentralized applications, demonstrating the practical application of blockchain technology in everyday data management. Key Words: Decentralized Storage, Blockchain Technology, IPFS(InterPlanetary File System), Smart Contracts, Data Integrity, Access Control

Modern Prospects for the Application of Mechatronics and Robotics Capabilities

This article explores the application of mechatronics and robotics capabilities. In recent years a new quickly developing scientific and technical activity was created. It is called Mechatronics and represents an innovative field of science and equipment where the high-precision mechanics connects to the same exact electronics under control of the most modern computer programs [1],[2]. As a result difficult mechanisms of computer motion control with tremendous functionality are created. Industrial robots are striking examples of such mechanisms. Besides, there are mechanisms of retracting plane flaps and the chassis, many systems of a modern car and "smart houses". Technical and technological progress is impossible without mechatronics [3],[4]. Robotics and industrial automatic equipment in various branches of economy, automation of technological processes, systems of planning and business management, automation of transport, dispatching and other systems falls within the scope of its interests. Nowadays “Mechatronics” is one of the most demanded educational majors in the world. Mechatronics specialists are demanded in different areas: in power engineering, machine-tool design and production of the equipment, automation of technological processes, robotics and automotive industry. Security systems, military equipment, the medical equipment can't be designed without mechatronics.