Control Material Research Articles

Design and Verification of Thermal Control System of Communication Satellite

The multiple working modes, complex working conditions, frequent changes in external heat flux, and high power consumption of communication satellites all pose great difficulties to their thermal design. This paper mainly describes the design of a thermal control system for high-power communication satellites. Firstly, new efficient heat transfer technologies and thermal control materials for spacecraft are introduced. Secondly, the structure and internal heat source of the satellite are introduced. Thirdly, the external heat fluxes are analyzed, and the position of the heat dissipation surface and extreme conditions are confirmed. Then, a thermal control system is designed around the difficulties of thermal control. With heat pipes, the temperature uniformity of +Y deck, −Y deck, and +Z deck increased by 8 °C, 9.9 °C, and 34.2 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum temperature of the power controller, secondary power supply, bidirectional frequency converter, and solid discharge decreased by 32.5 °C, 22.0 °C, 14.0 °C, and 164 °C, respectively. Finally, a thermal balance test is performed. The test results show that the temperatures of the solid-state power amplifier, on-board computer, power controller, secondary power supply, and bidirectional frequency converter meet the requirements of the thermal control indices. In addition, the temperature of thermal-sensitive components such as batteries and the storage tank also meets the requirements. The thermal design scheme is reasonable and feasible, and the thermal balance test verifies the correctness of the thermal design.

Lignin-Based Visible Light-Triggered Nitric Oxide Nanogenerator for Antibacterial Applications.

Nitric oxide (NO) has received growing attention as an effective antibacterial agent with broad-spectrum activity and a low risk of resistance. However, it remains challenging to develop effective, controllable, and biocompatible NO-releasing materials. Here, we report a novel NO nanogenerator (AL-BNN6-PEG) self-assembled by lignin, a UV-absorbing and hydrophobic NO donor (N,N'-disec-butyl-N,N'-dinitroso-1,4-phenylenediamine, BNN6), and PEG-DSPE2000. It was discovered that upon visible light irradiation (450-460 nm), BNN6 can be decomposed by lignin within micellar nanoparticles via a photoinduced electron transfer mechanism in the aqueous medium. Lignin not only served as a sustainable carrier, enhancing the water dispersity of BNN6, but also acted as a biocompatible photosensitizer, triggering BNN6 decomposition with the concomitant release of NO. As a result, the micellar nanoparticles displayed superior antibacterial effects against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria upon visible light illumination. Moreover, MTT assay revealed the negligible cytotoxic effect of the micellar nanoparticles to the mouse fibroblast cells (L929). This research provides more insight into the BNN6 decomposition mechanism and demonstrates a straightforward, effective, and biocompatible strategy for controlled NO-mediated antibacterial applications.

Abstract B059: Every day counts to cada dia cuenta: Adapting a behavioral intervention trial to accommodate Spanish language participants in a multisite study

Abstract Introduction. The number of women living with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) has doubled in the last decade. Hispanic women have lower incidence of breast cancer than non-Hispanic White women but are more likely to be diagnosed at an advanced stage. Targeted therapies can impose prolonged symptom burden resulting in significant distress and physical limitations for women with MBC. Minimizing symptom burden, while maximizing treatment response and quality of life (QoL) are the primary goals in the metastatic setting. Thus, the demand for evidence-based interventions to help improve QoL, prognosis and survivorship is critical. Every Day Counts (EDC) examines the impact of a diet and exercise intervention on QoL and explores potential mechanistic pathways (e.g., body composition, inflammation) linking lifestyle to QoL. Initially, study eligibility excluded non-English speakers. Given the burden of MBC among Latinas, including Spanish language participants was a priority; the process of achieving this goal is described herein. Methods: Participants complete surveys and physical assessments at baseline and are then randomized to the 16-week lifestyle intervention OR the attention control organizational program. Both are led by a trained coach and include a program binder and weekly text messages whereas only the intervention receives a Fitbit and cooking classes. After the16-week program, participants complete surveys and physical assessments, and the control group participants crossover to the lifestyle program. Surveys include QoL, diet, physical activity, pain, cognitive function, sleep, outcome expectancy, social support, mood, and self- efficacy. Physical assessments include a 24-hour diet recall, DEXA, 6-minute walk, sit-to-stand, handgrip, arm curl, single leg balance, and blood draw. Adapting the trial for Spanish language participants required multiple steps and was led and implemented by bilingual, bicultural staff that went beyond translation and back-translation. Material Inventory. Review participant- facing materials to inform plan for adaptation and translation. Survey Review (N=17). Identify which measures are available and validated in Spanish using Pubmed and other search engines and/or contacting instrument author(s). Intervention Review. Staff review for content relevance for Latinas, include images and recipes illustrative of Latina culture. Translation. The study used a translation/back-translation process for recruitment scripts and materials, consent form, all surveys not available in Spanish, physical assessment protocols, intervention and control materials and text messages. Translation Review. To ensure the context of translation across dialects common to the Midwest, materials were reviewed by community members (Mexico, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic), with discrepancies resolved by staff. Discussion:: Transitioning studies to be more inclusive will increase critical access to much-needed trials that will impact disparities evident among minoritized communities. Citation Format: Diana L. Navarro Suarez, Patricia Sheean, Estefania Alonso, Sandra Contreras, Kathleen O’Connell, Margaret Tovar, Melinda Stolley. Every day counts to cada dia cuenta: Adapting a behavioral intervention trial to accommodate Spanish language participants in a multisite study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B059.

Allelopathic Activity of Leaf Wastes of Liriodendron tulipifera for Sustainable Management

Logging operations of Liriodendron tulipifera L., as timber trees, and fallen leaves in autumn from ornamental trees produce a large amount of leaf waste. In this study, the allelopathy of L. tulipifera fresh and fallen leaves was investigated for the development of potential applications of leaf waste. The extracts of fresh and fallen leaves of L. tulipifera showed growth inhibitory activity against weed species, Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.Gmel., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv., and Lolium multiflorum Lam., under laboratory conditions. The powder of L. tulipifera fresh and fallen leaves also inhibited the germination of E. crus-galli under greenhouse conditions. A potent allelochemical was isolated from fresh and fallen leaf extracts through a bioassay-guided separation process, and was identified as lipiferolide. Lipiferolide inhibited the growth of L. multiflorum and Lepidum sativum in a concentration-dependent manner. This investigation suggests that the leaf waste of L. tulipifera from logging operations and fallen leaves is potentially useful for the purpose of weed control, such as through the use of soil additive materials from leaves or the creation of foliar spray from leaf extracts. The development of weed control materials using L. tulipifera leaf waste may be a means with which to minimize waste, reducing environmental impacts and economic concerns.

Laser-synthesized TiN-based nanoparticles as novel efficient electrostatic nanosorbent for environmental water cleaning

Abstract Dyes used in industries such as textile, paper, and leather are known to be harmful to both human health and aquatic ecosystems, which makes critically important the search of effective and sustainable methods for their removal from wastewater in order to mitigate the detrimental pollution effects. Here, we show that titanium nitride nanoparticles (TiN NPs) synthesized by scalable methods of pulsed laser ablation in liquid ambient (water, acetone and acetonitrile) can serve as extremely efficient sorbents for water decontamination from dye molecules (methylene blue, crystal violet, and malachite green). Our tests show that adsorption of TiN NPs is associated with the electrostatic effect due to a strong negative charge of laser-synthesized TiN NPs and the presence of pores in the NPs. Comprehensive characterization using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, along with Raman spectroscopy, evidenced that the appearance of surface charge is related to the formation of under-stoichiometric TiN (TiN1-x), associated with the predominance of nitrogen vacancies. This study identifies an optimal configuration of vacancy defects that maximizes dye adsorption, with TiN NPs synthesized in water exhibiting superior performance, achieving a dye sorption capacity of 136.5 mg/g at room temperature for methylene blue, which corresponds to best earlier reported values for nanomaterials. This study not only extends the utility of TiN NPs to environmental remediation but also highlights the critical influence of synthesis conditions on their functional properties, offering a pathway towards the design of more effective materials for pollution control.

Study on Efficient Application and Mechanism of New Environmental Materials in Pollution Control

Study on Efficient Application and Mechanism of New Environmental Materials in Pollution Control

Development of a new inversion-voltammetric technique in determining inorganic iodine in Laminariae thalli L. for the quality control of raw materials in factory laboratories

Objectives. To develop and validate a methodology for determining inorganic iodine in Laminariae thalli L., corresponding to the norms of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 15th edition (SPh 15). The methodology needs to be valid and suitable for the quality control of pharmaceutical raw materials in factory laboratories.Methods. Cathode inversion voltammetry was used as an instrumental method for determining inorganic iodine using a graphite electrode capable of sorbing electroactive ion associates of surfactant–iodine.Results. When compared with the titrimetric technique recommended by SPh 15, the proposed technique is more selective, sensitive and less time-consuming. The efficiency and metrological characteristics of the technique were confirmed by validation in accordance with the requirements of SPh 15.Conclusion. The paper presents a new method for determining the gross content of inorganic iodine in Laminariae thalli L. This technique can be used not only in scientific research, but also in the routine quality control of medicinal plant raw materials in control and analytical laboratories engaged in pharmaceutical quality control.

Study on temperature noise suppression characteristics of passive thermal control materials in gravitational wave detection

Study on temperature noise suppression characteristics of passive thermal control materials in gravitational wave detection

Experimental investigations of the wear behaviour of railway brake block raw materials

Abstract Passenger and freight transport by rail is gaining ground not only in Europe, but in many countries around the world. At the same time, due to the increased traffic, the need to investigate the effects of rail transport on the environment and to reduce the harmful effects is also increasing. One of the recurring problems is the reduction of the noise that occurs during the braking of railway cars, as well as the mitigation of particles released during braking and, as a result, the reduction of their health-damaging effects. In more and more European countries, the so-called Noise Differentiated Track Access Charges (NDTAC) is being introduced, where the cost depends on the amount of noise emitted during braking. For this reason, the examination of the friction conditions of the materials used in railway brakes and the finding of materials with the most favourable properties is a priority area of research. In this paper, the initial investigations of a recently started research project on the subject are presented, the aim of which is to develop and test new layered composite materials that may be used in the future to produce railway brake blocks. The paper presents the main objectives of the project, the principles, and tools of the friction tests to be applied, as well as the test measurements carried out, during which the friction characteristics of copper alloy and aluminium control materials along with the currently used cast iron and composite brake blocks were examined.

Effect of additional Al sources on early-age strength of fly ash-based geopolymer containing calcium carbide residue and Glauber’s salt as activators

Alkali-activated materials are more environmentally friendly than cementitious composites and are used in the construction and building sector. However, their intrinsic low early strength under ambient temperatures hinders their practical applicability. More research is needed on the possibilities of increasing early strength at ambient temperatures. In this study, aluminum sulfate (AS) was used as an additional aluminum source to improve the early-age properties of fly ash (FA)-based geopolymers incorporating calcium carbide residue (CCR) and Glauber’s salt (GS) as activators. XRD, TG, SEM, ICP and isothermal calorimetry analyses were carried out to characterize the phase composition, microstructure and hydration process of the prepared materials. The results showed that the 1d strength of AS1-CCR10 was increased by 260.7 % compared with the control material, and the effect on the late strength was negligible. The relative content of AFt increased by 2.97 %, creating a more compact microstructure. During the extraction process, insufficient dissolved Al3+ in the composite led to a decrease in initial strength. In the hydration process, the induction period of AS1-CCR10 was advanced by 40.92 % and that of t50 was advanced by 57.74 %, which accelerated the early reaction rate. However, the Krstulovic-Dabic model could not accurately describe the initial stage of the hydration reaction of composite materials. This study is helpful to broaden the utilization of geopolymer composites and provide a theoretical basis for the preparation and reaction mechanism of alkali-activated materials.

Addressing the Challenge of a Simultaneous Destructive Assay of Plutonium and Uranium: Highly Precise, Robust, Universal, and Reagent-Free Differential Pulse Voltametric Method Development in Biodegradable Methanesulfonic Acid Medium.

The destructive assay of bulk uranium and plutonium, a cornerstone for chemical quality control and nuclear material accounting of fuel matrices, mandates robust and precise methodologies. Despite ongoing research, simultaneous, matrix independent determination of U and Pu has eluded solution owing to inherent limitations in aqueous acid medium, viz., coexistence of multiple oxidation states, coupled electrochemical reactions, smaller potential window, and requirement for multistep sample preconditioning and tedious electrode modification. The present study addresses this challenge wherein non-aqueous methanesulfonic acid (MSA) served the dual role of solvent and analyte media with a bare glassy carbon (GC) electrode. Fuel matrices, viz., (U, Pu)C, (U, Pu)O2, PuO2, UO3, UO2, and U3O8, were quantitatively dissolved in biodegradable MSA, without using any additives. Redox speciation of the analytes, U and Pu, in MSA was probed by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and electrometry, revealing the absence of electrocatalytic regeneration and stabilization of single oxidation state, viz., U(VI) and Pu(IV), along with relevant redox-energetic (electron transfer and reversibility) and kinetic data. Bidentate coordination of MSA with the U analyte was indicated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies and was corroborated by density functional theory-based investigations, providing the optimized structure, viz., [UO2(MSA)2] and [Pu(MSA)4], binding modes and energy, partial charges, and molecular orbital diagrams. Based on these insights, the feasibility of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV)-based assay method development for U and Pu separately and in different U/Pu ratios, representing assorted fuel matrices, was probed. Analytical figures of merit for both U and Pu (detection limit of ∼10-5 M, precision of ∼0.2%, accuracy of ∼0.2%, high sensitivity, repeatability, and non-influence of relevant interferences) were determined, method validated employing actual fuel samples, and compared with the established, multi-step biamperometry method. Hence, a universal, simultaneous U and Pu destructive assay method in non-aqueous MSA media based on DPV with a commercial GC electrode was demonstrated.

Permeability and self-healing behavior of alkali activated geopolymers for well cementing applications

Geopolymers, also identified as alkali-activated materials (AAM), are alternative well-cementing materials with a lower carbon footprint than traditional ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Geopolymers are formed by combining an aluminosilicate precursor, such as fly ash (FA), with an alkaline activator solution. Among their merits is an ability to self-heal after becoming damaged, which can be exploited to restore permeability, sealing ability, zonal isolation, and well integrity in wells that suffer from cracking, fracturing, or debonding in their annular cement sheaths and abandonment plugs.This study investigates the self-healing ability of various alkali-activated Class F fly ash-based geopolymers. Liquid sodium hydroxide (LSH), liquid sodium silicate (LSS), and solid sodium silicate (SSS) were used as activators for the preparation of geopolymer specimens, while Class H OPC was used as the control material. Permeability was characterized using pressure transmission tests (PTT). The tested samples were of different compositions, curing ages (7-day and 28-day), damage stages (pristine, damaged after freeze-thaw cycling, self-healed after post-damage curing), and damage severity (low, medium, and high). Fourier-transform infrared-spectroscopy (FTIR) and loss on ignition (LOI) tests were performed to examine the geopolymer reaction over time, in an attempt to relate the various permeability results to the geopolymerization process. The experimental results show that geopolymers possess low permeability, comparable to – or lower than – OPC, and that effective permeability restoration occurs in geopolymers, even after high degrees of damage. The implication of this work is that geopolymers are promising alternative barrier materials to OPC with a superior ability to guarantee low barrier permeability and appropriate zonal isolation, keys to wellbore integrity over the entire lifecycle of wells, even if those wells suffer from damage.

Sustained Antibiotic Release from Biodegradable Gelatin–Silica Hybrid for Orthopedic Infections

AbstractAntibiotic‐loaded polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads are commonly employed to treat prosthetic joint infections (PJI) and chronic osteomyelitis due to their excellent mechanical strength. However, PMMA's non‐degradability results in a burst release of antibiotics and potential renal toxicity, necessitating additional surgeries for bead removal. There is a critical need for infection control materials that can deliver antibiotics effectively, maintain adequate mechanical strength, and degrade uniformly. This study introduces a gelatin–silica hybrid antibiotic carrier, characterized by covalent bonds between the gelatin and silica networks. The incorporation of the silica network enhances the compressive strength to 32.53 ± 2.4 MPa and ensures uniform degradation over 6 months, aligning with clinical timelines. Furthermore, the gelatin–silica hybrid can support up to 10 wt% antibiotic loading without compromising its properties, making it a promising candidate for next‐generation infection control materials.

All-dielectric spectral selective emitter for infrared-microwave compatible stealth

The advancement of infrared detection technology has imposed increasingly stringent requirements on the infrared radiation regulation materials. Spectral selective emitters can effectively mitigate infrared signals within the detected bands, while simultaneously leveraging undetected band for efficient radiative cooling, thereby enhancing the infrared stealth effectiveness. Herein, we design an all-dielectric selective emitter consisting of only five layers by incorporating the SiO2 reststrahlen layer with a Ge/MgF2 photonic multilayers. We quantified the infrared stealth performance of the selective emitter that the emissivity in the undetected band (5−8 μm) is 0.81 and the emissivity values in detected bands are 0.20 (3−5 μm) and 0.17 (8−13 μm), respectively. The simulation results demonstrate that the selective emitter exhibits superior radiative cooling performance and infrared stealth capabilities, as evidenced by significantly lower physical temperature and radiation intensity compared to traditional broadband low emissivity emitters. Furthermore, the all-dielectric structure ensures nearly perfect microwave transmissivity for selective emitters. When combined with microwave absorbers, they exhibit a remarkable microwave absorptivity exceeding 0.9 within the 8−18 GHz range, effectively achieving infrared-microwave compatible stealth. The all-dielectric emitter presents a novel structure for spectral selective infrared radiation control materials, featuring reduced layer complexity and the absence of metallic materials, thereby enhancing its potential for temperature resistance. This work holds significant implications for advancing selective emitters in high-temperature infrared-microwave compatible stealth applications.

Improvement of the mechanical performance of Portland cement concretes through the addition of nanostructured carbonate material

The mechanical performance of construction materials depends on their structural integrity and therefore deficiencies cause changes in their properties or characteristics. The use of composite materials has shown that it is possible to improve properties or even create characteristics by incorporating nanostructured carbonate materials into the cementitious matrix of structural concretes. Simple concretes are characterized by low tensile strength, and this can be improved by incorporating materials with a high modulus of elasticity. The incorporation of carbonate materials such as graphene can be an alternative since such materials have tensile strength up to 100 times greater than steel. In this research, concrete specimens produced with the addition of nanostructured carbonate materials were prepared and compared with the control material (without carbonate material). Analyzing the tensile strength, it was found that concretes produced with 5% addition of carbonate materials had higher tensile strength than the control concrete (without carbonate addition) and that the addition of 2% carbonate material was not effective for improving the mechanical tensile strength. The results demonstrate the increase in the compressive strength of the specimens produced with 5% addition of carbonate material. It is concluded that the addition of carbonate materials can be an efficient alternative to solve mechanical strength problems in Portland cement concretes for structural purposes.

Establishment of a Reference Material in Quality Control for Use in Infectivity and Identity Assays of Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine, in Accordance with International Standards Organization Guidance.

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), began in 2019. One of the strategies for pandemic control was mass vaccination. In Brazil, the recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (RCV) was produced on a large scale and offered at no charge to the population. The specifications for quality control analyses of RCV included identity and infectivity determination. To validate the results, a reference material (RM) must be analyzed in parallel with the sample vaccine. This research aimed to establish the RM for use in the identity and infectivity assay for RCV. The candidate RM was analyzed using homogeneity and stability studies. The RM was considered homogeneous for identity (cycle threshold (Ct) ≤ 25.19) and infectivity (average x- was 9.25 log10 infectious units/mL). The RM was considered adequately stable for identity during the total period in all studies, being stable at -70, 5, and 22.5 °C for 380, 313, and 14 days, respectively (Ct ≤ 21.81). For infectivity, the RM was stable at -70, 5, and 22.5 °C for 380, 97, and three days, respectively. Since the property identity and infectivity values of the RM were established, the new RM could be used in quality control analysis.

Ceramics as potential materials in pollution prevention and control

AbstractThe social progress, economic growth, and meteoric urbanization prompt the exploitation of available resources triggering the contagion of the biological and physical elements of the atmosphere irrationally causing global environmental pollution. Environmental contamination monitoring is a dire necessity. Although a number of technologies find mention in the literature for environmental remediation, however, environmental catalysis is an advanced steadily growing technique for pollution abatement. In this dimension, ceramic materials have turned heads due to their wide‐scale application areas. Hitherto, research is being done on advanced ceramics to fabricate novel modules for energy storage applications, in designing green buildings, pollution rheostats, and environmental engineering. This article deals with the abatement of environmental contaminants by adopting various methodologies such as aerobic and anaerobic biological treatments, adsorption, chemical oxidation, membrane separation, photocatalysis, ozonation using the ceramic as precursor materials. The ceramic membranes are cost‐effective, ecofriendly, efficacious, and green approach to obliterate toxins and harmful gases released in environment. Even though, limited literature is available on the abolition of harmful contaminants from air and soil using ceramic materials, an attempt has been made to present currently available data with best of our knowledge. This article will sensitize researchers to refabricate novel materials for environment sustainability.

A Nanoconfinement Strategy to Construct Co@CNTs for Lightweight and Ultra-Broadband Microwave Absorption.

The construction of stable and efficient nanocomposites with low addition and light weight has always been the goal pursued in the field of electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption. In this study, the Co@CNTs nanocomposites with Co nanoparticles (13nm) nanoconfined in the carbon nanotube (CNT) are successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and phenolic assisted pyrolysis method. The degree of graphitization of CNTs and the microstructure of Co nanoparticles can be effectively regulated by controlling the calcination temperature. The sample calcined at 700°C can obtain excellent absorption performance at a low filling capacity of 10 wt.%: the minimum reflection loss (RL) is -41.2dB and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) reaches a maximum width of 14.2GHz. When the sample thickness is only 2.2mm, the EAB of <-20dB reaches 8.3GHz, which is the maximum EAB of most current Co-based absorbers. In particular, the polarization and ferromagnetic coupling behaviors are elucidated in depth with the aid of electromagnetic field simulations using the High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). This work provides a new nanoconfinement strategy for constructing the Co@CNTs nanocomposites as lightweight and ultra-broadband absorbing materials for EMW protection and EMW pollution control.

Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii can be vertically transmitted in Hyalomma anatolicum

In this study, a tick intracellular symbiont, Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii, was detected in Hyalomma anatolicum from Xinjiang, China. Morphological identification and cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequence alignment were used for molecular identification of the tick species. PCR detection further revealed the presence of endosymbiont C. M. mitochondrii in the tick. Specific primers were designed for Groel and 16S rRNA genes of C. M. mitochondrii for PCR amplification and phylogenetic analysis. To further investigate the vertical transmission characteristics of C. M. mitochondrii, specific primers were designed based on the FabⅠ gene fragment to detect C. M. mitochondrii in different developmental stages and organs of the tick using qPCR. Of the 336 tick specimens collected from the field, 266 samples were identified as H. anatolicum on the basis of morphological characteristics. The gene fragment alignment results of COI confirmed that these ticks were H. anatolicum. The phylogenetic analysis showed that Groel gene of C. M. mitochondrii clustered with Midichloria strains detected in Ixodes ricinus ticks from Italy and Ixodes holocyclus ticks from Australia, with 100% sequence similarity. Furthermore, the 16S rRNA gene of C. M. mitochondrii clusters with the strains isolated from Hyalomma rufipes ticks in Italy, exhibiting the highest degree of homology. qPCR results showed that C. M. mitochondrii was present at all developmental stages of H. anatolicum, with the highest relative abundance in eggs, and lower relative abundance in nymphs and unfed males. With female tick blood feeding, the relative abundance of C. M. mitochondrii increased, and a particularly high relative abundance was detected in the ovaries of engorged female ticks. This study provides information for studying the survival adaptability of H. anatolicum, and provides data for further investigation of the mechanisms regulating tick endosymbionts in ticks, enriching the reference materials for comprehensive prevention and control of tick-borne diseases.

Efficient and Ultrafast Oxyorthosilicate Scintillator by Activator Valence State Manipulation.

There is an urgent need for faster, brighter, and more controllable scintillation materials in advanced nuclear medicine, high-energy physical experiments, and dark matter particle detection. Nevertheless, the trade-off between high emission efficiency and fast timing characteristics remains a common challenge in the entire optical field. To address this issue, we develop a composition engineering strategy that involves multisite selective doping. This strategy aims to transform nearly all Ce3+ into fast-emitting Ce4+ while synergistically suppressing the electron traps. Even at very low doping concentrations, the designed Ca2+, Al3+, and Ce3+ tridoped oxyorthosilicate exhibits a scintillation decay (τd) acceleration of 20%, accompanied by a 25% increase in light yield (LY). The ratio of emission efficiency and timing characteristics (LY/τd) can be enhanced by 56%, which realizes the perfect balance of high LY and fast τd. Our work provides a method for designing efficient, ultrafast, and controllable scintillators in multicomponent systems, thus paving the way for high-resolution radiation detection and imaging applications.