Mean Value Of Control Group Research Articles

Enhancing Fixed Partial Denture Pontic Fabrication: An In Vitro Comparative Study of the Digital and Manual Techniques.

Background Advancements in computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technology have significantly improved the accuracy and consistency of producing fixed partial dentures (FPDs) compared to traditional manual methods. However, the fully digital transfer of mock-up morphology to final FPDs is not yet fully explored. Proper pontic design, which avoids direct gingival contact, is essential for maintaining oral hygiene and preventing tissue irritation. Aim and objectives This study aims to compare the effectiveness of digital versus manual methods in FPD pontic fabrication, focusing on the trueness of digitally fabricated FPD patterns. Key objectives include assessing thickness, vertical gaps, and anatomical accuracy to determine the advantages of CAD-CAM technologies over traditional techniques. Materials and methods In this in vitro study, a total of 45 FPD pontics were fabricated and divided into three groups (15 each): digitally fabricated (using CAD software and CAM systems), manually fabricated (using traditional wax-up techniques), and a control group (typodont teeth). Tooth preparation was performed on a typodont, and impressions were taken to create casts. One cast was scanned and digitally designed, while the other was used for manual fabrication. Outcome assessments included vertical gap measurement using a stereo microscope, thickness evaluation with a digital caliper, and anatomical similarity assessment by independent evaluators. Statistical analysis involved one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), post hoc Tukey's analysis, and unpaired t-tests using SPSS software version 26.0 (IBM Inc., Armonk, New York). Statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results The digital group exhibited lower mean thickness at the incisal (1.92±0.130 mm vs. 2.46±0.219 mm for manual, p=0.000), middle (7.00±0.223 mm vs. 8.88±0.983 mm for manual, p=0.001), and cervical sites (9.06±0.134 mm vs. 10.08±0.454 mm for manual, p=0.000). No significant differences were found between the digital and control groups. No significant differences were observed between digital, manual, and control groups at any site (p=0.688 to 0.997). The digital group demonstrated superior accuracy and consistency compared to the control group (mean value of 1.00±0.00 vs. 2.93±0.798, p=0.000). Conclusion CAD-CAM technology greatly improves the precision and consistency of FPD pontic fabrication compared to traditional manual techniques. Digital methods produce thinner pontics with superior anatomical accuracy, although vertical gap measurements are similar across methods. These findings emphasize the benefits of CAD-CAM in enhancing prosthetic outcomes and suggest potential improvements in clinical practices for prosthodontic rehabilitation.

Carotid Intima-Media Thickness as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract Background Atherosclerosis is a systemic arterial disease which frequently involve multiple vascular beds. Etiologically, cases of atherosclerosis occurring in different arterial vascular beds may share the same set of traditional risk factors. Aim of the Work In this present study we aimed to- evaluate the effect of chronic kidney disease on carotid intima media thickness as a cardiovascular risk factor in these patients. Patients and Methods This is a Case-control study conducted at Ain shams university hospitals during the period between January 2022 and June 2022. Results We found that patients with chronic kidney disease had significantly higher values of carotid intima media thickness (mean value of 1.10± 0.16 mm) versus control group (mean value of 0.49± 0.15mm).Also we noticed that with progression of kidney disease carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) becomes higher.CIMT showed a trend of gradual increase with decreased eGFR.Also we found that CIMT correlated positively with age, blood pressure, serum reatinine, urea and total cholesterol, but negatively with eGFR and we found that patients with diabetes and hypertension had CIMT higher than patients without diabetes and hypertension.The ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC for using eGFR cut off value of ≤ 75 mL/min for predicting CIMT thickness (>0.7 mm) was 1.And both the specificity and Sensitivity of eGFR in predicting CIMT thickening to be 100%. Conclusion Carotid IMT is significantly increased in Chronic kidney disease patients and may be usefully applied for risk stratification in this group of patients.Our study shows that, eGFR (≤ 75ml/min) has a positive predictive value for CIMT thickness(>0.7mm) with specificity and sensitivity 100%.

Oxidative Stress Markers Evaluation after Prolonged Administration of Aqueous Extract of Raphia Hookeri Fruit Pulp in Male Wistar Rats

The study investigated effect of prolonged administration of Raphia Hookeri fruit pulp on oxidative stress markers in male wistar rats. A total of 24 male wistar rats of weight ranging from 200g to 350g were used. The rats divided in 4 groups, 3 groups administered orally with doses of extract at 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg and 2000mg/kg body weight while control group fed with feed and water for 28 days. The animals sacrificed, samples taken, laboratory test done for stress markers. Statistical analysis done at p<0.05, values expressed as SEM. Results showed Malondialdehyde (MDA) values for group 2(0.77 ± 0.32nm/ml), group 3(1.79 ± 0.73nm/ml) and group 4(3.35 ± 0.20nm/ml) while for group 1(Control group) MDA value is 4.10 ± 0.3nm/ml. Mean values for Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in treated groups (2-4) were 18.00 ± 1.0 units/ml, 29.50 ± 8.50units/ml, and 33.50 ± 37.25units/ml respectively and mean value for control group was 68.00 ± 4.0units/ml. Mean values for Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) in test groups (2-4) were 53.50 ± 10.50ng/ml, 63.50 ± 5.50ng/ml, and 82.50 ± 6.50ng/ml respectively. GPx value for control group was 94.00 ± 3.00ng/ml. There was a graded increase from low dose to high dose. All treated groups indicated marginally (P>0.05) reduced values of Percentage change in body weight when compared to the control group (Group 1). Elevated levels of MDA indicates an increased oxidative stress and lipid. Higher levels of SOD and Gpx. This research demonstrates the ability of Raphia Hookeri fruit pulp to decrease oxidative stress hence regular consumption is recommended.

Research on Teaching Methods of Higher Vocational Education Based on Multi-source Data Fusion under the Concept of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Education

Abstract With the development of the times, traditional innovation and entrepreneurship education exist in the backwardness of education concept and learning concept. This paper proposes a model for entrepreneurship innovation that incorporates multi-source data fusion technology. From both online and offline sources, we obtain multi-source data about the education and teaching methods of the entrepreneurship innovation education concept in higher vocational colleges and universities. In the process of multi-source data fusion, data is preprocessed to improve its quality and efficiency during data fusion. Using the least squares method to complete the multi-source data fusion operation, combined with the concept of entrepreneurship innovation education, co-designed a data fusion-driven innovative entrepreneurship education teaching model that integrates interactive and targeted teaching methods. The model underwent validation and analysis. The data show that after some time of adopting the targeted teaching method to teach students innovative and entrepreneurial concepts, the difference between the mean value of the level of creative and entrepreneurial concepts of the students in the experimental group mean value (43.79) and the control group mean value (43.79) is 4.55. The sig value is 0.019<0.05. Compared with traditional didactic teaching, the targeted teaching mode based on the multi-source data fusion technology is more helps to improve the level of innovation and entrepreneurship concepts of students in higher vocational colleges and universities.

Potential Of Mahkota Dewa Fruit (Phaleria macrocarpa) Flavonoids Extract and Dienogest to Reduce IL-17A Levels in Mice Endometriosis Model

Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease that occurs in glands outside the endometrium. Interleukin 17 (IL-17) is a proinflammatory cytokine degrading Th17 cells, which play an essential role in several inflammatory diseases. IL-17 expression is upregulated in serum, peritoneal fluid (PF), and endometriotic lesions from patients with endometriosis. Usually, treatment for endometriosis is dienogest. However, it has many side effects if used long-term. Fruit and seeds of Phaleria macrocarpa have various critical biological activities in the form of extracts such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. This study aims to analyze the effect of comparing flavonoid fruit extract of Phaleria macrocarpa and dienogest on IL-17A levels in endometriosis mice. A total of 35 endometriosis model mice were divided into seven groups, namely the group of healthy mice (without any treatment), the endometriosis group, and the endometriosis group, which were given the treatment of flavonoid fruit extracts of Phaleria macrocarpa and dienogest. The sample used in this study was peritoneal fluid. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measured IL-17A levels in each observation group. The hypothesis was tested using One-Way ANOVA analysis with SPSS software version 26. This study found a significant difference (p<0.05) between the mean values of the positive control group and the negative control group. There was also a significant difference (p<0.05) in the mean value IL-17 between the treatment groups that were given sphalerite macrocarpa and dienogest extracts. Flavonoid fruit extract of Phaleria macrocarpa had a significant effect on reducing IL-17A levels in endometriosis model mice, and there is a significant difference with dienogest. Thus, the flavonoid fruit extract of Phaleria macrocarpa can potentially treat endometriosis by decreasing inflammatory factors.

The Potential Regulatory Role of miR-378 in the Expression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-15 in Infertile Women with Hyperprolactinemia (HPL)

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between microRNA 378 and BMP15 gene expression levels in blood samples collected from 50 healthy fertile females as controls and 50 hyperprolactinemia infertile females by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Specific primers were designed for this purpose based on the sequences of microRNA 378 and BMP15 retrieved from NCBI and designed by primer 3 software. The result assessing the expression level of BMP15 in hyperprolactinemia (HPL) was 0.220, while the control group's fold change value was 1.000. The HPL group showed downregulation in the expression of the BMP15 gene. While the fold expression values of the miRNA378 gene in the hyperprolactinemia (HPL) group were 2.227 and the control group's mean value was 1.000, the HPL group showed up-regulation in the expression of the miRNA378 gene. The results of the study revealed that miR-378 has directly regulated BMP15 gene expression; based on this, BMP15 gene expression was obviously decreased. Therefore, the expression level of BMP15 was negatively correlated with miR-378 expression.

Effects of rasagiline combined with levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride on motor function and homocysteine and IGF-1 levels in elderly patients with Parkinson’s disease

BackgroundDuring the course of their illness, people with Parkinson’s disease may see changes in their insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and serum homocysteine (Hcy) indices. In this study, patients with intermediate to severe Parkinson’s disease were examined for how Resagiline and levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride affected their motor performance, serum levels of homocysteine (Hcy), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1).MethodsFrom June 2020 to December 2021, a total of 100+ cases of Parkinson’s patients over 60 years old in the middle and late stages of Parkinson’s were seen in the outpatient and inpatient departments of the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu City and had a detailed observation record, and according to the inclusion criteria, the patients who met the criteria were randomly grouped into a clinical observation group and a control group. The subjects in the control group received only levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride treatment, while the observation group was treated with Resagiline in combination with the clinical control group. The total treatment observation period was 1 year for both groups, and the motor function and serum Hcy and IGF-1 indexes of both groups were compared after the end of treatment.ResultsWe randomly and evenly grouped 64 patients who met the requirements of the inclusion criteria into a clinical observation group and a control group, each with 32 patients, from among 168 patients over 60 years of age with detailed observation records in the middle and late stages of Parkinson’s. After the 1-year observation period, we found that the total effective rate after treatment in the clinical observation group (93.75%) and significantly higher than that in the control group (68.75%) (P < 0.05); after 1 year of treatment, the UPDRS score decreased in both groups, and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05); after treatment, serum Hcy decreased and IGF-1 increased in both groups, and the observation group was higher than the control group mean values (P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn patients with Parkinson’s disease who are in the middle and late stages of the disease, the administration of Resagiline combined with levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride can significantly lower the body’s serum Hcy level, significantly raise IGF-1 levels, and significantly improve motor function in patients with Parkinson’s disease. It can also have significant therapeutic effects.

Effectiveness of Video-Assisted Distraction Technique in Reduction of Pain Among Preschool Children Undergoing Vein Puncture

Introduction: Vein puncture is an invasive but common procedure for children, often accompanied by pain, fear and anxiety and refuse to cooperate. Distraction technique is one of the non-pharmacological methods of controlling pain. The objective of this study was to find the effectiveness of video assisted distraction technique in reduction of pain among preschooler children.&#x0D; Methods: Quasi experimental study was conducted in Bharatpur Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal. 108 preschooler children consisting of 54 children in each experimental and control group selected by non-probability purposive sampling technique were enrolled in the study. Structured pain scale was used to collect data in both groups. Animated cartoon video was shown only to experimental group five minutes prior to until the vein puncture was over. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and inferential statistical tests.&#x0D; Results: In experimental group, 59.2% had moderate pain whereas 68.5% in control group had severe pain. The pain score of experimental group was significantly lower than that of control group at p = 0.05 with the mean value of experimental and control group 6.85 ± 0.79 and 7.25 ± 0.87 respectively.&#x0D; Conclusions: Distraction is an effective technique for children undergoing vein puncture in order to alleviate pain level during vein puncture

Effect of Soybean Extract on sFlt-1 LEVELS in Huvecs Cultures Induced by Preeclampsia Plasma

Preeclampsia is a dangerous pregnancy issue that causes hypertension at ≥20 weeks of gestation. Oxidative stress is known to play a role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia by raising the activity of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) and causing endothelial dysfunction. As a result, antioxidants are utilized as a therapy in preeclampsia to protect the body from the impacts of free radicals. This study aims to determine the effect of soybean extract on sFlt-1 levels in HUVECs cultures exposed to preeclamptic plasma. The benefit of this study is the consideration for clinicians to provide soybean ethanol extract supplements (Glycine max) to increase the potential of antihypertensive therapy. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures (HUVECs) were used in the study, which was conducted in vitro. HUVECs cultures were exposed to preeclampsia plasma and subsequently treated for 24 hours with various dosages of soybean extract. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measured the sFlt-1 levels in each observation group. The hypothesis was tested using One-Way ANOVA analysis with SPSS version 25 software. This study found a significant difference (p &lt;0,05) between the mean value of the positive control group and the negative control group. A significant difference was also found (p &lt;0,05) in the mean value of sFlt-1 between the positive control group and the treatment group that was given soybean extract at doses of 17,5 ppm. Soybean extract had a significant effect on decreasing sFlt-1 levels in HUVECs cultures exposed to preeclamptic plasma. Thus, soybeans isoflavones have the potential to treat preeclampsia by reducing anti-angiogenic factors.

Fostering twenty-first century skills among primary school students through math project-based learning

In today’s modern world, students must be equipped with twenty-first century skills, particularly those related to solving real-life problems, to ensure competitiveness in the current global economy. The present study employed project-based learning (PBL) as an instructional tool for teaching math at the primary level. A convergent mixed-methods approach was adopted to determine whether the PBL approach has improved students’ twenty-first century skills, including collaborative, problem-solving, and critical thinking skills. Thirty-five students of the experimental group were treated with PBL, while 35 students of the control were treated with the traditional teaching method. ANCOVA test for “critical thinking skills” showed a significant difference between the experimental and control group (F = 104.833, p = 0.000 < 0.05). For collaborative skills, results also showed a significant difference between the two groups (F = 32.335, p = 0.000 < 0.05). For problem-solving skills, the mean value of experimental (25.54) and control group (16.94) showed a high difference after the intervention. The t-value (8.284) and the p value (p = 0.000) also showed a highly significant difference. Observations of the classroom also revealed the favorable effects of employing PBL. PBL activities boosted the level of collaboration and problem-solving skills among students. Students could advance their collaboration abilities, including promoting one another’s viewpoints, speaking out when necessary, listening to one another, and participating in thoughtful discussions. During the PBL project, students’ active participation and effective collaboration were observed, significantly contributing to its success.

Effect of Temperature on Surface Hardness of Different Acrylic Materials utilized for space maintainer

Aim of the study: surface hardness is essential to avoid the indentation or scratch of space maintainer. Efforts have been made to improve the flexible and cold-cured acrylic's strength, by raising the processing temperature, unless the temperature has a chemical impact on the acrylic's qualities. The aim of this study was to study the effect of elevated temperature on the surface hardness of flexible and cold cured acrylic utilized as space maintainer appliance.&#x0D; Methods: Sixty specimens were divided into three groups: flexible acrylic ( Lingchen dental) , cold-cured acrylic (vertex) and (Paladur). Each group was subdivided into two subgroups,10 control and10 experimental . The control group for flexible acrylic was injected at 270 °C ,while for the two types of cold -cure, control groups, the specimens were processed at 37°C . The experimental group for flexible acrylic was injected at 290°C and for the two cold -cure types were processed at 70°C. Hardness was tested by Shore A device for flexible acrylic while for cold -cure specimens, shore D device was used. &#x0D; &#x0D; Results : results showed no significant increase in the hardness of flexible acrylic the mean value of control group is 66.44±0.47 while for experimental group is 66.50±0.48. For vertex and Paladur cold- cured acrylic the surface hardness was increased significantly with increasing processing temperature. The mean values of vertex and Paladur control groups are around 86.14±0.39 and 88.33±0.39 respectively, while for experimental groups are 88.39±0.40 and 88.70±0.25&#x0D; Conclusion : elevated processing temperature increased the surface hardness of both types of cold acrylic however; the hardness of flexible acrylic was not affected by temperature elevation.

Green Tea Kombucha Increases Leydig Cell Numbers and Testosterone Level in Male Wistar Rats Exposed to Nicotine Electric Cigarette Vapor

Background: Nicotine as a free radical reduces male fertility. Green tea, as an antioxidant, has contributed to protecting testes function; however, green tea kombucha has never been studied for such benefits. This study demonstrated the effect of green tea kombucha in increasing Leydig cells number and testosterone levels in male Wistar rats exposed to nicotine from electric cigarettes. Methods: A post-test-only control group trial was performed on 28 male Wistar rats randomly divided into control, untreated, treatment groups 1 and 2. The control group was exposed to e-cigarette vapor + 1 ml of distilled water. Treatment groups 1 and 2 were exposed to e-cigarette vapor + 0.5 ml/day and 1 ml/day of green tea kombucha, respectively—the e-cigarette vapor exposure occurred daily for 30 minutes. After 28 days, Leydig cell and testosterone levels were measured and compared between groups. Results: The control group's mean value of Leydig cell number is lower than untreated group (p=0.004). Only treatment group 2 had a higher mean of Leydig cell number than control (p&lt;0.001). The control group's mean value for testosterone levels was lower than untreated group (p&lt;0.001). The mean testosterone level in treatment groups 1 and 2 was higher than in untreated and control (p&lt;0.001). In addition, treatment group 2 had higher mean testosterone levels than group 1 (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Green tea kombucha has been shown to inhibit the harmful effects of nicotine. These results serve as a basis for the administration of green tea kombucha to prevent free radical-induced testosterone decline. Keywords: Kombucha, Leydig Cells, Testosterone, Nicotine, Antioxidant

Coagulation Parameters among Individuals with Hepatitis B Infections in Okada, Edo State, Nigeria

Hepatitis B Viral (HBV) infection is a condition of inflammation of the liver. The Liver plays a vital role in the body which includes filtration of the blood, production of coagulation proteins and also as a storage organ. In this study, alteration of some coagulation parameters which include, Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), Platelets counts (PLATS) were determined in sixty (60) known seropositive individuals using standard haemostatic techniques. There was a significant reduction in the mean value (mean values) on platelet counts in the seropositive individuals (p- value) compared to the control group (mean value), also revealed in this study is an increase in the mean-time which was significant of PT among test individuals compared to seronegative controls individuals, there was an increase prothrombin time as well as Activated partial prothrombin time with both having p- values &lt; 0.001. The average PT and APTT were 25.53 and 48.89 respectively. Individuals with Hepatitis B infection are thus liable to thrombocytopenia if not managed.

Comparison between Iraqi Jenoubi heifers and bulls fed on date palm pollen to accelerate puberty and sexual maturit

The objective of the current study was to compare puberty and sexual maturity in Iraqi Jenoubi bulls and heifers that were fed date palm pollen (DPP) in their diets. Ten Jenoubi heifers and ten bulls, 6-month-old were divided randomly into two treatments: DPP treatment (T1) supplemented with 2 g of DPP/ head/day and control treatment (T2) was not supplemented with DPP. In heifers, the overall mean value of control group was significantly lower (27.53, 0.96 ng/ml and 9.44 pg/ml) than treatment group (70.42, 18.27 ng/ml and 19.16 pg/ml) for FSH, LH and estrogen, respectively in puberty period. Similar trend was noticed for hormone concentrations (FSH, LH, Estrogen and Testosterone) for bulls at puberty and maturity age. In bulls, T1 was significantly higher (155 and 212.5 kg) than control group (139.5 and 196 kg) for body weight in puberty and maturity age respectively, and in heifers T1 was significantly higher (150.33 and 206.66 kg) than control group (142 and 198.66 kg) for body weight in puberty and maturity age respectively, and same trend was observed for body condition score (BCS). It can be concluded that adding date palm pollen to ration of heifers and bulls accelerates puberty and maturity in heifers and bulls. But the acceleration in heifers was more than in bulls.

Assessment of serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP 1) in patients with periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Background: Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) is a chemokine expressed by inflammatory and endothelial cells. It has a crucial role in initiating, regulating, and mobilizing monocytes to active sites of periodontal inflammation. Its expression is also elevated in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli and tissue injury, both of which are linked to atherosclerotic lesions. Aim of the study: To determine the serum level of MCP-1 in patients with periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in comparison to healthy control and evaluate the biomarker's correlations with periodontal parameters. methods: This study enrolled 88 subjects, both males and females, ranging in age from 36-66 years old, and divided into four groups: 1ST group with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) without periodontal disease (25 patients), 2nd group with periodontitis and systemically healthy, (25 patients),3rdgroup having both ASCVD and periodontitis (25 patients), and the 4th is the control group without any systemic disease and with good oral hygiene (13 subjects). The clinical periodontal parameters plaque index (PL I), Bleeding on probing (BOP), Probing Pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were used to evaluate periodontal health status. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease patients were chosen after clinical examination by specialists and diagnoses confirmed with catheterization. Following clinical assessment, 5ml of venous blood was drawn from each participant MCP-1 levels in the blood were then measured using enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: According to the findings of this study, the mean values of PLI and BOP were higher in periodontitis group and athero+periodontitis group than in athero group and control group, PPD and CAL mean values were greater in athero+periodontitis group than in periodontitis group. The serum level of MCP-1 was higher in athero+periodontitis group than in athero, periodontitis and control groups. Regarding the correlations between MCP-1 and clinical periodontal parameters. In periodontitis group there was a positive correlation with PPD and CAL and there was a positive correlation with CAL in athero+periodontitis. Conclusion: This study revealed that periodontitis with higher MCP-1 level may be linked to an increased risk of atherosclerosis.

Definition of Intraocular Lens Position after Suture Fixation to the Iris in Remote Post-Op Period with Optical Coherence Tomography

Introduction. Intracapsular IOL position is optimal from optical point of view and in anatomical sense results in formation of a new structure — IOL-capsular bag complex (ICBC). Stable IOL position in post-op period in some cases may be disturbed in some cases due to capsular bag fibrosis or progressive involution zonulolysis against the background of pseudoexfoliation syndrome. The disturbance of correct IOL optic part position (tilt/decentration) results in a decrease of visual acuity and appearance of optic aberrations. ICBC is a dynamic structure from architectonic point of view. Fibrosis of capsular sheets and increase of equatorial cortex (Zommering ring) may result to IOL shift in long term post-op period. Accurate definition of these parameters is crucial for estimation of impact on visual functions. The existing methods of IOL position definition are based on various principles, therefore, it is not correct to compare the parameters obtained with various devices.Pursope. To develop a method of IOL tilt and decentration definition with optical coherence tomography (Optovue, AS-OCT) and to define these parameters after suture fixation of IOL-capsular bag complex to the iris in remote post-op period.Methods. The parameters of 50 eyes operated from 2014 to 2016 for ICBC dislocation were estimated. The patients were examined again in 5 years or later. Definition of IOL position was performed with optical coherence tomography (Optovue, ASOCT) using Cornea Crossline protocol. For estimation of obtained parameters and their deviation from normal the study group was compared with a control group of 30 pseudophakic eyes with high uncorrected visual acuity.Results. In the study group the following data was obtained. Mean value of IOL tilt angle was 3.02 ± 2.04° in the horizontal meridian and 2.39 ± 1.4° in the vertical meridian. Decentration from the center of non-mydriatic pupil was 396 ± 222 microns in the horizontal meridian and 455 ± 278 microns in the vertical meridian. In the control group mean value of IOL tilt angle was 3.04° ± 1.28° in the horizontal meridian and 1.43° ± 0.53° in the vertical meridian. Decentration from the center of non-mydriatic pupil was 190 ± 114 microns in the horizontal meridian and 259 ± 108 microns in the vertical meridian. The difference between the groups is statistically significant (p &lt; 0,05).Conclusion. The developed method allows non-contact definition of IOL position (tilt/decentration) with optical coherence tomography (Optovue, AS-OCT). The obtained data shows stable correct frontal position of IOL optic part in remote post-op period after suture fixation of ICBC to the iris.

First Aid Education Media for Fracture Victims Through Android Applications on Student Knowledge

Heavy traffic increases the number of accidents. One of the accidents resulted in a fracture. High school students are competent to be trained, where they coexist with the broader community, enabling them to become victims or helpers in emergencies. This study aims to determine the effect of first aid education for fracture victims with android application media on the knowledge of the members of the Youth Red Cross at SMAN 3 Sukadana. This research is a quasi-experiment with a pre and post-test control group design model. The number of samples, as many as 26 people,e were divided intotwo2 groups. The results showed that the mean value for the pretest intervention group was 31.,31 with a standard deviation of 11.77. Meanwhile, the posttest means 90.15 with a standard deviation of 9.71. The difference between the mean pretest and posttest was -58.846 with a standard deviation of 10.792, 95% CI -65.367 - -52.324, and p 0.000. The mean value for the pretest control group was 34.31, with a standard deviation of 5.97. While the post-test mean is 40.46 with a standard deviation of 10.82. The mean pretest and posttest were -6,153 with a standard deviation of 12,661, 95% CI -13,804 - 1.497, and p 0.105. This study concludes that there is a significant effect on first aid education for fracture victims using android application media on the knowledge of PMR members of SMAN 3 Sukadana with p = 0.000 (&lt;0.05).

Comparison of serum troponin level and echocardiographic parameters between male and femal patients with ACS

Background: Acute Coronary Syndrome is one of the commonly diagnosed life threatening condition as of now. Hence it is necessary to diagnose early and assess the severity of disease as soon as possible. Troponin is considered a specific marker for the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Aim: To estimate the high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) in Acute coronary syndrome patients. Also to compare serum troponin levels and echocardiographic parameter in patient's gender. Materials and Methods: 70 patients of both sexes who got admitted within 24 hours after onset of symptoms and diagnosed as Acute Coronary Syndrome in Hospital of Baghdad /medical city during the period of December 2020 to December 2021. The (hs-cTn) was measure in the blood with Elisa Assay kit. Results: This study included 70 patients, they divided into two groups: Male group and female group. The control group included 20 healthy persons. There was a significant increase in the frequency of ACS among males in comparison to females (P-value =0.0027). The mean (± SEM) value of serum hs-troponin I concentrations did not differ significantly (p=0.372) as compared with mean (± SEM) value of serum control group.

MULTIMEDIA-ASSISTED GENRATIVE LEARNING MODEL TOWARDS IPA LEARNING SATISFACTION IN STUDENTS OF GRADE IV ELEMENTARY SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENT SCHOOL YEAR 2020/2021

The development of science and technology has brought about changes in almost all aspects of human life. In addition to bringing benefits to human life, on the one hand these changes also lead us to an era of increasingly fierce global competition. The Generative learning model is one of the learning models that make IPA learning more meaningful and can create a constructivist learning climate with the basic assumption that knowledge is built into students' minds. This research aims to find out the influence of multimedia-assisted generative learning models on IPA learning satisfaction in grade IV students in Elementary School Achievement School. In the Generative learning model, students themselves are more mentally active in building their knowledge, while teachers are more instrumental as facilitators and mediators in learning. The type of research conducted is quantitative pseudo-experiments and the design of non-equivalent control group design. In this design there are experimental samples and control samples. The samples used were two 4th grade groups of Insan Achievement School Elementary School. After research conducted in grade IV elementary school achievement school obtained results, namely the difference in average questionnaire level of IPA learning satisfaction between groups of students who were taught using multimedia-assisted generative learning model with conventionally taught students. This is obtained from the comparison of mean after being given the questionnaire of both groups. The experimental group had a mean of 119.79 higher than the control group's mean value of 96,429 ANAVA test results and the learning satisfaction questionnaire of Fhi numera = 21,348 then compared to Ftable = 4.03, so Fcalculated &gt; Ftable. There is a rejection of H0. So it can be concluded that the Multimedia Assisted Generative Learning Model has a significant effect on IPA learning satisfaction in students of grade IV Elementary School Achievement School Year 2020/2021.

Effectiveness of hot water foot bath therapy on body temperature among patients with fever in selected ICUs of a tertiary care hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab

Fever itself is not an illness. A fever is usually a sign that immune system is busy fighting an infection or other illness. Water is an excellent conductor, which allows it to transfer heat effectively and quickly. Water has a temperature conducting capacity twenty-seven times that of air. When Hot Water Foot Bath applied for 15-20 minutes the blood vessels in the feet starts expanding and gets improved circulation, and relieving aches, tiredness and fever. The improved blood circulation resets the hypothalamic set points by heat transfer from higher heat area to lower heat area. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of hot water foot bath therapy on body temperature among patients with fever. Methodology: In this study, with Quantitative approach, pre-test and post-test control group design was used. This study was conducted in ICUs of Tertiary care Hospital, Ludhiana The target population consists of patients with fever admitted in ICUs. Purposive sampling technique was used to draw sample from target population as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. With lottery method, patients (N= 50) were divided into two groups i.e. n1=25 (experimental group) and n2=25 (Control group). Pre-test of body temperature was done by using standardized digital thermometer. For experimental group, hot water foot bath therapy at 107.6 °F (42°C) water temperature as measured with lotion thermometer was given for 15 minutes. Later, post-test of body temperature was done to determine the effectiveness of hot water foot bath therapy. Result: The findings of the study showed that significant difference has been found in experimental group and control group in pre-test and post-test between the groups and within experimental groups. In between the groups, i.e. in experimental group was 99.424±0.5811 and in control group was 100.648±05516. Within the experimental group, mean value of body temperature in pre-test was 100.632 ±0.4110 °F, in posttest it was 99.424 ±0.5811°F, whereas, in control group mean value of body temperature in pre-test was 100.624±0.4944°F, and in post-test it was 100.648±0.5516°F. Conclusion: The finding of the study demonstrated that hot water foot bath therapy was an effective non-Pharmacological method to reduce the body temperature. The mean post-test body temperature was lower than mean pre-test body temperature. There was significant difference in body temperature has been found between the experimental group and control group, as well as with in the experimental group in pre-test and post-test.