Mothers In Control Group Research Articles

A Quasi Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Postnatal Complications among High Risk Antenatal Mothers attending Antenatal Outpatient Department at Selected Hospitals of Jalandhar, Punjab

Pregnancy is a normal physiological process and not a disease. High risk pregnancy is a condition that may be present before and in pregnancy. Specific factors that might contribute to a high risk pregnancy include advanced maternal age, anemia, lifestyle choices, gestational diabetes, antepartum haemorrhage and hypertension that leads to postnatal complications-hemorrhage, puerperal sepsis, Perineal injuries and eclampsia. The main aim of the study was to enhance the knowledge regarding postnatal complications among high risk antenatal mothers by providing structured teaching programme in order to improve the maternal health. For this study Quasi Experimental research design was used. The study was conducted on purposively selected 60 high risk antenatal mothers attending antenatal outpatient department at selected hospitals of Jalandhar, Punjab. Data was collected by Socio-demographic variables and Structured Knowledge Interview Schedule. Collected data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Tables and Bar diagrams were used to depict the findings. The pretest mean knowledge score in control group and experimental group was 16.8 and 16.93 respectively whereas the posttest mean knowledge score in control group and experimental group was 16.53 and 23.17 respectively. The difference of pretest posttest mean knowledge score of high risk antenatal mothers in control group was nonsignificant whereas it was statistically significant in experimental group. The tcal 0.2407 < ttab 1.96 in control group whereas in experimental group tcal 5.8433 < ttab 1.96. So the difference of posttest mean knowledge score of experimental group was statistically significant at p < 0.05 level. Thus, it indicated that structured teaching programme had significant impact on knowledge regarding postnatal complications among high risk antenatal mothers in experimental group. In this study association between posttest knowledge regarding postnatal complications among high risk antenatal mothers in experimental group with occupation.

The effects of prenatal long-duration exposure to 900-MHz electromagnetic field on the 21-day-old newborn male rat liver.

To determine what effect a 900-MHz electromagnetic field (EMF) applied in the prenatal period would have on the liver in the postnatal period. At the start of the study, adult pregnant rats were divided into two groups, control and experimental. The experimental group was exposed to a 900-MHz EMF for 1 h daily during days 13-21 of pregnancy. After birth, no procedure was performed on either mothers or pups. Male rat pups (n = 6) from the control group mothers (CGMR) and male rat pups (n = 6) from the experimental group mothers (EGMR) were sacrificed on postnatal day 21. Biochemical analyses showed that malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase values increased and glutathione levels decreased in the EGMR pups. Marked hydropic degeneration in the parenchyma, particularly in pericentral regions, was observed in light microscopic examination of EGMR sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Examinations under transmission electron microscope revealed vacuolization in the mitochondria, expansion in the endoplasmic reticulum, and necrotic hepatocytes. The study results show that a 900-MHz EMF applied in the prenatal period caused oxidative stress and pathological alterations in the liver in the postnatal period.

Material hardship and 529 college savings plan participation: The mitigating effects of Child Development Accounts

Experience of material hardship can adversely affect a family’s ability to make long-term investments in children’s development. We examine whether material hardship is associated with one indicator of such investments: participation in a tax-advantaged college savings plan (529 plan). Data for this study come from the SEED for Oklahoma Kids (SEED OK) experiment, an intervention that offers Child Development Accounts with financial incentives to encourage the accumulation of college savings for children from the time of their birth. Results show that material hardship is negatively associated with 529-plan participation, and this association varies by treatment status. At all levels of material hardship, treatment-group mothers are more likely to hold accounts than control-group mothers. These findings suggest that CDAs can be a useful policy tool to support families’ financial preparation for college.

DAMPAK INTERVENSI PENDIDIKAN "GI-PSI-SEHAT" BAGI IBU TERHADAP KONSUMSI PANGAN DAN STATUS GIZI ANAK USIA DINI

THE IMPACT OF EDUCATION MODEL “GI-PSI-SEHAT” (NUTRITIONPSYCHOSOSIAL-HEALTH) FOR MOTHER ON FOOD CONSUMPTION AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN UNDER TWO YEAR The objective of this study is to develop and to analyze the education wholistic model (NutritionPsychosocial-Health) in order to build good food consumption pattern for children through the improvement of mother’s behaviour. A quasi experiment, nonrandomized control group pretest -posttest design study, of the impact of the education model “GI-PSI-SEHAT” (NutritionPsychosocial-Health) has been carried out at urban area in Bogor, West Java. The total of respondent are 131 primiparous mothers of children of 0-11 months, who are selected by purposive sampling technique, which consist of 66 mothers in control group and 65 mothers in intervention group, who participated in the intervention programme. During five months, education model “GI-PSI-SEHAT” was conducted by face to face method, in groups or individually, with combination of teaching techniques i.e. speech, discussion, simulation, practical and home visit. Teaching aids i.e. booklets, flip-chart, food-models, and real things was used in order to increase the effectiveness of the programme. The study reveals that the intervention of “GI-PSI-SEHAT” improves food consumption pattern, whether in punctuality, food diversification, or the frequency of food consumption. In eight months time, the intervention enable the increase of the Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) as an overall measure of the nutrient adequacy. The impact of the intervention of “GI-PSI-SEHAT” is decrease of z-score of weight-for-age and height-for-age of the intervention group is lower than the control group, especially for children under 12 month. Classification and regression tree statistical analysis demonstrated that independent variables have strong association with response variables. Nutritional status of mother based on Body Mass Index (BMI) is the dominant variable associated with nutritional status of children based on z-score of weight for age, on the other hand Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) is the dominant variable associated with nutritional status of children based on z-score of height for age. Wholistic education model “GI-PSI-SEHAT” for mothers with some modification may applicable at another area, especially for community with low education level. Keywords : nutrition education, children under two years, complementary feeding, food consumption pattern, nutritional status.

Relationship Pattern of Mothers with Functional Constipated Infants

Relationship Pattern of Mothers with Functional Constipated Infants The present article investigates whether or not mothers of infants with functional constipation have a specific relationship pattern. This question is addressed by analyzing the data collected at the day care clinic for infant regulation disorders with appropriate methods like the questionnaire for the assessment of adjustment of mothers with children in infancy (EMKK, Engfer u. Codreanu, 1984) described here. The evaluation of data was performed in two ways: first with regard to the clinical study group of mothers with infants (age range from one to five years) suffering from functional constipation, and then compared to a clinical control group of mothers with infants who are coping with regulation disorders (by definition per Papouŝek, Schieche, Wurmser, 2010). With this comparison differences between the two groups are made visible and clinical interventions can be deduced accordingly. If the groups do not differ in their pattern described by the EMKK, the possible interventions can be adopted from the well-studied area of regulation disorders. The focus on analyzing the data of mothers with functional constipated infants serves as an important starting point for providing the best possible alignment of clinical intervention.

Text2Floss: the feasibility and acceptability of a text messaging intervention to improve oral health behavior and knowledge.

Text messaging is useful for promoting numerous health-related behaviors. The Text2Floss Study examines the feasibility and utility of a 7-day text messaging intervention to improve oral health knowledge and behavior in mothers of young children. Mothers were recruited from a private practice and a community clinic. Of 156 mothers enrolled, 129 randomized into text (n = 60) and control groups (n = 69) completed the trial. Participants in the text group received text messages for 7 days, asking about flossing and presenting oral health information. Oral health behaviors and knowledge were surveyed pre- and post-intervention. At baseline, there were no differences between text and control group mothers in knowledge and behaviors (P > 0.10). Post-intervention, text group mothers flossed more (P = 0.01), had higher total (P = 0.0006) and specific (P < 0.05) knowledge, and tried to improve their child's oral health behaviors (P = 0.03) and decrease their soda and sugary snacks (P = 0.05) more than control mothers. Text messages were accepted and perceived as useful. Mothers receiving text messages improved their own oral health behaviors and knowledge as well as their behaviors regarding their children's oral health. Text messaging represents a viable method to improve oral health behaviors and knowledge. Its high acceptance may make it useful for preventing oral disease.

The effect of lactation educators implementing a telephone-based intervention among low-income Hispanics: A randomised trial.

To assess whether a phone-based breastfeeding intervention delivered by lactation educators influenced exclusive breastfeeding rates amongst low-income Hispanic women in the USA. Randomised two-group design. Pregnant low-income Hispanic women (298) were recruited from community health clinics in Los Angeles County (USA) and randomly assigned to either a control or an intervention group. Data relating to the factors associated with breastfeeding were collected during the third trimester. Breastfeeding outcome data was collected at 72 hours, one month, three months, and six months postpartum. There were no differences between the groups in rates of breastfeeding initiation. There was a significant difference in the duration of exclusive breastfeeding among participants during the infant's first week of life. While not significant, after controlling for covariates and intent to breastfeed at third trimester, the duration of exclusive breastfeeding amongst all participants was, on average, longer for intervention group mothers than control group mothers. Additionally, , the intervention group mothers were more likely to report exclusive and only breastfeeding at all data points compared to the control group, and less likely to discontinue breastfeeding. Findings from this study suggest that telephone-based breastfeeding interventions delivered by a lactation educator show promise as a cost-effective strategy for improving both the quantity and duration of breastfeeding among low-income Hispanic women in the USA. Intervention group mothers not only sustained breastfeeding for a longer durations, but also provided their infants with greater amounts of breast milk over these longer durations.

Home-use icterometry in neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia: Cluster-randomised controlled trial in Vietnam.

To determine whether home-use icterometry improves parental recognition of neonatal jaundice, early care seeking and treatment to minimize risks of bilirubin encephalopathy. Cluster-randomised controlled trial of community-level icterometry used at home by mothers in Chi Linh, Vietnam. Rural health-care workers identified and enrolled term newborns. Post-partum mothers received jaundice education and icterometry instructions and were cluster-randomised by commune. Cases received icterometers (icterometer group (IG)) and controls did not (control group (CG)). Subjects received mobile telephone calls from post-natal days 2-7 to determine maternal recognition by visual inspection and icterometer detection of jaundice (≥ 3.0 on five-point scale). Mothers without telephones, premature newborns (<35 weeks) or newborns hospitalised >5 days were excluded. Three hundred fifty-two subjects were enrolled (183 IG and 169 CG), of whom 11 (3.4%) were lost to telephone follow-up. Jaundice was recognised and/or detected in 94 (27%) of all newborns. Icterometry helped 11 mothers (6%) detect neonatal jaundice that was not visually recognised by IG mothers. Detection by IG mothers was not statistically greater than CG mothers (P = 0.09). Follow-up care seeking was 8% in both groups (P = 0.2), and 11% of jaundiced newborns received treatment (9% IG vs. 16% CG, P = 0.3). Newborns who received care had bilirubin measurements that averaged 257 μmol/L IG vs. 322 μmol/L CG (P = 0.3). There were no deaths. In this pilot study, home-use icterometry may help improve parental detection of jaundice in rural Vietnam. However, larger studies are necessary to determine the changes in recognition, care seeking and treatment.

Neonatal Outcomes after Preconceptional Vaginal Micronized Progesterone Administration in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Five Years Prospective Study

ABSTRACT Objectives The objective of this prospective study was to analyze the effect of vaginal micronized progesterone (VMP) daily administrated in women with recurrent pregnancy loss, recurrent miscarriage, and/or preterm birth on neonatal outcomes. Methods In the treat group patients received 200 mg/day VMP (14 days/month, during the luteal phase) from preconception until completed 36 weeks of gestation. Women from the control group did not receive VPM treatment. Ultrasonographic examination was performed for gestational age confirmation, assessment of cervical length and congenital malformation screening in fetus. Results Compared with the control group, the women from the VMP group had a decreased time to conception, lower frequency of miscarriages and higher gestational age at delivery. Newborns from mothers treated with VPM had significantly higher birth weight than newborns from the control group of mothers (p = 0.022). The frequency of stillbirths and the need for oxygen supplementation and mechanical ventilation was lower in the newborns from treated group of mother compared with control group. Conclusion Vaginal micronized progesterone 200 mg/day from preconception to 36 weeks of gestation in women with recurrent pregnancy loss reduced the frequency of miscarriages, stillbirths, preterm births and neonatal morbidity. How to cite this article Russu M, Stănculescu R, Păun M, Marin JA. Neonatal Outcomes after Preconceptional Vaginal Micronized Progesterone Administration in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Five Years Prospective Study. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(2):128-133.

The Effect of Spiritual Self-Care Training on Feeling of Comfort in Mothers of Hospitalized Preterm Infants

Background and Aim: The stress resulting from premature delivery and the related neonatal care induces psychological and physical pressure on the mothers, and adversely affects their feeling of comfort. It seems that spiritual care as a sort of communication with a higher power (God) can bring peace to the stressed mothers, and prevent anxiety. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of spiritual self-care training on feeling of comfort in mothers of preterm infants, hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 60 mothers of preterm infants hospitalized in NICU of Omolbanin and Ghaem hospitals, Mashhad, Iran in 2013, were selected, using convenience sampling, and were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. In order to familiarize the mothers with their infants’ condition, the mothers in both intervention and control groups were informed and trained for 15 minutes every day, over a 14-day period. The intervention group, in addition to infant-related information, received spiritual self-care training for 45 minutes in 6 sessions, every other day. Before and after each session of self-care training, the mothers filled a self-structured questionnaire related to feeling of comfort resulting from spiritual care. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16, by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-test, and Chi-square tests. Results: According to the results, the total mean of maternal feeling of comfort was 50.0 ± 4.3 and 55.6 ± 3.3 before and after the intervention, respectively. The results of t-test indicate that comfort significantly increased after the intervention (P=0.000). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, spiritual self-care training increases the feeling of comfort in mothers with premature infants, hospitalized in NICU.

Effectiveness of Responsive Teaching With Children With Down Syndrome

A randomized control study was conducted to evaluate Responsive Teaching (RT) with a sample of 15 Turkish preschool-aged children with Down syndrome (DS) and their mothers over a six-month period of time. RT is an early intervention curriculum that attempts to promote children's development by encouraging parents to engage in highly responsive interactions with them. Subjects were randomly assigned to treatment conditions: the control group consisted of standard preschool classroom services; the RT group received bi-weekly RT parent-child sessions in addition to standard services. RT mothers made significantly greater increases in their Responsiveness and Affect as wellas decreases in Directiveness than control group mothers. There were also significant group differences in children's interactive engagement and development. Children in the RT group improved their developmental quotient scores by an average of 47% compared to 7% for children in the control group. Results are described in terms of the effects of parental responsive interaction on the developmental functioning of children with DS.

The effects of music and movement on mother–infant interactions

Two experiments investigated the effects of a music and movement (M&M) programme on healthy first-time mothers and their 2–6-month-old infants over a five-week period. Experiment 1 (N = 96) examined the effects of the M&M activities and the face-to-face (F2F) social contact of a group instruction method on the perception of mothers' interactions with their infants and maternal postnatal attachment. Generally, M&M increased mothers' interactions with their infants specific to music-type activities and mothers' attachment to their infants. Contrary results occurred for No M&M-control group mothers. The presence/absence of F2F had no effect. Experiment 2 (N = 44) focused on behavioural effects of M&M on mothers' infant-directed speech (IDS) and mother–infant reciprocity. M&M increased dyadic reciprocity, and increased the duration, mean pitch and pitch range of mothers' IDS. Without M&M a decrease in attentional characteristics of mothers' IDS and dyadic reciprocity occurred.

Limiting Home Visiting Effects: Maternal Depression as a Moderator of Child Maltreatment

To test, with a sample of adolescent mothers (16-20 at childbirth) and their first-born infants/toddlers (average age 1 year), whether the impact of a home visiting (HV) child maltreatment prevention program was moderated by maternal depression. The study design was a randomized controlled trial of Healthy Families Massachusetts, a statewide child maltreatment prevention program. A total of 707 first-time mothers were randomly assigned to the HV or control group. The HV group received visits from paraprofessional home visitors. Mothers in the control group were referred to other service providers. The outcome variable consisted of state Child Protective Services reports of child abuse and neglect (mother or other person as perpetrator). Maternal depression was assessed by maternal report (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression questionnaire). A considerable proportion of families had child maltreatment reports (30% of sample) and maternal depression (38% had clinically significant symptoms). Most maltreatment was neglect. Among control group mothers, reports of maltreatment did not vary according to depressive symptoms. For HV mothers, probability of reports varied with levels of depressive symptoms. Nonsymptomatic HV mothers were less likely to have a child who was reported for maltreatment compared with HV mothers who endorsed clinical levels of depressive symptoms. The prevalence of maternal depressive symptoms in this sample, and the link between depression and child maltreatment prevention program effectiveness, suggest that home visitors be alert to maternal depression. Programs also should be aware of possible surveillance effects related to maternal depression.

Breastfeeding and Complementary Food: Randomized Trial of Community Doula Home Visiting

Despite recent efforts to increase breastfeeding, young African American mothers continue to breastfeed at low rates, and commonly introduce complementary foods earlier than recommended. This study examines the effects of a community doula home visiting intervention on infant feeding practices among young mothers. Low-income, African American mothers (n = 248) under age 22 years participated in a randomized trial of a community doula intervention. Intervention-group mothers received services from paraprofessional doulas: specialized home visitors trained as childbirth educators and lactation counselors. Doulas provided home visits from pregnancy through 3 months postpartum, and support during childbirth. Control-group mothers received usual prenatal care. Data were obtained from medical records and maternal interviews at birth and 4 months postpartum. Intent-to-treat analyses showed that doula-group mothers attempted breastfeeding at a higher rate than control-group mothers (64% vs 50%; P = .02) and were more likely to breastfeed longer than 6 weeks (29% vs 17%; P = .04), although few mothers still breastfed at 4 months. The intervention also impacted mothers' cereal/solid food introduction (P = .008): fewer doula-group mothers introduced complementary foods before 6 weeks of age (6% vs 18%), while more waited until at least 4 months (21% vs 13%) compared with control-group mothers. Community doulas may be effective in helping young mothers meet breastfeeding and healthy feeding guidelines. The intervention's success may lie in the relationship that develops between doula and mother based on shared cultural background and months of prenatal home visiting, and the doula's presence at the birth, where she supports early breastfeeding experiences.

Histological Study On Hippocampus Following Low Lead Exposure During Prenatal And Postnatal Brain Development In Rats.

Background: Neuropsychological studies in children who are exposed to lead have confirmed its detrimental effects on behavioral and cognitive development. However there is inconsistency in information on the crucial period of brain development as far as lead neurotoxicity is concerned. Aims: To assess the cellular damage in hippocampus of rat pups exposed to lead during different periods of early brain development. Methods: Four groups of rat pups were investigated. (a) control group (n=6) (mothers of these rats were given normal drinking water throughout gestation), (b) Gestation lead exposed group (n=6) (exposed to 0.2% lead acetate in the drinking water through the mother throughout gestation [gestation day 01 to day 21]), (c) Lactation lead exposed group (n=6) (exposed to 0.2% lead acetate in the drinking water through the mother throughout lactation [postnatal day 01 to day 29]), (d) Gestation and lactation lead exposed group (n=6) (exposed to 0.2% lead acetate throughout gestation and lactation). On postnatal day 30, rat pups of all the groups were sacrificed. Numbers of surviving neurons in the CA3 and dentate gyrusregions of hippocampus were counted following cresyl violet staining. The significance of differences among the groups were assessed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison test.P values &lt; 0.05 were considered as significant. Results: Hippocampal histological data indicate that lead exposure caused significant damage to neurons of CA3 and dentate gyrus in all lead exposed groups and the extent of damage to neurons of CA3 and dentate gyrus of Lactation group was comparable to Gestation and lactation group. Conclusion: Postnatal period of brain development seems to be more vulnerable to lead neurotoxicity as it had shown significant hippocampal damage even though period of exposure was less compared to Gestation and lactation group.

Effect of 7 days of phenytoin on the pharmacokinetics of and the development of resistance to single-dose nevirapine for perinatal HIV prevention: a randomized pilot trial

To confirm whether 7 days of phenytoin, an enzyme inducer, would decrease the elimination half-life of single-dose nevirapine and to investigate its effect on the development of nevirapine resistance in pregnant, HIV-infected women. In a pharmacokinetic pilot trial (NCT01187719), HIV-infected, antiretroviral (ARV)-naive pregnant women ≥18 years old from Zambia and Tanzania and with CD4 cell counts >350 cells/mm(3) were randomized 1 : 1 to a control (zidovudine pre-delivery, single-dose nevirapine/zidovudine/lamivudine at delivery and zidovudine/lamivudine for 7 days post-delivery) or an intervention (control plus 184 mg of phenytoin once daily for 7 days post-delivery) group. Primary endpoints were the pharmacokinetics of and resistance to nevirapine. Thirty-five and 37 women were allocated to the control and intervention groups, with median (IQR) ages of 27 (23-31) and 27 (23-33) years, respectively. Twenty-three and 23 women had detectable nevirapine levels at delivery and subsequent samples in the control and the intervention groups, respectively. Geometric mean (GM) (95% CI) plasma levels of nevirapine at delivery were 1.02 (0.58-1.78) mg/L and 1.14 (0.70-1.86) mg/L in the control and intervention groups, respectively (P = 0.76). One week after delivery, 0/23 (0%) and 15/22 (68%) control and intervention mothers, respectively, had undetectable levels of nevirapine (<0.05 mg/L; P<0.001). One week later, the figures were 10/21 (48%) and 18/19 (95%) mothers, respectively (P = 0.002). The GM (95% CI) half-life of nevirapine was 63.2 (52.8-75.7) versus 25.5 (21.6-30.1) h in the control group versus the intervention group (P < 0.001). New nevirapine mutations were found in 0/20 (0%) intervention-group mothers versus 1/21 (5%) control-group mothers. Overall, there was no difference in adverse events reported between the control and intervention arms (P > 0.28). Adding 7 days of an enzyme inducer to single-dose nevirapine to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV significantly reduced subtherapeutic nevirapine levels by shortening the half-life of nevirapine. As prolonged subtherapeutic nevirapine dosage leads to the emergence of resistance, single-dose nevirapine could be used with phenytoin as an alternative if other ARVs were unavailable.

The Relationship Among Skin‐to‐Skin Contact, Breastfeeding, and Mother–Infant Interaction: Implications for Nursing

Newborn Care Poster Presentation Objective To investigate the effect of mother–infant skin‐to‐skin contact (SSC) on the maintenance of breastfeeding over the first 3 months and the effect of breastfeeding on mother–infant interaction. Design Longitudinal quasi‐experiment. Setting Home visits in eastern Nova Scotia. Sample Seventy‐seven full‐term infants and their mothers were seen in their homes at 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months. Methods Mothers in an SSC group were requested to provide SSC, no request for SSC was made to control group mothers. All mothers kept daily records of the SSC they provided. The SSC group mothers provided approximately 5 hours/day of SSC in the infants' first week and then more than 2 hours/day until the infants were 1 month old. Control group mothers provided little or no SSC. At each home visit, mothers reported whether they provided exclusive breastfeeding, partial breastfeeding, or no breastfeeding. Mother–infant interactions were assessed at each visit using the Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale (NSAFS). Results The SSC group mothers provided more SSC than control group mothers (week 1: SSC, M = 4.92 hours/day, control M = 0.48 hours/day; weeks 2‐4 SSC, M = 2.77 hours/day, control M = 0.19 hours/day). At 1 week, the percentage of breastfeeding dyads was similar in both groups (exclusive: SSC=77%, control=69%; exclusive + partial: SSC=81%, control=75%). The percentage of breastfeeding dyads (exclusive + partial) declined in the control group as the infants aged but remained stable in the SSC group. Breastfeeding dyads had significantly higher scores on the NCAFS Caregiver Scale, indicating more positive maternal interactions at 1 week, 2 months, and 3 months. Conclusion/Implications for Nursing Practice Though numerous studies have shown SSC to benefit newborns' physiological adjustment, few studies have investigated the effect of SSC on breastfeeding duration beyond the newborn period. In this study, SSC facilitated the maintenance of breastfeeding during the infants' early months, and breastfeeding was associated with increased positive maternal interactions. The findings imply the importance of the promotion of SSC to help mothers maintain the decision to breastfeed to the benefits of infants, mothers, and the developing mother–infant relationship. As providers of postpartum care, nurses are uniquely positioned to educate and support mothers in SSC and to influence broader public health policy about maternal–child health.

Reduced Healthcare Utilization At 6‐Week Corrected Age Among Premature Infants After the H‐HOPE Mother–Infant Developmental Intervention

<h2>Newborn Care Paper Presentation</h2><h3>Objective</h3> To examine whether an integrated developmental intervention for mothers and their premature infants results in lower levels of healthcare utilization (HCU) between hospital discharge and 6‐week corrected age (CA). <h3>Design</h3> Prospective randomized clinical trial. <h3>Setting</h3> Two community hospital neonatal intensive care units. <h3>Sample</h3> Sample included (<i>N</i> = 145) otherwise healthy infants, 29‐ to 34‐week gestational age at birth, whose mothers reported at least two of 10 social‐environmental risk factors, for example, poverty, minority status. <h3>Methods</h3> The Impacts of Hospital‐Home Transition: Optimizing Prematures' Environment (H‐HOPE) was tested. The intervention included infant remediation using a multisensory approach; and maternal redefinition and re‐education using maternal participatory guidance. Maternal report of infant HCU after hospital discharge is measured at 6‐week CA. <i>t</i>‐Tests and multivariable log‐binomial regression models (α = .05) were used to estimate the effect of the intervention on HCU. <h3>Results</h3> At 6‐week CA, H‐HOPE infants had a significantly lower number of healthcare visits than control infants (H‐HOPE mean=3.3, <i>SD</i> = 1.42, <i>n</i> = 68 vs. control mean=3.8, <i>SD</i> = 1.41, <i>n</i> = 77). H‐HOPE infants were significantly less likely to have visited a provider for an illness than control infants (30.9% vs. 46.8%, respectively). After controlling for maternal and infant factors, mothers in the H‐HOPE group were 35% less likely to have taken their infants to one or more acute care visits by 6‐week CA compared to control group mothers (adjusted prevalence ratio=0.65, 95% CI 0.43‐0.98, <i>p</i> = .04). <h3>Conclusion/Implications for Nursing Practice</h3> H‐HOPE infants were less likely to see a provider for an illness between hospital discharge and 6‐week CA. Costs of care for subsequent illness among preterm infants may be reduced as a result.

The influence of social‐developmental context and nurse visitation intervention on self‐agency change in unmarried adolescent mothers

Pregnancy among unmarried adolescents has been linked to negative personal control beliefs. In contrast, self-agency beliefs about control over future possibilities have been linked to delay in subsequent childbearing. In this secondary analysis, we examined factors associated with self-agency change in 429 unmarried adolescent mothers from intervention and control groups of a nurse home visitation study. Adolescent mothers who participated in a sustained relationship with a nurse made greater gains in self-agency than did control group mothers (p = .034). Adolescents with lower cognitive ability who were behind their age-appropriate grade level in school made the greatest self-agency gains.

A Study to assess the effectiveness of Video Teaching Programme on Breast Feeding among Primigravida Mothers Admitted in Urban Health Maternity Centres, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu

Introduction: To achieve Millennium Development Goals, it is expected to reduce the Neonatal mortality by two third of the present rate. Every newborn requires basic care which has to be provided by the mother at home. This includes warmth, feeding, basic hygiene and identification of danger signs, and seeking help from health personnel whenever required. Objective: The study is to assess the effectiveness of Video Teaching Programme on Breast feeding among Primigravida Mothers for improving their knowledge and practice. Design: Quasi Experimental Design- Pre test and Post test design with Control group Setting: The study was conducted at 6 Main Urban Health Maternity Centers in Coimbatore. Participants: 30 Primigravida mothers Measurements and tools: Interview Schedule and Observational Checklist was used to assess the breast feeding knowledge and practice among primigravida mothers. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Findings: The findings of the study revealed that among 30, 15 mothers of experimental group had pre test knowledge mean score was 2.533±1.669, the mean percentage 18.1% whereas in post test it was 13.33±0.949, the mean percentage 77.1% and post test practice score was 26±1.034, the mean percentage 96.3%. It shows that after implementation of video teaching programme the experimental group mothers gained excellent knowledge and completely adoptive practice on breast feeding aspects whereas control group mothers had the pre test knowledge mean score 1.733±0.574 and mean % was 12.38 where as in post test it was 1.8±0.748 and mean % 12.86 and post test practice score was 11.733±0.781, mean % 43.5, it shows that control group mothers had very poor knowledge and not adoptive practice in pre and post test scores. There was highly significant difference was found between pre test and post test knowledge scores in experimental group mothers when compared to control group it was only significant. There was highly significant difference between post test knowledge and post test practice scores of experimental and control group mothers.No significant association was found between post test knowledge and practice scores with demographic variables of experimental and control group mothers. Positive correlation was found between post test knowledge and practice scores of both experimental and control group mothers. Conclusion: It concluded that the education on breast feeding through demonstration will improve the mother's knowledge and practice and can reduce the neonatal morbidity and mortality rate.