Control Group Design Research Articles

Penerapan Teori Behavioristik Classical Conditioning Oleh I.P Pavlov dalam Pembelajaran IPA Siswa Kelas 5 Sekolah Dasar

This research was conducted in response to a number of difficulties faced as well as the low level of interest in learning from grade 5 elementary school students in the context of science learning. This study focuses on the science learning ability of grade 5 students in elementary schools in response to the results of PISA 2018, Indonesian Education Report Card Data, and AKM Scores which show the low level of students' science literacy skills. Using the Nonequivalent Pretest Posttest Control Group design, experimental research was conducted to evaluate the impact of the application of Behavioristic Classical Conditioning Theory by I.P Pavlov in science learning. Class V students were divided into experimental and control groups with the Cluster Random Sampling Technique. The test method was used to collect science learning ability data, and the data analysis used the Polled Variance T test due to homogeneous data variance. The results showed a significant difference in science learning ability between the group that applied the Behavioristic Classical Conditioning Theory and the control group. The implications of this research provide a solid foundation for designing effective learning strategies in the future, focusing on curriculum development and learning approaches that can enhance students' understanding and interest in learning. As an effort to improve the quality of science learning in elementary schools, this research provides significant conceptual and applicative contributions.

Anti-inflammatory effectiveness of Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth in rats induced with periodontitis

BackgroundPeriodontitis, marked by deep periodontal pocket depth (PPD), facilitates bacterial colonization and inflammation, necessitating adjunctive therapies. Although 0.2 % chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash is effective, its side effects have led to the search for alternative treatments. Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth, known as Pepper Elder, is a traditional medicinal plant with potential as an adjunctive herbal therapy for periodontitis. ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of Peperomia pellucida extract in rats with induced periodontitis. MethodsA post-test control group design was used in this laboratory experimental study. Four groups of Wistar strain Rattus norvegicus rats were utilized: a Pristine group (without periodontitis), a negative control group (induced periodontitis only), a positive control group (induced periodontitis and administered 0.2 % CHX), and an experimental group (induced periodontitis and administered 2.5 μL of Pepper Elder extract). Each treatment group received daily administration for one week. PPD measurements were taken on days 0, 3, 5, and 7. Blood serum was collected on day 7 for ELISA to measure IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-13 levels. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with a post hoc LSD and Mann-Whitney test. ResultsThe extract-treated rats showed a decrease in PPD, with significant differences between the extract group and the negative control group (p < 0.05). TNF-α levels in the extract group differed significantly from the negative control group (p < 0.05) but not from the Pristine and positive control groups. IL-1β levels differed significantly only from the negative control group. IL-10 levels were significantly different from both the Pristine and negative control groups, while IL-13 levels differed significantly only from the negative control group. ConclusionPeperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth extract exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in rats with induced periodontitis.

Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Buah Naga terhadap Perubahan Kadar Hemoglobin Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kota Baru Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir

The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy is around 95% due to iron deficiency (iron deficiency anemia). Anemia is the second main cause of maternal death, accounting for around 12.8% of maternal deaths due to postpartum hemorrhage. One way to overcome anemia in pregnancy is to consume dragon fruit regularly, in addition to consuming Fe tablets that have been given by midwives or health workers. Giving dragon fruit juice is effective in increasing Hb levels in pregnant women. The research design used in this study was a pre-test and post-test with control group design in the Kota Baru Health Center Working Area, Indragiri Hilir Regency. A population of 230 pregnant women with a sampling technique using simple random sampling obtained 32 respondents (16 intervention groups and 16 control groups). Data analysis used the independent t-test. The results of this study indicate that there is an effect of giving dragon fruit juice on changes in hemoglobin levels of pregnant women in the Kota Baru Health Center Working Area, Indragiri Hilir Regency. Dragon fruit can be used as a supplement to increase hemoglobin levels in pregnant women to treat anemia.

Effect of Probiotic Lactobacillus Casei on Secretory Immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) Levels in Rats Norvegicus Strain Wistar Post Ovariectomy

Estrogen promotes the growth of Lactobacillus colonies in the vagina, converting glycogen in superficial cells into lactic acid, resulting in a low vaginal pH that inhibits pathogenic bacteria. Post-menopause, Lactobacillus growth declines, leading to thinner secretions, higher vaginal pH, and a weakened immune system. This study investigates the effect of Lactobacillus casei extract on secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, vaginal acidity, and beneficial bacteria in the vaginal mucosa. An experimental post-test-only control group design was employed with 24 female rats aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 180-220 grams. Following ovariectomy and a 14-day acclimation, the rats were divided into four groups: a control group (K) with no treatment and three treatment groups (P1, P2, P3) receiving Lactobacillus casei extract at doses of 2ml, 2.25ml, and 2.5ml, respectively, administered orally for 14 days. On day 15, vaginal acidity was measured using a swab method, and IgA levels were assessed via ELISA; gram-positive staining was performed for bacterial identification. One-way ANOVA revealed that Lactobacillus casei extract significantly increased IgA levels and reduced vaginal acidity (p = 0.003 and p = 0.000). The reduction in acidity is attributed to Lactobacillus converting glycogen into lactic acid, maintaining vaginal acidity, while S-IgA on the mucosal surface acts as an opsonin and antigen-presenting cell to inhibit pathogenic growth. The study concludes that Lactobacillus casei extract can elevate secretory IgA levels and normalize vaginal pH.

The Effect of a Jigsaw Type Cooperative Learning Approach Towards Primary Students' Understanding Concepts of Science Learning in Primary Schools

This research is based on the results of observations and interviews at SD Al-Hikmah Indonesia that the learning carried out is still limited due to time so that only the target of material completion is pursued, while the achievement of learning outcomes and students' understanding of concepts is still lacking. Learning is only student-centered. For this reason, there is a need for appropriate and effective methods in learning. Therefore, researchers tried to use a jigsaw type cooperative learning approach to overcome this problem. This research uses a pretest-posttest control group design, data collection techniques using test and non-test data. Test data was obtained from pre-test and post-test results, while non-test data was obtained from questionnaires. This research took as subjects students of class IV A and students of class IV B. In this research three meetings were held which included pre-test, learning and post-test. After applying this approach, the average gain for the experimental class was 0.49 and the control class was 0.25. The results of the research show that there is an increase in students' post-test results in learning using the jigsaw type cooperative learning approach. So it can be concluded that there is an influence of this approach on science learning on the subject of natural resources. The results of this research are recommended as a reference for further research, especially research that uses a jigsaw type cooperative learning approach in learning natural resources in order to improve students' understanding of concepts better in the future.

Pengaruh Senam Otak terhadap Fungsi Kognitif pada Lansia di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Luhur Provinsi Jambi

The aim of the research was to determine the effect of brain exercises on cognitive function in the elderly at the Tresna Werdha Budi Luhur Social Home, Jambi Province. This type of research is quantitative with a quasi-experimental design approach, pretest-posttest control group design. This research was conducted at the Tresna Werdha Budi Luhur Social Home, Jambi Province.The sampling method was purposive sampling of 22 people. 11 respondents in the control group and 11 respondents in the intervention group. Data measurement uses MMSE. Bivariate analysis used the Wilcoxon Rank Test and the Man Whitney test. The research results showed that the age frequency distribution of respondents was mostly elderly, female, and had elementary school education. The cognitive function of the pretest intervention group was mostly mild and severe cognitive function. The pretest and posttest results showed a significant increase, so that there was an influence of brain exercise on cognitive function in the elderly, with a p value = 0.002 (&lt; 0.05). There was a significant effect of increasing cognitive function before and after being given brain exercises at PSTW. It is hoped that PSTW can develop brain exercises to improve the cognitive function of the elderly.

Ekstrak Daun Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides lin) Memperbaiki Perilaku Depresi pada Mus Musculus

This study aims to assess immobility time in Sham group mice (Mus musculus), assess the effect of fluoxetine antidepressant on immobility time in mice (Mus musculus), assess the impact of bandotan leaf extract antidepressant (Ageratum conyzoides lin) on immobility time in mice (Mus musculus), evaluate the antidepressant effectiveness of the combination of bandotan leaf extract (Ageratum conyzoides lin) with fluoxetine on immobility time in mice (Mus musculus), and compare the efficacy of the four groups, namely group 1 (Sham), group 2 (fluoxetine), group 3 (bandotan leaf extract (Ageratum conyzoides lin)), and group 4 (Fluoxetine with bandotan leaf extract (Ageratum conyzoides lin)). This study uses a type of quantitative approach and pure experimental method (true experimental research) with Posttest only Control Group Design research design. The results showed that the mean immobility time in mice (Mus musculus) group 1 (Sham) was for 34 ± 22.1 seconds. The average immobility time in mice (Mus musculus) group 2 (Fluoxetine) is for 162.5 ± 44.43 seconds. The average immobility time in mice (Mus musculus) group 3 (Bandotan leaf extract) was 172.67 ± 40.5 seconds. The average immobility time in mice (Mus musculus) group 4 (Combination of fluoxetine with bandotan leaf extract) was 118.83 ± 24.1 seconds. The combination of fluoxetine with bandotan leaf extract has significance (p-value 0.039 &lt;0.05) as an antidepressant in reducing immobility time in mice so that bandotan leaves can act as adjuvant therapy.

Development of Salt Hydrolysis Module Based on Problem Based Learning Integrated with TPACK to Improve Numeracy Literacy Skills of Phase F SMA Students

This research aims to analyze the validity, practicality and effectiveness of the salt hydrolysis module based on problem based learning integrated with TPACK on students numeracy literacy skills. The development model used is the 4-D model. The module developed was validated by two lecturers and three chemistry teachers. The practicality testing of the module was carried out by three chemistry teachers and 32 SMA students. Testing the effectiveness of the module was carried out using a pre-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design. The validity test was analyzed using the Aiken's V formula where content and construct validity were obtained respectively 0.91 and 0.92 with the valid category. The practicality test was analyzed using the Aiken's V formula where the practicality scores for teachers and students were obtained respectively 0.94 and 0.86 in the practical category. The module effectiveness test was analyzed using N-Gain where an N-Gain value of 0.76 was obtained in the high category. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the salt hydrolysis module based on problem based learning integrated with TPACK developed is valid, practical and effective to improve the numeracy literacy skills of Phase F SMA students.

Comparison Of The Effectiveness Of Grape Seed And Onion Extract In Healing Cut Wounds In Wistar Rats

In healing cut wounds, generally many use drugs with chemicals, the use of chemicals in wound healing has a lot of negative impacts, therefore it is necessary to conduct further research on the benefits of natural ingredients such as plants to treat cut wounds, some of the advantages of using medicinal plants include relatively safer, easy to obtain, cheap, does not cause resistance, and relatively harmless to the surrounding environment or the mixture between the plants, which has been used for treatment for generations. One way to treat cut wounds is to use herbal plants because they are cheaper, easier to get, and have low side effects. Compounds that play a role in the healing process of cut wounds include flavonoids, saponins, tannins, polyphenols, and essential oils. One of the plants that has health benefits is grapes. The purpose of this study is to find out the comparison of the effectiveness of grape seeds and onion extract in healing cut wounds in wistar rats. The type of research used in this study is experimental research with a true experimental method with a post-test only control group design pattern. The sample to be used in this study is 24 rats divided into 4 groups so that each group contains 6 rats. Data analysis uses the One-Way ANOVA test. The results showed that shallot gel extract had a significant effect on the percentage of reduction in incision length.

Enhancing Critical Reasoning Character in Pancasila Students: A STEAM Approach by E-Module PRISMA

This study aimed to assess the Prisma e-module's impact on elementary school students' critical reasoning abilities. A pre-experimental Pretest Posttest Control Group Design was employed. Two groups—experimental and control—received different treatments. The experimental group used e-modules, while the control group relied on books. Pre- and post-treatment tests were conducted to evaluate the e-module's effect. An Independent Sample t-test was used to compare the two groups, with results showing a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000, leading to the rejection of H0 and acceptance of Ha. The N-Gain test measured improvements in various critical reasoning elements. The experimental group showed significant improvement, with the highest N-Gain of 0.74 in "obtaining and processing information and ideas" and the lowest of 0.71 in "reflecting and evaluating one's thoughts." The overall N-Gain was 0.72, classified as "high." These findings indicate that the Prisma e-module effectively enhanced critical reasoning in fifth-grade students. Future research is encouraged to explore other aspects of Pancasila students' character development

The Influence of the Problem Based Learning Model on the Scientific Attitudes and Science Learning Outcomes of Fifth Grade Elementary School Students

This research aims to determine the significant influence of the PBL model on the scientific attitudes and science learning outcomes of fifth grade elementary school students. The method used is quasi experimental design with pretest non-equivalent control group design. The research population was SDN Hugus II Kapanewon Sewon, Bantul Regency, with a sample of several class V students from SD Negeri 2 Blunyahan, SD Negeri 3 Jarakan, SD Negeri Jarakan, and SD Negeri Sawit. The experimental group used the PBL model in science learning. The normality test was carried out using Kolmogrov Smirnov, the homogeneity test was carried out using Levene's test, and the hypothesis test was carried out using the independent sample t-test and MANOVA. The research results show that PBL has a positive and significant effect on scientific attitudes with a value of (0.000 &lt; 0.005) and on learning outcomes with a value of (0.000 &lt; 0.005). Data analysis shows that there is a significant influence of the PBL model on students' scientific attitudes and science learning outcomes with a value of (0.000 &lt; 0.005).

The Influence of Using Smart Multiplication Table Learning Media (Takalintar) on the Learning Outcomes of Grade III Elementary School Students

Abstract. Teaching learning activities usually occur between teachers and students. Teachers as learning managers, play a role in creating a comfortable and conducive learning climate. Therefore, as a teacher, you must be able to choose and apply effective learning media to achieve learning goals and be able to attract student learning results. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of the use of TAKALINTAR learning media on the learning outcomes of students in grade IIIA SD Inpres Kuanino 3. This type of research is quantitative research classified as Quasi Experimental research, using a pretest-posttest- control group design. The sampling technique uses a saturated sampling technique with a sample of 30 respondents. The instruments in this study used observation, test and documentation data. The data was analyzed by normality tests, homogeneity and hypothesis tests using t-tests. The results of this study showed that the average score of the pretest-posttest- of the experimental class and the pretest-posttest- of the control class using the t-test, the posttest of the experimental class and the control class was 84.67 &gt; 75.00 with a difference of 1.98 and the pretest of the experimental class and the control class was 50.67 &gt; 51.33. Further through hypothesis testing (Paired Sample T-test) shows that the value of sig. (2-tailed) t-test for Equality of Means of 0.000 &lt; 0.05 means that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant influence of the use of smart multiplication table (TAKALINTAR) media learning on the learning outcomes of grade IIIA students of SD Inpres Kuanino 3.

The effects of the Quality Book Reading Early Intervention Program (NIKO) on Turkish fathers and their children with autism spectrum disorder

Parents who play a critical role in supporting their children’s development. NIKO is an early intervention program that families can use in Turkey. The primary purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of a shared reading intervention titled the NIKO program on the interaction behaviors of fathers and their children’s pivotal behaviors and language skills. This study was carried out with 23 child-father dyads, 8 of whom were in the face-to-face experimental group, 8 online participants in the experimental group, and 7 in the control group, who were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) aged 0–6. Pretest-Posttest control group design was used in the study in which quantitative data collection method was used. The NIKO program training lasted about five weeks with an average of two training sessions per week. Statistical analysis revealed that the NIKO program was effective and that it had positive effects on both parents and their children with ASD. Specifically, the findings showed that parents in two different groups (face-to-face and online) exhibited more interactive and developmentally supportive behaviors after the intervention. The same effect continued one month after the end of the intervention.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Game Edukasi Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas XI di SMA Negeri 1 Kabun

The learning carried out at SMA Negeri 1 Kabun is known that the learning motivation of students is still low, this is due to the large number of students who have low motivation to learn, and teachers still use conventional media so that learning is less effective. This study aims to find out how much educational games affect the learning motivation of grade XI students in high school. This type of research is a quantitative approach in the form of Quasy Experiment with a type of nonequivalent control group design. The data collection technique used is a questionnaire. The data analysis techniques are normality test, homogeneous test, and hypothesis test with an independent test method of t-test samples. Where there were 70 students as a sample in class XI consisting of 35 people in the experimental class and 35 people in the control class. The results of the study showed that the use of educational games influenced the learning motivation of grade XI students, as evidenced by the sig value (2-tailed) which was 0.000, the value was less than 0.05 and the average score of the experimental class was higher than the average score of the control class, which was 87.97 &gt; 69.69. From the hypothesis test that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the hypothesis Ha was accepted, and Ho was rejected, namely the Influence of Educational Games on Class XI Learning Motivation at SMA Negeri 1 Kabun

Is AI-assisted assessment liable to evaluate young learners? Parents support, teacher support, immunity, and resilience are in focus in testing vocabulary learning

This study investigates the impact of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted assessment on young L2 learners’ vocabulary knowledge, immunity, and resilience, considering parental and teacher support roles. Sixty junior high school students in Afghanistan, aged 13 to 14, participated in the study. They were divided into an experimental group receiving AI-assisted assessment and a control group with traditional instruction. The research employed a pretest–posttest control group design, using teacher-made vocabulary tests validated for reliability and instruments measuring immunity and resilience. The findings revealed that AI-assisted assessment significantly improved vocabulary knowledge and emotional resilience compared to the control group. While parental support showed a positive trend toward vocabulary enhancement, teacher support did not significantly impact the outcomes. The study highlights the potential of AI in language education, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts among educators, parents, materials developers, syllabus designers, and policymakers to maximize the benefits of AI tools. These findings underscore the importance of integrating advanced technologies into educational frameworks to support cognitive and emotional development in learners.

The Effectiveness of Al-Ta'hil Al-Fiqhiy Method in Improving the Cognitive Ability of STIBA Makassar Students

The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of the Al-Ta’hῑl Al-Fiqhῑy learning approach in enhancing students' cognitive capabilities at STIBA Makassar. A true experiment with a posttest-only control group design was employed to assess the substantial impact of the method on students in their seventh semester. The findings of this study indicate that implementing the Al-Ta’hῑl Al-Fiqhῑy method markedly enhanced students' cognitive abilities. The calculated value of Cohen's d reached 1.26, indicating a huge effect size with a probability of 81.4% that the observed difference is due to the intervention and not other confounding factors. Moreover, the results of Cohen's U3 test demonstrated that 89.7% of students in the experimental group exhibited higher cognitive scores than those in the control group. These findings suggest that the Al-Ta’hῑl Al-Fiqhῑy method represents an effective alternative for enhancing the quality of education and fostering deeper comprehension in the field of fiqh. Keywords: Effectiveness, Al-Ta’hῑl Al-Fiqhῑy Method, Cognitive Ability.

Effectiveness of cocoa bean extract mouthwash against gingivitis in pregnant women in Aceh Besar

Background: Gingivitis and periodontitis are the most common dental support tissue problems in dentistry. Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gingiva due to the body's response to the accumulation of dental plaque bacteria in the form of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Actinomyces, and Spirochaeta on the surface of the teeth. Gingivitis and nutritional status in pregnant women are related to the risk of 8.75 times the birth of low-birth-weight babies (BBLR) and premature babies. Prevention of gingivitis can be done chemically through gargling with antibacterial mouthwash. Therefore, herbal ingredients are needed that can prevent plaque and control gingivitis. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of mouthwash of cocoa bean extract against gingivitis. Methods: This study used the post-test only control group design method. The study was conducted on pregnant women in Bayu Aceh Besar village with a total of 30 samples. The sample was divided into 3 groups that received different treatments. Group 1 was instructed to do a mouthwash with cocoa extract mouthwash while Group 2 with chlorhexidine, group 3 with mineral water. Each pregnant woman gargles for 30 seconds (20 ml) for 3 days. Results: Analysis of the gingival index before and after using cocoa seed extract mouthwash showed that this mouthwash was more effective in reducing the gingival index with a value of p=0.012 (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: Gargling with cocoa bean extract is more effective in reducing gingivitis. We recommend further studies to investigate the potential of cocoa bean extract for use in mouthwashes.

Pengaruh Ekstrak Kayu Manis Cinnamomum Burmannii dan Larutan Alkalin Peroksida sebagai Pembersih Basis Gigi Tiruan Nilon Termoplastik terhadap Stabilitas Warna

The background of this study is to evaluate the effect of soaking the base of thermoplastic nylon dentures in cinnamon extract Cinnamomum burmannii and alkaline peroxide solution on color stability, considering the importance of maintaining denture hygiene with safe and effective cleaning agents. This study aimed to evaluate the colour stability of thermoplastic nylon denture bases after immersion in Cinnamomum burmannii 20% cinnamon extract, alkaline peroxide solution, and distilled water for 4 and 8 days. This research is a laboratory experimental research. This study was conducted with Post-Test Only Control Group Design, which is research with treatment on one or more groups whose final results are compared with the control group, that the colour stability of thermoplastic nylon denture bases after immersion in Cinnamomum burmannii 20% cinnamon extract and alkaline peroxide solution had similar mean ΔE unit values, namely 2.45 ΔE ± 0.27 and 2.24 ΔE ± 0.28 for 4 days, and 2.87 ΔE ± 0.19 and 2.58 ΔE ± 0.30 for 8 days. While immersion in distilled water showed lower mean values of ΔE units, namely 1.17 ΔE ± 0.10 and 1.35 ΔE ± 0.29. Statistical test results showed that there was a significant effect on colour stability (p = 0.0001), but there was no significant difference between cinnamon extract and alkaline peroxide solution, either for 4 days (p = 0.192) or 8 days (p = 0.113).

The Influence of Japanese City Pop Music on Emerging Adults’ Sleep Quality

Purpose: Previous studies suggest music as a low-risk, low-cost method to improve sleep quality, particularly beneficial for individuals with high-stress lifestyles. This research focuses on City Pop Music, chosen for its ability to evoke positive feelings and nostalgia, anticipating it will enhance sleep quality. Method: Using a Pretest Post-test between Control Group Design, this study involves 10 participants equally divided into control and experimental groups. Treatment lasts 21 days, with data collection every 7 days. Data includes the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Bedtime Procrastination Scale, and Scale of Positive and Negative Experiences. Qualitative data was gathered through participant journaling and interviews. Result: Sleep quality showed no improvement in participants exposed to city pop music (p=0.05; p&gt;0.05). There were no changes in positive and negative experiences or bedtime procrastination. T-tests also showed that there were no differences between groups during treatment (p=0.59; p&gt;0.05). However, qualitative data revealed feelings of calmness, enjoyment, and relaxation among participants. Conclusion: While city pop music didn't enhance sleep quality, qualitative findings suggest it may induce calmness and relaxation. Possible factors contributing to these results include individual music preferences, room temperature, and sleep conditions. Future research is necessary to design interventions according to each person’s preferences.

Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Media Assemblr Edu terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa Kelas V

Problem-solving skills are essential competencies that need to be developed in elementary school students. The application of innovative learning models, such as Problem-Based Learning supported by interactive technology media like Assemblr Edu, can be an effective solution for enhancing these skills. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model supported by Assemblr Edu media on the problem-solving abilities of fifth-grade students. The research method used is an experimental method with a Pre-test Post-test Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. The results of the study showed that the use of the PBL model supported by Assemblr Edu significantly improved students' problem-solving abilities compared to conventional learning methods. This can be seen from the significant difference in the N-Gain scores, with the experimental class reaching 0.7 (moderate category) and the control class only 0.2 (low category). These findings suggest that interactive technology media like Assemblr Edu can be an effective tool in enhancing students' critical and analytical thinking skills.