Exercise Control Research Articles

Exploring whether home-based neuromodulation can boost the analgesic effects of exercise in people with knee osteoarthritis: protocol for a double-blinded, pilot randomised controlled trial

IntroductionKnee osteoarthritis (OA) represents a leading cause of disability globally. Exercise has been demonstrated to improve pain and function in people with knee OA. However, when in pain, commencement of...

Postoperative Exercise Training in Patients with Colorectal Liver Metastases A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Postoperative morbidity can reduce quality of life, physical performance, and tolerability of postoperative chemotherapy in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Exercise can improve these outcomes in some cancer populations. However, it remains unknown whether exercise can be delivered in the early postoperative period following surgery for CRLM without increasing the risk of harms. The primary objective was to compare the number of serious adverse events (SAEs) with exercise intervention versus control. The secondary objectives were to compare non-SAEs, chemotherapy dose modifications, patient-reported outcomes, cardiorespiratory fitness, and physical performance. Patients with CRLM scheduled to open surgery with or without postoperative chemotherapy were randomized 2:1 to intervention or control. The intervention group performed 30-50 min low-to-high intensity exercise 5 times/week for 8 weeks, initiated one day after postoperative hospital discharge. The primary outcome was SAEs. The secondary outcomes were SAEs; chemotherapy dose modifications; patient-reported outcomes; cardiorespiratory fitness; and physical performance. Fifty-five participants were randomized. The number of SAEs was similar between the groups (between-group difference [95% CI]: -0.07 [-0.59; 0.43] events), whereas the number of non-SAEs was lower in intervention (between-group difference [95% CI]: -4.65 [-9.14; -0.17] events). We found between-group differences in time to postoperative chemotherapy (intervention: 25 days, control; 42 days) and chemotherapy dose modifications (RR [95%CI]: 0.55 [0.35; 0.88]). Additionally, we found between-group differences in quality of life, cardiorespiratory fitness, and physical performance, in favor of intervention. Early-onset postoperative exercise exhibit a favorable harms-benefit profile in patients with CRLM. This warrants further investigation in larger randomized controlled trials. Prospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04751773).

Device-Measured 24-Hour Movement Behaviors and Blood Pressure: A 6-Part Compositional Individual Participant Data Analysis in the ProPASS Consortium.

Blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects of structured exercise are well-established. Effects of 24-hour movement behaviors captured in free-living settings have received less attention. This cross-sectional study investigated associations between a 24-hour behavior composition comprising 6 parts (sleeping, sedentary behavior, standing, slow walking, fast walking, and combined exercise-like activity [eg, running and cycling]) and systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP). Data from thigh-worn accelerometers and BP measurements were collected from 6 cohorts in the Prospective Physical Activity, Sitting and Sleep consortium (ProPASS) (n=14 761; mean±SD, 54.2±9.6 years). Individual participant analysis using compositional data analysis was conducted with adjustments for relevant harmonized covariates. Based on the average sample composition, reallocation plots examined estimated BP reductions through behavioral replacement; the theoretical benefits of optimal (ie, clinically meaningful improvement in SBP [2 mm Hg] or DBP [1 mm Hg]) and minimal (ie, 5-minute reallocation) behavioral replacements were identified. The average 24-hour composition consisted of sleeping (7.13±1.19 hours), sedentary behavior (10.7±1.9 hours), standing (3.2±1.1 hours), slow walking (1.6±0.6 hours), fast walking (1.1±0.5 hours), and exercise-like activity (16.0±16.3 minutes). More time spent exercising or sleeping, relative to other behaviors, was associated with lower BP. An additional 5 minutes of exercise-like activity was associated with estimated reductions of -0.68 mm Hg (95% CI, -0.15, -1.21) SBP and -0.54 mm Hg (95% CI, -0.19, 0.89) DBP. Clinically meaningful improvements in SBP and DBP were estimated after 20 to 27 minutes and 10 to 15 minutes of reallocation of time in other behaviors into additional exercise. Although more time spent being sedentary was adversely associated with SBP and DBP, there was minimal impact of standing or walking. Study findings reiterate the importance of exercise for BP control, suggesting that small additional amounts of exercise are associated with lower BP in a free-living setting.

Exercise-Based Telerehabilitation for Heart Failure Patients Declining Outpatient Rehabilitation - A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: Cardiac rehabilitation participation rates are low despite strong recommendations, and many chronic heart failure patients remain physically inactive. Rural living, long travel distance, costs, age, and frailty might be factors explaining this. To increase cardiac rehabilitation uptake, we designed an exercise-based randomized controlled telerehabilitation trial enabling chronic heart failure patients unable or unwilling to participate in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation to exercise at home. Aim was to evaluate the long-term effects of telerehabilitation on physical activity levels.Methods and results: CHF patients (n = 61) with reduced (≤40%), mildly reduced (41-49%), or preserved ejection fraction (≥50%) were randomized (1:1) to telerehabilitation (n = 31) with an initial 3-month group-based high-intensity exercise telerehabilitation program or control (n = 30), with regular follow-up visits over a 2-year period. All participants attended a "Living with heart failure" course. Outcomes were measures of physical activity, peak oxygen uptake, 6-minute walk test distance, quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. We found no significant differences between groups for long-term changes in moderate to vigorous activity (MVPA) or peak oxygen uptake from baseline to the 2-year follow-up. Nor quality of life differed between groups, but both groups had significant within-group improvements in score on the Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire (p = 0.000) and improvement in EQ-5D VAS score was significant (p = 0.05) in the telerehabilitation group.Conclusions: Telerehabilitation performed as home-based real-time high-intensity exercise sessions provided by videoconferencing for participants unable or unwilling to participate in standard outpatient cardiac rehabilitation did not affect long-term physical activity levels or physical capacity as expected. Still, a positive effect on health-related quality of life was seen in both groups.

‘I am what feeds me’: food as subversive voice in Padma Lakshmi’s love, loss and what we ate (2016)

ABSTRACT Diasporic women maintain links to the homeland by recreating traditional recipes. They also assimilate and adapt through their foodways. The diasporic food memoir has emerged as a unique medium for redefining and renegotiating the domestic and professional roles of women. Food is used in a multitude of ways, by women, in order to exercise power, control, and agency. Padma Lakshmi’s Love, Loss and What We Ate delves into the complexities of navigating through and reminiscing about life vis-à-vis the food one eats. Lakshmi gives voice to her bodily struggles, experiences with racial prejudice and showcases how being a celebrity chef has enabled her to create food content that problematizes simplistic understandings of both American and Indian cuisines. This paper argues that food gives Lakshmi a subversive voice to explore the biases and stereotypes implicit in being an Indian-American celebrity chef. It investigates how the culinary space facilitates a nuanced conversation regarding exoticization and marginalization of women from the Indian diaspora. Food enables Lakshmi to explore and enunciate femininity and individuality. Using feminist food criticism, we illustrate how food and recipes become a metaphor for the diasporic self and showcase the evolution of an Indian-American woman.

Efficacy of a computer vision-based system for exercise management in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a study protocol for a randomised controlled pilot trial

IntroductionThis study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a computer vision system in guiding exercise management for patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) by comparing functional improvement between a tele-rehabilitation versus...

The effect of Baduanjin on body mass and body composition of college students: A randomized controlled trial.

Previous studies have also found that Baduanjin training can improve health-related physical fitness in young adults. However, it is unclear whether Baduanjin training can improve body mass and body composition in young adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Baduanjin training on body mass and body composition in college students. This was a single-center, randomized controlled trial comparing 12 weeks of Baduanjin exercise training group (BEG) at a frequency of 60 minutes per day, 4 days per week with no special exercise control group (CG) on the health-related physical fitness in college students. Body mass and body composition were assessed using the body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and Inbody 720 devices. A total of 93 college students (56 in the BEG and 37 in the CG) completed 2 body composition assessments and were included in the analysis. A mixed linear model was used to analyze the effect of the Baduanjin exercise intervention. After 12 weeks of intervention, the body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio in the BEG were significantly lower than that in the CG (P =.007 and P =.028) with a moderate effect size (Cohen d = 0.584 and 0.474) and a significant interaction effect of group by time (P =.007 and.028). The fat mass indicators of body composition including percent body fat, body fat mass, and body fat mass of both arms, both legs and trunk in the BEG were significantly lower than those in the CG (all P <.05), with a moderate effect size (Cohen d from 0.452 to 0.624) and a significant interaction effect of group by time (all P <.05); no significant differences were found in the total body composition indicators and the fat-free mass indicators of body composition between the 2 groups. Regular Baduanjin exercise training may be beneficial for improving body composition in young adults.

Preparation, Characterization, and In Vivo Anti‐Fatigue Evaluation of Octacosanol Nanoemulsions

ABSTRACTOctacosanol (OCT) is a natural aliphatic alcohol with multiple activities, but the poor solubility limited its wide applications. In this study, OCT nanoemulsions were prepared by a low‐energy emulsification method. The particle size, polydispersity index, and Zeta potential of OCT nanoemulsions were 12.59 nm, 0.131, and −10.54 mV, respectively. OCT nanoemulsions could keep stable up to 180 days at 4°C with particle size ranging from 12.61 to 16.57 nm. In addition, OCT nanoemulsions could remain stable upon exposure to autoclaving, acid–base (pH 2–8), freeze–thaw, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and low concentrations of ions. The grid test time and exhaustive swimming time of the OCT nanoemulsions group increased by 70% and 40% compared with the exercise control group, indicating that OCT nanoemulsions could enhance the muscle strength and endurance performance of mice. Compared with the exercise control group, the muscle glycogen, liver glycogen, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) levels of the OCT nanoemulsions group increased by 97%, 45%, 62%, and 20%, while the blood lactic acid and lactate dehydrogenase levels of the OCT nanoemulsions group decreased by 33% and 22%, respectively, suggesting that OCT nanoemulsions had the anti‐fatigue effect. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that OCT nanoemulsions could repair muscle damages induced by excessive exercise. These findings could pave the way for the development of OCT nanoemulsions with high stability and anti‐fatigue potential.

Temporal relationship between high-intensity training sessions and episodes of atrial fibrillation among previously inactive patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF

Abstract Background Exercise is considered beneficial for managing comorbidities in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients in the long term, and emerging evidence also indicate that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) may reduce AF burden and symptoms. However, more data on the impact of individual training sessions on recurrence of AF is needed to understand mechanisms and tailor exercise recommendations. Purpose To assess the temporal relationship between training sessions and recurrent AF episodes among previously inactive patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF being introduced to HIIT. Methods The Norwegian Exercise in Atrial Fibrillation Trial is a multi centre randomized controlled trial including inactive patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF, who are randomly assigned to either a structured exercise intervention or control for 12 months. We analysed AF episodes and training data from the initial weeks with introduction to structured exercise in the intervention group (8 supervised sessions of HIIT at 85-95% of maximal heart rate). AF episodes lasting ≥30 seconds were registered using implantable cardiac monitors (ICM). Training sessions were registered using sports watches and manual logs. We report event rates and rate ratios for recurrent AF episodes during HIIT compared to episodes occurring outside HIIT. Due to non-normal data distribution statistical comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon sign-ranked test. Results 81 patients (24 female, 57 male), mean age of 64.2 years (range 35-78), were included. 57 patients had paroxysmal and 24 had persistent AF. The combined duration of monitoring was 5272 days (median 53, range 30 – 163). The participants performed a total of 418 hours of HIIT (median 5.3 hours, range 0.67 – 6.58) during 615 training sessions (median 8, range 1 – 8). In total 4528 AF episodes (median 4, range 0 – 1693) were registered, of which 18 occurred during HIIT. The mean AF rate per 24 hours was 0.69 outside HIIT, 1.20 during HIIT, 0.92 for the periods 1 – 3 hours and 4-6 hours after HIIT (Figure 1). The rate ratio for AF during HIIT compared to outside HIIT was 1.73 (p=0.002). In the 52 participants with at least one episode of AF during follow-up, the rate ratio for AF during HIIT compared to outside HIIT was 10.4 (bootstrapped 95% CI 0.2 to 30.3). Conclusion Among previously inactive patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF, the rate of recurrent AF episodes was significantly higher during high-intensity exercise than outside exercise. Given the few AF episodes, this mechanism of trigging AF by high-intensity exercise needs further investigation.Mean AF per 24 hours

Тhe relationship between the level development of motor qualities of female cadets and their performance results exercises with kettles

The article examines the relationship between sports results in exercises with kettlebells and the level of development of motor qualities and the formation of military-applied motor skills of female cadets of the kettlebell sports section of a higher military educational institution under martial law. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of literary sources, pedagogical observation, pedagogical testing, methods of mathematical statistics. It was established that the majority of strength exercises and exercises that require the manifestation of endurance have a close and moderately significant relationship (p&lt;0?01) with high results of female cadets in competitive kettlebell exercises, namely: pull-ups on a low bar, squats with barbell, barbell deadlift, hanging on the crossbar, complex strength exercise, 1 and 2 km run, jumping out in 1 min. Also, a close and average statistically significant relationship (p&lt;0.01-0.05) was found between the high level of formation of military applied motor skills of female cadets and all exercises with weights (p&lt;0,01-0,05) (general control exercise on the obstacle course, throwing a grenade range and 5 km dash march). The results of the study allow us to state that the use of exercises with kettlebells in the process of physical education under martial law conditions will ensure the effective development of motor qualities, the formation of military-applied motor skills in order to ensure the physical readiness of female cadets of higher military educational institutions for educational and future military-professional and combat activity.

Advanced resistance exercise combined with aerobic rehabilitation training on cardiopulmonary function

Chronic diseases are the number one killer in the world today, and the most common cause of chronic diseases is lack of exercise. Research on the application of artificial intelligence technology in the medical field can shorten the distance between clinical best practice and practical application, and promote the standardized management of clinicians according to specifications. In this paper, three different exercise methods, continuous aerobic, anaerobic, and control, were used to conduct a 12-week study. This paper discussed the effects of three different forms of exercise on the body shape, body composition, and metabolism of patients with chronic diseases, and discussed the intervention effects of the same exercise mode in different periods (0–6 weeks, 6–12 weeks), to provide a theoretical basis for more effective and targeted choice of exercise intervention programs. Through training load, training frequency, training sequence, training interval, and other factors, a training plan can be designed. To avoid mistakes, experts often try to do some items that are prone to mistakes, especially lung function measurement. The scores of self-care, extraction, standing, occupation/housework, social activities, and total scores were significantly lower than those before intervention (P &lt; 0.01). Advanced resistance kinetic energy can significantly improve the exercise and cardiopulmonary function of patients with various types of chronic diseases. Advanced resistance kinetic energy can significantly promote the strength and explosive force of the shoulder, waist, and back muscles in chronic patients, and can significantly promote the muscle adaptability of the shoulder, waist, and back muscles in chronic patients.

Revisiting delusions to demystify human agency: A response to critics

In this paper, I re-elaborate some of the ideas presented in Why Delusions Matter (Bloomsbury 2023) in response to four commentaries on the book. My proposed conception of delusionality cuts across clinical and non-clinical contexts: an interpreter calls a speaker’s belief delusionalwhen the belief seems to be central to the speaker’s identity, but the interpreter finds it both implausible and unshakeable. Here I frame the emphasis on what all delusional beliefs have in common as an attempt to resist simplistic dichotomies about human agency. Ideal agents seek the truth and accurately represent the world, engaging with it in such a way as to further their goals, exercise control over themselves and the surrounding environment, and successfully coordinate with others. Human agents can sometimes rely on comforting illusions and constructed worlds to establish or restore a connection with other agents and the shared environment at challenging times. But coordination can fail, and control is always limited. Delusions are an expression of agency in the sense that they can be understood as a response to the epistemic and psychological needs of human agents. Delusions are meaningful and may contain germs of truth about the speaker. But they should be replaced when better strategies for engaging with the world become available to the speaker.

HoLLiECares - Development of a multi-functional robot for professional care.

Germany's healthcare sector suffers from a shortage of nursing staff, and robotic solutions are being explored as a means to provide quality care. While many robotic systems have already been established in various medical fields (e.g., surgical robots, logistics robots), there are only a few very specialized robotic applications in the care sector. In this work, a multi-functional robot is applied in a hospital, capable of performing activities in the areas of transport and logistics, interactive assistance, and documentation. The service robot platform HoLLiE was further developed, with a focus on implementing innovative solutions for handling non-rigid objects, motion planning for non-holonomic motions with a wheelchair, accompanying and providing haptic support to patients, optical recognition and control of movement exercises, and automated speech recognition. Furthermore, the potential of a robot platform in a nursing context was evaluated by field tests in two hospitals. The results show that a robot can take over or support certain tasks. However, it was noted that robotic tasks should be carefully selected, as robots are not able to provide empathy and affection that are often required in nursing. The remaining challenges still exist in the implementation and interaction of multi-functional capabilities, ensuring ease of use for a complex robotic system, grasping highly heterogeneous objects, and fulfilling formal and infrastructural requirements in healthcare (e.g., safety, security, and data protection).

Bending Rules, Telling Stories: Convivial Game Design Approaches for Engaging With Futures

Games have been used in civic participation (Lerner, 2014) and civic learning (Raphael et al. 2010). Building on the idea of using games for participation, democracy and collaboration, we propose approaching games as tools for convivial learning. First introduced by Illich (1973), the concept of conviviality envisions a society characterised by collaboration and self-determination, underpinned by tools that encourage joyful interaction, creativity and human agency through control over the tools. We believe that games as convivial tools could help bring forth creativity and mutual learning about civic processes and desirable futures. Yet, games’ nature as rigid systems of rules (Salen &amp; Zimmerman, 2010) seems potentially at odds with positioning them as tools promoting agency. We propose to use the tension arising between rigidity and agency as starting point for exploring game design strategies for convivial games through research-through-design. We ask how games for thinking about the future may be designed that allow players to exercise control over their own experience, and to what effect. Inspired by the concept of critical play (Flanagan, 2009; Grace, 2014) and building on the distinction between narrative and mechanics as key constituting game elements, we have designed two distinct games for collaboratively engaging with the future. The first, Narrate, focuses on letting players invent their own narrative, whilst the second game Remix allows for experimentation with game rules and mechanics. We present the design process for each game and contrast the different approaches taken. Each game was tested by two groups and analysed in regards to its capacity to bring forth conviviality, creativity and collaboration. The paper compares and provides a discussion on how suitable the two chosen strategies of experimenting with narrative or mechanics are for (1) facilitating thinking and learning about shared futures, and (2) supporting player agency and bringing forth convivial interactions.

6953 Bridging the Gender Gap: Sexually Dimorphic Brain Responses in Distressing Low Sexual Desire

Abstract Disclosure: J. Tsoutsouki: None. N. Ertl: None. E.G. Mills: None. M.B. Wall: None. L. Thurston: None. L. Yang: None. S. Suladze: None. T. Hunjan: None. M. Phylactou: None. B. Patel: None. J. Howard: None. A. Abbara: None. D. Golmeier: None. A.N. Comninos: None. W.S. Dhillo: None. Background: Distressing low sexual desire, termed Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD), affects 10% of women and 8% of men. The established ‘top-down’ neurofunctional model of HSDD in women suggests that in response to erotic cues, excessive activation of higher-level cognitive brain regions (involved in introspection/self-monitoring) suppresses lower-level sexual brain centres, thereby impeding normal sexual function. By contrast, the neurodysfunction in men with HSDD remains to be fully characterised and crucially unlike in women, there are currently no licensed therapies. Herein, we report the first direct comparison of the neural bases of HSDD in women and men. Methods: 32 premenopausal women with HSDD [mean age±SD (y) 29.2±6.7] and 32 men with HSDD [age 37.9±8.6] underwent a task-based functional MRI (fMRI) measuring sexual brain activity during erotic versus control (exercise) videos. Participants completed psychometric questionnaires before and after the fMRI scan, providing functional relevance for the brain activity changes. Results: Women displayed significantly greater activation in higher-level cortical regions (e.g. inferior frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus) and lower-level limbic brain regions (e.g. amygdala, striatum, thalamus) in response to erotic videos, compared to the men. Lower activation in lower-limbic sexual regions in women correlated with more severe HSDD, which along with a hyperactivation in the inferior-frontal gyrus relative to the men, supports the ‘top-down’ mechanism underlying HSDD in women. By contrast, men exhibited lower activation in both higher-cortical and lower-limbic regions, but greater activation than the women in the visual cortex in response to erotic videos. Hence, a heightened sensitivity to visual erotic cues in men might not be effectively relayed to the limbic system. In women only, hypothalamic hyperactivation in response to erotic videos correlated with ‘increased heartbeat’ (r=0.5, P=0.001), and ‘tingling all over’ (r=0.6, P&amp;lt;0.001), while higher striatal activation correlated with feeling more ‘stimulated’ (r=0.4, P=0.001) and ‘genital tingling’ (r=0.6, P&amp;lt;0.001) on the psychometric questionnaires. Crucially, these findings were specific to erotic stimuli as no differences were identified in the control comparison (exercise&amp;gt;baseline contrast). Discussion: This is the first study to directly compare the neural bases of distressing low sexual desire in women and men. While supporting the ‘top-down’ mechanism of HSDD in women, it suggests a different neurodysfunctional process in men with HSDD, highlighting a potential functional disconnection between sensory/attention and sexual centres. Our findings have key clinical implications as they identify a sexual dimorphism in the neural bases of low sexual desire relevant to the escalating development of therapeutics for patients with HSDD. Presentation: 6/3/2024

Tales of Online Learner Autonomy: Highlights and Challenges in the Disruptive Age

When the new normal learning mode capitalized on technologically mediated communication, it created a high learner-content interaction while honing critical thinking and collaborative skills to achieve optimal learning. The disruption brought about by the Covid-19 pandemic instilled a sense of independence and flexibility in learning. The aim of this autoethnography is to consider the accounts of the author’s independent learning throughout the pandemic in an online course. The author’s comments, insights, and observations, which formed dense descriptions of the lived realities and were interpreted and analyzed through an autoethnographic lens, constituted a significant portion of the data. The findings show that students who engage in online learner autonomy assume complete accountability and exercise control over the learning process, thereby strengthening their capacity for independent and cooperative learning. Students face difficulties when they are overly flexible and independent, which leads to uncritical assessment of the material covered. The problem can be solved by applying critical thinking.

Актуальные технологии информационной войны и стратегических коммуникаций

The relevance of the presented article is explained by the fact that in the conditions of aggravation of relations between Russia and the countries of the collective West, effective protection oт the country's strategic interests is a priority function of the state. The purpose of the research work is to analyze the main technologies of information warfare, as well as the analysis of the phenomenon of strategic communications close to information warfare. Today, the terms "information warfare" and "strategic communications" have firmly entered into scientific and business circulation, and the 21st century itself has been marked by the activation of the use of innovative technologies of information confrontation. The authors consider known approaches to understanding the phenomenon of information warfare, consider the features of application, advantages and limitations of information warfare technologies. They come to the conclusion that information warfare is an integral element of the dynamics of a modern international conflict, in view of this, the ability to navigate the features of modern crisis information and communication interaction, knowledge of the technology of conducting information wars will help to exercise control over it own information field and the enemy's information resources.

The What and Hows of Local Fiscal Condition in South Korea

ABSTRACT This study explores the local fiscal condition in South Korea, which is a fiscally centralized system. Upon reviewing the local fiscal management systems operated by the central government, we find that the central government monitors and evaluates local fiscal condition to exercise control over the local management practices rather than to achieve actual financial improvements. The study also conducts empirical analyses using panel data from all 243 local governments between 2012 and 2021. Results suggest the importance of local governments’ managerial capacity in offsetting fiscal constraints under a fiscally centralized system. The study contributes to broadening the generalizability of fiscal condition theories and deepening the context-specific understanding of local fiscal condition.

Effects of photobiomodulation therapy associated with motor control exercise for chronic non-specific low back pain: protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled trial

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), as an adjunct therapy to exercise, can reduce pain in musculoskeletal disorders. In addition, PBMT associated with exercise decreases fatigue, accelerates muscle recovery and enhances performance and...

Exercise and tumor proteome: insights from a neuroblastoma model.

The impact of exercise on pediatric tumor biology is essentially unknown. We explored the effects of regular exercise on tumor proteome profile (as assessed with liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry) in a mouse model of one of the most aggressive childhood malignancies, high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB). Tumor samples of 14 male mice (aged 6-8 wk) that were randomly allocated into an exercise (5-wk combined aerobic and resistance training) or nonexercise control group (6 and 8 mice/group, respectively) were analyzed. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins database was used to generate a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and enrichment analyses. The Systems Biology Triangle (SBT) algorithm was applied for analyses at the functional category level. Tumors of exercised mice showed a higher and lower abundance of 101 and 150 proteins, respectively, than controls [false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05]. These proteins were enriched in metabolic pathways, amino acid metabolism, regulation of hormone levels, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling (FDR < 0.05). The SBT algorithm indicated that 184 and 126 categories showed a lower and higher abundance, respectively, in the tumors of exercised mice (FDR < 0.01). Categories with lower abundance were involved in energy production, whereas those with higher abundance were related to transcription/translation, apoptosis, and tumor suppression. Regular exercise altered the abundance of hundreds of intratumoral proteins and molecular pathways, particularly those involved in energy metabolism, apoptosis, and tumor suppression. These findings provide preliminary evidence of the molecular mechanisms underlying the potential effects of exercise in HR-NB.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to explore the impact of a 5-wk exercise intervention on the tumor proteome profile in a mouse model of one of the most aggressive childhood malignancies, high-risk neuroblastoma. Exercise altered the abundance of hundreds of proteins and pathways, particularly those involved in energy metabolism and tumor suppression. These molecular changes could mediate, at least partly, the potential antitumorigenic effects of exercise.