Control Elements Research Articles

Evaluation and optimization of textile ultrasonic welds for textile temperature control elements using transient thermal numerical analysis

Ultrasonic welding is an efficient method of joining thermoplastic fabrics or other textile semi-finished products in a watertight manner. It is applied in the making of functional clothing, such as chemical protective clothing, sportswear or smart clothing, or other technical products. Another special field of application developed at the Chair of Development and Assembly of Textile Products is the use of coated textiles as temperature control elements. For this type of product, it is necessary to design the ultrasonic welds in such a way that the media-tight coating is not damaged and the joint is continuous. This paper presents the option of evaluating and optimizing the ultrasonic welding process for the production of the textile tempering systems using transient thermal analysis in order to improve the overall quality of the seam and ensure media tightness along the seam.
 In the following article, the status of the welding process, in particular the ultrasonic process, the textile materials, the heating of the textile and the joining process of welding is presented. In addition, the transient heat flow through the textile is investigated with the aid of FEM methods; taking into account, various seam structures.

Rotary inverted pendulum control using neuro-adaptive robust generalized dynamic inversion

The objective of this research is to design a robust control system for trajectory tracking of the under-actuated Rotary Inverted Pendulum (RIP). The focus is on achieving semi-global asymptotic stability in the absence of knowledge about the RIP geometric and inertia parameters. The control design commences by formulating differential servo constraint dynamics (VCD) that encapsulates the control objectives for the RIP. The baseline generalized dynamic inversion (GDI) control law is derived by inverting the VCD for the control voltage input using the Moore–Penrose generalized inverse. To enhance robustness against modeling uncertainties and exogenous disturbances, a sliding mode control (SMC) element is integrated within the GDI control system, resulting in the robust GDI (RGDI) control system. Furthermore, an adaptive estimator that is based on Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (RBF-NN) is adopted to eliminate the dependency of the RGDI control system on the RIP mathematical model. The weighting matrices of the RBF-NN are updated with the aid of a Lyapunov control function. The proposed control system offers robust solution and guarantees semi-global asymptotic stability to the unstable equilibria of the RIP dynamics in the absence of a mathematical model. The proposed control system’s performance is evaluated through computer simulations and experimental tests on a real RIP system. Comparative analyses with traditional SMC and linear quadratic control methodologies are conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Evaluation of microbial occurrence in reusable robotic instruments for minimally invasive surgery: A pilot study.

In recent decades, minimally invasive surgery has become the favoured surgical technique, with increasing utilisation of robotic surgery to enhance patient outcomes. However, the design complexity of surgical robotic instruments can pose challenges in maintaining adequate cleaning, disinfection and sterilisation-particularly of the device's interior. In our hospital, robotic instruments are reused for a maximum of ten successive patients, following the manufacturer's guidelines. To the best of our knowledge, neither the manufacturer nor ISO standards have specified any methods to determine the sterility of robotic instruments after cleaning, disinfection and sterilisation procedures. In a small pilot study, we used a locally developed protocol to evaluate the sterility of 20 da Vinci SI robotic instruments, with the aim of determining whether the recommended cleaning, disinfection and sterilisation process is adequate to achieve safe usage in subsequent patients. None of the 20 instruments showed viable micro-organisms, therefore the robotic instruments were considered sterile, and suitable for re-use. We recommend our protocol to other hospitals, to be used as an essential control element in the assessment of their unique reprocessing technique for robotic instruments.

Reproducible Benchmark for the SNAP 8 Experimental Reactor at Dry Conditions

This work provides fully reproducible benchmark models of the Systems for Nuclear Auxiliary Power (SNAP) 8 Experimental Reactor. Validation benchmarks of the criticality configuration experiments under dry conditions with no coolant are presented. In addition, relevant reactivity worth experiments, and measurement of power distributions are validated and presented here. Discrepancies between modeled and experimental results are at most 110 pcm for fuel and poison worths, and critical configurations that do not manipulate control elements are within 50 pcm. Larger discrepancies found in reflector element worth experiments are due to experimental methodology which was noted as being simplified due to limited calculational capabilities at the time, while discrepancy in the control element manipulated critical configuration is due the absence of structural components for modeling simplification. Power distributions closely follow what was observed in experiment with expected peaking in reflecting elements. All models are well documented with cited references describing and justifying assumptions, simplifications, and adjustments to reproduce the models with any nuclear safety codes; model inputs and outputs are stored in the snapReactors GitHub repository.

A high-performance multilevel power supply for versatile induction heating processes

Purpose Induction heating processes need to adapt to complex geometries or variable processes that require a high degree of flexibility in the induction heating setup. This is usually done using complex inductors or adaptable resonant tanks, which leads to costly and constrained implementations. This paper aims to propose a multi-level, versatile power supply able to adapt the output to the required induction heating process. Design/methodology/approach This paper proposes a versatile multilevel topology able to generate versatile output waveforms. The methodology followed includes simulation of the proposed architecture, design of the power electronics, control and magnetic elements and laboratory tests after building a 10-level prototype. Findings The proposed converter has been designed and tested using an experimental prototype. The designed generator is able to operate at 1 kVpp and 100 A at 250 kHz, proving the feasibility of the proposed approach. Originality/value The proposed converter enables versatile waveform generation, enabling advanced tests and processes on induction heating system. The proposed system allows for multifrequency generation using a single inductor and converter, or advanced tests for inductive and capacitive components used on induction heating systems. Unlike previous multifrequency proposals, the proposed generator enables a significantly improved versatility in terms of operational frequency and amplitude in a single converter.

Development of Cyber Physical System Based Manufacturing System Design

Cyber Physical System (CPS) is Informatics and computer science. Cyber physical manufacturing system is a new research field. In the fields of computer science and manufacturing science and technology Promote the Fourth Industrial Revolution known as Industry 4.0. CPS is generally focused. About the integration of the physical world and cyberspace. It`s the integration of communication, Computational, control, and physical elements. Currently, CPS is Science, government and industry. Systematic literature review on cyber. The physical system of the manufacturing system is not available. The purpose of the chapters in this bookis to gain insight into manufacturing systems and develop cyber-physical systems. Physical systems for intelligent manufacturing. CPS is written using the concept of CPS. A 5-tier architecture system for manufacturing systems. Continuous Key Release. It also describes the technology of cyber physical manufacturing systems. Combined with manufacturing, CPS enables intelligent manufacturing and provides technical support for manufacturing upgrades and conversions. This can be summarized in three aspects: internet-based manufacturing, process intelligence, and product intelligence. Future manufacturing is said to be personalized manufacturing based on cyber physical systems, intelligent manufacturing, digital manufacturing, and network-based manufacturing. CPS continues to transform the manufacturing trends of the industry, creating even more amazing value for future global manufacturing scenarios

Перспективи застосування віртуального лабораторного стенда «Дослідження та оцінювання електромагнітного поля на робочих місцях»

This article examines the potential of using a virtual laboratory stand to perform laboratory work on the topic "Research and assessment of the electromagnetic field at workplaces," which is included in the curriculum of the discipline "Occupational safety in industry and civil protection." While performing this laboratory work, the student should familiarize himself with the requirements regarding the electromagnetic field and control the voltage levels at the workplaces. Based on the obtained results, the student must draw a conclusion regarding the possibility or impossibility of working in such conditions, as well as develop measures and means to achieve regulatory parameters.
 The purpose of this article is to highlight the main possibilities of using a virtual laboratory stand to perform laboratory work on the topic "Research and assessment of the electromagnetic field at workplaces" from the normative discipline "Occupational safety in the industry and civil protection".
 The article provides an overview of windows and instructions for using the developed computer program for a virtual laboratory stand. The key features of this program are described, such as the availability of theoretical materials on the performance of laboratory work, detailed reproduction of the appearance and control elements of real equipment, the implementation of mathematical models of dependencies between input and output parameters, the ability to return to any stage of the performance of this laboratory work and continue it from any point, as well as the ability to save the results as a text file for preparing a report.
 It was established that the use of similar technologies from other laboratory works in the discipline "Occupational safety in the industry and civil protection" require further research.

Host-like RNA Elements Regulate Virus Translation.

Viruses are obligate, intracellular parasites that co-opt host cell machineries for propagation. Critical among these machineries are those that translate RNA into protein and their mechanisms of control. Most regulatory mechanisms effectuate their activity by targeting sequence or structural features at the RNA termini, i.e., at the 5' or 3' ends, including the untranslated regions (UTRs). Translation of most eukaryotic mRNAs is initiated by 5' cap-dependent scanning. In contrast, many viruses initiate translation at internal RNA regions at internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs). Eukaryotic mRNAs often contain upstream open reading frames (uORFs) that permit condition-dependent control of downstream major ORFs. To offset genome compression and increase coding capacity, some viruses take advantage of out-of-frame overlapping uORFs (oORFs). Lacking the essential machinery of protein synthesis, for example, ribosomes and other translation factors, all viruses utilize the host apparatus to generate virus protein. In addition, some viruses exhibit RNA elements that bind host regulatory factors that are not essential components of the translation machinery. SARS-CoV-2 is a paradigm example of a virus taking advantage of multiple features of eukaryotic host translation control: the virus mimics the established human GAIT regulatory element and co-opts four host aminoacyl tRNA synthetases to form a stimulatory binding complex. Utilizing discontinuous transcription, the elements are present and identical in all SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic RNAs (and the genomic RNA). Thus, the virus exhibits a post-transcriptional regulon that improves upon analogous eukaryotic regulons, in which a family of functionally related mRNA targets contain elements that are structurally similar but lacking sequence identity. This "thrifty" virus strategy can be exploited against the virus since targeting the element can suppress the expression of all subgenomic RNAs as well as the genomic RNA. Other 3' end viral elements include 3'-cap-independent translation elements (3'-CITEs) and 3'-tRNA-like structures. Elucidation of virus translation control elements, their binding proteins, and their mechanisms can lead to novel therapeutic approaches to reduce virus replication and pathogenicity.

WIRELESS LAN DESIGN AND FUTURE INTERNET ARCHITECTURE

In this research thesis, an advance work is being done on the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) design and future internet architecture for intrusion detection. There has been a large shift worldwide in using technology in almost every aspect of our lives. This trend has been termed in many industries as the "Internet of Things" (IoT), where the Internet and cloud- based activities are seeing more and more use for control, monitoring and data storage applications. As stated earlier, these assumptions were made because of the extreme difficulty in obtaining any related telemetry from an actual WLAN system or business-critical network. To improve the validity of the simulation, it would be beneficial to obtain even sanitized telemetry from an actual system. Then, the simulation could be refined to better reflect the dynamics of the signals in a real system. If actual WLAN system data is unobtainable, then the test by itself can be modified to reflect more processes seen in these systems. First, a small flow loop with sensing and control elements could be constructed and driven by the servers of the test bed. The primary server in the test bed that acts as the WLAN server could then be programmed to poll the sensors, issue commands and collect data. Time synchronous averaging techniques are used to resample telemetry sources that have different sampling rates. The research provides several case studies to prove the efficacy of the newly developed variable grouping technique for WLAN. Recall that variable grouping methods are needed to extract sets or subsets of variables that give the lowest model prediction errors. The research also presents AAKR and AAMSET model results for several successfully detected intrusion activities from two different data sets. The models utilized four different clusters of telemetry taken from the Linux kernel to determine which class of telemetry was more effective for intrusion detection. The knowledge-based system is certainly the most numerous and widely used type that uses signatures or features of known wireless network attacks for detection purposes. While this type is easy to implement and has a low rate of false/missed alarms, it will always miss the so-called zero-day wireless network attacks. Recall that a zero-day wireless network attack is a new, unknown intrusion. Because the knowledge-based system has never seen a zero-day intrusion event, it will classify this new behavior as normal. In contrast, the behavior-based system can detect known and zero-day wireless network attacks with an accuracy of 97.86% correctly. This type uses data-driven modeling techniques to learn normal system behavior. Once trained, any future monitored telemetry that deviates from this learned behavior will be labeled as an intrusion event.

Learning Stiffness Tensors in Self-Activated Solids via a Local Rule.

Mechanical metamaterials are often designed with particular properties for specific load-bearing functions. Alternatively, this study aims to create a class of active lattice metamaterials, dubbed self-activated solids, that can learn desired stiffness tensors from the elastic deformations they experienced, a crucial feature to improve the performance, efficiency, and functionality of materials. Artificial adaptive matters that combine sensory, control, and actuation elements can offer appealing solutions. However, challenges still remain: The designs will rely on accurate off-line and global computations, as well as intricate coordination among individual elements. Here, a simple online and local learning strategy is initiated based on contrastive Hebbian learning to gradually guide self-activated solids to possess sought-after stiffness tensors autonomously and reversibly. During learning, the bond stiffness of the active lattice varies depending only on its local strain. The numerical tests show that the self-activated solid can not only achieve the desired bulk, shear, and coupling moduli but also manifest uni-mode and bi-mode extremal materials by itself after experiencing the corresponding elastic deformations. Further, the self-activated solid can also achieve the desired time-varying moduli when exposed to temporally different loads. The design is applicable to any lattice geometries and is resistant to damage and instabilities. The material design approach and the physical learning strategy suggested can benefit the design of autonomous materials, physical learning machines, and adaptiverobots.

A novel Dual-Magnetic circuit actuated Fast-Switching valve with Multi-Stage excitation control algorithm

Solenoid type fast-switching valve is the commonly used control element in digital hydraulics, and its magnetic circuit is completely composed of soft magnetic materials. The current research primarily focuses on reducing the response time of the valve, but it neglects the influence of the relationship between the opening and closing response times on the control accuracy. However, it faces the issue of opening and closing processes asymmetry aggravated by coil severe heating and various operating pressures, which would lead to flow errors and restrict control accuracy. Hence, this paper proposed a novel dual-magnetic circuit actuated fast-switching valve (DAFV) with a multi-stage excitation control algorithm (MSEC). The DAFV utilizes a permanent magnet (PM) to maintain the open state without electrical, avoiding large temperature rises. The variable excitation control of MSEC is achieved by precisely adjusting the duty cycle of both the delay and movement stages, ensuring stability and symmetry in response time. Among in, the duty cycles are set online for each stage to adapt to the operating pressure and target response time. The experiment shows that the response times of opening and closing almost remain the same at approximately 1.16 ms under different operating pressures. The relative flow error is reduced to within 4.1 %, while the maximum temperature rise is 15 ℃.

Characteristics and Identification Priority Source of Heavy Metals Pollution in Farmland Soils in the Yellow River Basin

Assessments of the soil environmental quality of farmland and pollution source apportionment are the foundation for ensuring national food security and agricultural sustainable development, as well as an important prerequisite for the pursuit to keep our lands clean. This study evaluated the characteristics of heavy metal pollution in farmland soils in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2023, based on the data of heavy metal contents including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn, using the geo-accumulation index method. Source apportionment was conducted by employing a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. The probabilistic health risks were evaluated by coupling Monte Carlo simulation with a human health risk assessment model, and priority pollution sources and elements were identified. The results showed that:① the average content of all heavy metals in farmland soils within the study area was lower than the screening values specified in the soil environment quality risk control standard for soil contamination of agriculture land (GB 15618-2018) (pH>7.5). However, the contents of Cd, As, and Zn in the samples exceeded their screening values, with percentages of 21.69%, 5.56%, and 1.23%, respectively, with Cd having the highest rate of exceedance. ② Hg and Cd were moderately polluted, Cu and Pb were slightly polluted, and the other elements were not polluted. ③ The main sources of heavy metals in farmland soil were traffic-industrial sources, natural-agricultural sources, industrial-natural sources, and agricultural-industrial sources, with contribution rates of 37.04%, 26.69%, 21.72%, and 14.55%, respectively. ④ Heavy metals in farmland soil posed carcinogenic health risks to adults and children but did not have non-carcinogenic risks; As and Cd were priority control elements for human health risks, and industrial-natural sources and agricultural-industrial sources were priority control sources in the study area.

Case study: Computer modeling the noise produced by a future food court radiated to nearby existing offices

Lately, there’s an increase in the co-existence of spaces of different usage with acoustical challenge. Throughout 2016 to 2018, the 2nd floor of the Complexe Les Ailes, in Montreal, underwent a fit-out to become a food court. At its center, there is an elliptical atrium where all levels are can be viewed. There are existing offices above the food court separated by a glass pane. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the noise generated by human activities in the future food court to the adjacent offices and recommend noise control elements if needed. Multiple sound samples were taken at existing food courts to quantify the sound level. Simulations were done with ODEON, a room acoustic software, to evaluate the sound level produced by different activities. On-site measurements were conducted to calibrate the existing conditions with the 3D ODEON model. Finally, noise reduction tests were undertaken to determine the sound levels that would be radiated in the offices by the activities in the food court. To reduce noise disturbance in the offices, acoustical treatment under the ceiling of the food court was recommended and the 3rd and 4th floor glass panes composition would have to be improved.

Controlling Three-Phase Induction Motor with an Internet of Things (IoT) Smart Industrial Panel

Abstract: With the transition from manual to auto systems, technology has been advancing globally. The smart control panel is the subject of this study. The electrical components of appliances can be inductive, resistive, or capacitive. The majority of inductive devices are motors. a three-stage There are many uses for induction motors in the global power system because of its many benefits, including low starting power, low maintenance cost, and widespread use. This paper discusses fault analysis in induction motors using MATLAB/SIMULINK, providing optimal protection combining traditional and IoT for both automatic and manual methods, and making it fully controllable according to the requirements of protection engineers for various loads. This is important for the economy and the motors' longevity, as it ensures that they operate optimally with the best smart protection techniques. In this setup, the control elements include a molded-case circuit breaker for safety, a temperature and vibration sensor with an Internet of Things (IoT) based remote data collecting method for automatic protection, and a selector switch for human control and automatic operation.

DESIGN, AERODYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND MANUFACTURE OF A FLYING WING

This paper has demonstrated the feasibility of manufacturing a flying wing by performing the following steps: making a sketch of the model, establishing the preliminary design and sizing of the model, computer-aided designing using specific software systems, aerodynamic analysis of flight performance, manufacturing and assembling the components, and finally testing the motor and control elements. The wing model has a mass of 750 grams, a maximum speed of about 50 km/h and a range of 17 minutes. The wing model has been designed to accommodate a small video camera that can transmit images in real time. The wing can perform multiple missions: aerial surveillance of certain areas of interest or search and rescue missions in hard-to- reach areas.

Energy and acoustic evaluation of classroom ventilation and its influence on the design of the air-conditioning system

This contribution presents research results on the stable acoustic microclimate of a classroom and ventilation system design. The authors investigated the acoustic parameters of the classroom during a long-term operation of a forced ventilation system with variable airflow. By conducting an acoustic and energy study, the energy significance of variable airflow forced ventilation is demonstrated, leading to substantial energy savings relative to the widely used constant airflow ventilation systems. The calculations show the necessity to implement specific acoustic measures to maintain an optimal acoustic microclimate in the classroom. A significant finding is the clear benefit of combining building acoustic measures with variable air volume forced ventilation systems. As shown by simulations and calculations, the use of the presented building acoustic measures can ensure a stable indoor environment in the classroom even when a forced ventilation system containing specific control elements is installed, and at the same time, reduce the energy consumption of the ventilation system by 15–20 % compared to constant airflow ventilation systems.

Blockchain for the digital twin-driven autonomous optical network

In recent years, optical networks have become increasingly large-scale and complex, resulting in mounting pressures on operation and maintenance management. The techniques of the artificial intelligence (AI)-driven digital twin (DT) have been applied to optical networks to pave the way for creating the self-optimizing and self-controlling autonomous optical network (AON). However, the AON is confronted with many security and reliability issues: the centralized architecture is prone to data loss during system disconnection and active/standby switchover, and the massive data, DT models, and control instructions in the AON all face the risk of being tampered with, directly affecting the effectiveness of network regulation. In addition, the reliability of complex autonomous processes should be ensured. To address these challenges, in this paper, we applied blockchain to a DT-driven AON with the designed architecture and deployment scheme to realize data loss prevention, anti-tamper storage, secure autonomous operations, access control, and network element controller decisions. A blockchain-based solution was studied by considering the quality of transmission (QoT) estimation and link optimization as examples. Four chaincodes were designed and developed to perform the model storage, service definition, telemetry subscription, data collection, model implementation, and instruction delivery in the AON. Furthermore, the proposed solution was developed and deployed using Hyperledger Fabric. The Hyperledger Caliper was used to test the performance of the proposed blockchain system. The distributed environment is used for performance testing to simulate the real scenario. The test results are analyzed to indicate the future development direction.

LactoSpanks: A Collection of IPTG Inducible Promoters for the Commensal Lactic Acid Bacteria Lactobacillus gasseri.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are important for many biotechnological applications such as bioproduction and engineered probiotics for therapy. Inducible promoters are key gene expression control elements, yet those available in LAB are mainly based on bacteriocin systems and have many drawbacks, including large gene clusters, costly inducer peptides, and little portability to in vivo settings. Using Lactobacillus gasseri, a model commensal bacteria from the human gut, we report the engineering of synthetic LactoSpanks promoters (Pls), a collection of variable strength inducible promoters controlled by the LacI repressor from E.coli and induced by isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). We first show that the Phyper-spank promoter from Bacillus subtilis is functional in L.gasseri, albeit with substantial leakage. We then construct and screen a semirational library of Phyper-spank variants to select a set of four IPTG-inducible promoters that span a range of expression levels and exhibit reduced leakages and operational dynamic ranges (from ca. 9 to 28 fold-change). With their low genetic footprint and simplicity of use, LactoSpanks will support many applications in L.gasseri, and potentially other lactic acid and Gram-positive bacteria.

RND3 Potentiates Proinflammatory Activation through NOTCH Signaling in Activated Macrophages.

Macrophage activation is a complex process with multiple control elements that ensures an adequate response to the aggressor pathogens and, on the other hand, avoids an excess of inflammatory activity that could cause tissue damage. In this study, we have identified RND3, a small GTP-binding protein, as a new element in the complex signaling process that leads to macrophage activation. We show that RND3 expression is transiently induced in macrophages activated through Toll receptors and potentiated by IFN-γ. We also demonstrate that RND3 increases NOTCH signaling in macrophages by favoring NOTCH1 expression and its nuclear activity; however, Rnd3 expression seems to be inhibited by NOTCH signaling, setting up a negative regulatory feedback loop. Moreover, increased RND3 protein levels seem to potentiate NFκB and STAT1 transcriptional activity resulting in increased expression of proinflammatory genes, such as Tnf-α, Irf-1, or Cxcl-10. Altogether, our results indicate that RND3 seems to be a new regulatory element which could control the activation of macrophages, able to fine tune the inflammatory response through NOTCH.

Performance Analysis of a Vibration Absorber with the Inerter Element and Amplifying Mechanism

Based on the good performance of the new control elements, we introduce the viscoelastic model, the amplification mechanism and the inerter element into the dynamic vibration absorber (DVA). Then, we take it as the research object to obtain the DVA parameters when the system achieves the optimal vibration reduction effect based on the fixed-point theory. Finally, it is eventually demonstrated that the DVA discussed in this paper possesses significant benefits in mitigating vibrations, which provides theoretical basis and data support for the parameters design of DVAs in engineering application.