Classical Control Research Articles

Implementation of the Independent Learning Curriculum in the Subject of Pancasila and Civic Education

This study aims to determine the effect of applying the Independent Learning Curriculum in Pancasila and Civic Education subjects in the experimental class with the average learning outcomes of lessons in the control class using the 2013 curriculum. The method used in this research is the Experimental method with the research design used is that the experimental group is given treatment, namely using the independent learning curriculum (x) and the control group in its learning uses the 2013 curriculum (y). The sample in this study were all students of class VII A and class VII B of the Catholic Junior High School of the Sacred Heart of Manado totaling 38 students, consisting of two classes, namely the control class totaling 18 students and the experimental class totaling 20 students. The variables and indicators used are independent variables and dependent variables. In data collection techniques using observation and research instruments. Based on the results of the study, it shows that there is a significant influence on learning outcomes in Pancasila and Civic Education subjects in class VII students of the Catholic Junior High School of the Sacred Heart of Manado.

The Effect of Strengthening Responsible Character Education on Student Learning Achievement Through Civics Learning at SMP Negeri 8 Satap Tondano

The problem in this research is how to maintain the mandatory school personality which influences student learning achievement at SMP Negeri 8 Satap Tondano. This researcher hopes to see whether there is an influence of the required character strengthening efforts on student learning achievement. The methodology used in this test is a preliminary strategy with a Fair Benchmark Gathering Plan pretest and posttest. The population in this survey were all students of SMP Negeri 8 Satap Tondano and the investigation test was 20 students (10 students in class VIII and 10 students in class IX) who were randomly selected from the investigation class and the control class. Judging from the results of the assessment using the t-test at the real level α = 0.05, t_count = 9.952 and t_table = 1.734, because t_count > t_table then H_(o) is rejected and H_1 is recognized. Thus, it is hoped that efforts to strengthen the character of commitment can influence student learning achievement. The scientists proposed that this exploration could serve as a reference in exploring ways to further develop careful individual preparation to help further promote student achievement learning.

Pengaruh Model Game Based Learning Terhadap Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Komputer Siswa Kelas V di SD Plus Marhamah

The variation of the game-based learning model and aims to determine its influence on the activities and learning outcomes of grade V students at SD Plus Marhamah. The research method applied in this study is quantitative with a quasy experiment design. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The sample was represented by class V.B as the control group and class V.C as the experimental group, each totaling 25 students. Data was collected through questionnaires for learning activities and tests for learning outcomes. Data analysis included normality test, homogeneity test, and t-test at a significance level of 0.05 to see the difference between the control group and the experiment. The results of the study showed that there was a significant influence of the application of the game-based learning model on student activities and learning outcomes. Based on this parametric statistical test (one tailed test), significant differences can be seen between the experimental class and the control class, both in activities and learning outcomes. Thus, it can be concluded that the game-based learning model has a positive and significant impact on the activities and learning outcomes of grade V students at SD Plus Marhamah

Pengaruh Model PjBL Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas VIII pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di MTs Muhammadiyah Padang Panjang

This study aims to determine the influence of the project-based learning model on Indonesian subjects in grade VIII at MTS Muhammadiyah Padang Panjang. This research was carried out with a quantitative research method in the form of a Quasi Experiment. There were 70 students as a sample in class VIII consisting of 35 people in the experimental class and 35 people in the control class. The data collection technique used is a test at the beginning and at the end of Indonesian learning. The data analysis techniques are normality tests, homogeneity tests, and hypothesis tests with the t-test method. The results of the study show that the application of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model has an effect on the learning outcomes of grade VIII students, as evidenced by the t-test value that has been carried out using Microsoft Excel in this study of 9.395 which is greater than the ttable 1.668 at the significance level of α 0.05, meaning that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. There is a significant difference between the average learning outcomes of students using the PjBL learning model. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of the Project Based Learning model has an effect on student learning outcomes in Indonesian subject grade VIII MTS Kauman Muhammadiyah Padang Panjang

Efektivitas Penggunaan Media Video Animasi Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran IPA Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Pariaman

Student learning outcomes are still low, especially in science subject grade VIII at SMP Negeri 3 Pariaman. This is because the media used by teachers in the learning process is still less varied, teachers use media in the form of printed books in which there are pictures that are difficult for students to understand. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of animated video media on student learning outcomes in science subject grade VIII at SMP Negeri 3 Pariaman. This type of research is quantitative research with an experimental approach in the form of a quasi experiment. The sample selected was class VIII.3 as a control class with 31 people and class VIII.5 as an experimental class with 31 people. This research was conducted on science subjects with human respiratory system material. The data processing used was a normality test, a homogeneity test, and a hypothesis test using the independent test method of t-test samples, with a significant level of ∝<0.05. The results showed that there was a difference in learning outcomes, the experimental class with an average score of 70.48, compared to the control class with an average score of 60.38. Based on the results of the t-test calculation, t count = 2.987 while t table with a significant level ∝0.05 = 2.0003. When compared, the t calculation > t table is 2.987 > 2.0003. Which means that H1 is accepted, so that the effective animation video media is significantly applied to the learning outcomes of grade VIII students in science subjects at SMP Negeri 3 Pariaman

THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING ASSISTED WITH PHET SIMULATION ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING OUTCOMES OF LIGHT AND OPTICAL DEVICES OPTICS TOPIC

This research is based on the preliminary study conducted at SMPN 16 Padang which found that students' learning outcomes in science teaching are still considered suboptimal. This is indicated by several students' scores that have not yet met the Learning Outcome Completion Criteria of 80. This research aims to determine the effect of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by PhET simulations on the learning outcomes of eighth-grade students at SMPN 16 Padang. The type of research is a quasi-experiment with a non-equivalent control group design. The population in this study is all the eighth-grade students of SMPN 16 Padang. Sample collection was conducted using purposive sampling techniques. Thus, the research samples were obtained from students in class VIII 2 and VIII 4. The research samples consisted of experimental class applying the Problem-Based Learning model assisted by PhET simulations and control class using the conventional learning model. Data collection was conducted through tests administered before (pretest) and after the treatment (posttest) on the experimental and control classes in the form of multiple-choice questions. The obtained data were analyzed using inferential statistical analysis, and the results of the two-sample t-test for the pre-test and N-gain were 0.002 for the pre-test significance and 0.000 for the N-Gain significance, which means was rejected or there was a significant difference between the two groups because the significance value (p) was less than 0.05. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of the application of the PBL learning model assisted by PhET simulations on the learning outcomes of eighth-grade students in the subject of light and optical instruments.

Creative Thinking Ability and Collaborating in Classroom with ASICC Learning Model

Twenty-first century education demands the birth of a generation that thinks at a higher level, including creative thinking. Apart from that it also requires the ability to collaborate. These abilities prepare students to face future challenges. Therefore, this research examines efforts to improve these two abilities in learning through quasi-experimental research using a non-equivalent pre-post test control group design by comparing two classes that program genetics courses with a total of 82 students. The experimental class was taught using the ASICC model, while the control class did not use the ASICC model. The research instrument used was an integrated essay test instrument for creative thinking abilities, while the collaboration instrument used a collaboration questionnaire. The instruments used have been validated and declared valid and reliable. The data obtained was then analyzed using the t-test, which previously began with homogeneity and normality tests. The research results showed that there were differences between the experimental class and the control class for creative thinking abilities and collaborative skills. The average collaboration value of the ASICC model class was higher than the control class. This research indicates that the ASICC learning model can be used as an alternative learning model that can improve students’ creative thinking and collaboration skills. Keywords: twenty-first century education, ASICC model, creative thinking, collaborative

Load frequency and virtual inertia control for power system using fuzzy self-tuned PID controller with high penetration of renewable energy

AbstractReliance on renewable energy is increasing, and generating units are being added to the network. Since renewable power fluctuates greatly, the frequency deviation of the grid becomes a crucial problem with access to renewable power generation. The fluctuation of the renewable power output of the system puts forward a higher demand for load frequency control of the power grid to increase the penetration of renewable power in the system. PID controller has proven its effectiveness for the LFC due to its simple structure and clear concept. In this article, the virtual synchronous generator is introduced and a fuzzy self-tuned PID controller is proposed for inertia control. The proposed controller is implemented in light of the significant integration of renewable energy and virtual inertia. The efficacy of the suggested controller is evaluated against the traditional PID controller for the Egyptian Power System as a case study under various load disturbance scenarios. The control technique is employed for variable loads with photovoltaic and wind turbine generation systems. Three instances of load changes are studied and the controller design is performed based on grey wolf optimizer in each case. The overshot and integral time absolute error are considered as comparison measures. The new contribution is applied to the proposed controller for the grid and virtual inertia. In the case of many load variations imposed, the disturbances of residential and industrial loads varied from 0.05, 0.01, 0.15, and 0.02 pu. The maximum overshoot is 0.005 for the proposed controller and 0.0078 for the classic PID controller. The integral time absolute error is 0.06429 for the proposed controller and 0.11481 for the classic PID controller. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed controller for inertia control with high penetration of renewable energy. The results show that the proposed fuzzy self-tuned PID controller has an overshot less than the classical PID controller by 25% and integral time absolute error by 45%. These results show that the use of the proposed fuzzy self-tune controller for the grid and inertia gave a better performance in terms of the overshot value and the integral time absolute error.

IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROJECT BASED LEARINING (PJBL) BERBASIS VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF TERHADAP MINAT BELAJAR SISWA

The rapid advancement of technology forces every individual to face increasingly complex challenges. This also has an impact on the world of education, where the ability of learners is developed along with the times. This study aims to determine whether there is an influence and difference in student learning interest using a project-based learning model (PJBL) with the help of interactive learning videos in video editing subjects. The research method used is a pseudo-experimental design with a quantitative approach, and data collection is done through a questionnaire given to 66 grade X students at SMK Darus Syifa in Cilegon city. The results showed that the application of the project-based learning model influenced student interest in learning, and there were differences in the increase in the average percentage of questionnaire scores, where the control class had an average score of 53.26% while the experimental class reached 60.69%. This research is expected to be a learning model in basic video editing subjects and provide benefits for teachers, students, and future researchers.

THE INFLUENCE OF DIGITAL COMICS ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING OUTCOMES

This study aims to determine whether or not there is an influence of digital comics on the science learning outcomes of fifth grade elementary school students on single substance and mixed substance material. The research method used was quantitative with true experimental and was designed using a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design research design. The sample size for the research was 58 students who were divided into 2 groups, namely class V.A, which had 29 students as the experimental class and class V.B, which had 29 students as the control class. levence statistics, hypothesis testing using the t-test stated that both classes showed an rcount7.588 >ttable 1.672and the sig (2-tailed) value shows 0.000 < 0,05of So it can be concluded that Ha is accepted. Based on this research data, it can be proven that there is an influence of digital comics on the science learning outcomes of fifth grade elementary school students in single substance and mixed substance materials.

Enhancing Quality Control in the Mix Design of High-Strength Concrete Using a Capacity-Based Approach

The mix design of concrete is an important aspect that affects its strength and durability. This paper aims to revisit the existing mix design method given in IS 10262:2019 through a capacity-based approach. The approach involves identifying the possible failure modes in concrete and eliminating the undesirable ones leading to significant reduction in dispersion. This is accomplished by utilizing coarse aggregates that meet a specific minimum strength requirement or threshold (e.g., ~ 77 MPa for M95 grade of concrete), which is determined through a priori estimating the cohesion and friction angle of the concrete. The methodology to estimate the cohesion and friction angle from a single unconfined compression test is proposed based on the Mohr–Coulomb theory and using the orientation of failure plane of fractured specimen as a supplemental information from the same experiment. This paper also offers a simple and approximate test procedure to estimate the aggregate's compressive strength (~ 106 MPa in this mix design) reasonably which is essential for the capacity-based mix design. An experimental programme is also carried out to design the concrete mix using the proposed capacity-based approach. The results indicate that M95 concrete is achieved with a low standard deviation and coefficient of variation (~ 3%), falling in class of excellent quality control as per ACI 214R-11. This quality control is crucial in seismic structural design as variations in concrete strength is likely to negate the underlying principle of strong column–weak beam philosophy resulting in the triggering of undesirable shear modes of failure.

Pengaruh Video Animasi tehadap Pengenalan Kosakata Bahasa Inggris di Taman Kanak Kanak Assyofa

This research was motivated by the lack of development in children's ability to recognize English vocabulary. Teachers usually explain the material by giving examples of assignments, then the children are asked to do the assignments on the Children's Worksheet. This shows a lack of teacher professionalism in developing and introducing English vocabulary to children. This research aims to determine the effect of using animated video learning media on children's introduction of English vocabulary at Assyofa. Kindergarten. with a sampling technique in the form of cluster sampling involving classes B1 and B2, each consisting of 15 children. Data collection was carried out using a test containing 4 statements, and data analysis included normality tests, homogeneity tests, and hypothesis tests. The data collection tool used was a statement sheet, and the data was processed using the SPSS version 30 for Windows application. Data analysis shows that the average pre-test score for the experimental class is 112 and the post-test score is 218. The average pre-test result for the control class is 83 and the post-test result for the control class is 174. The final data set is homogeneous and distributed regularly. Based on the results of the hypothesis test, the sig (2-tailed) value is 0.000 <0.05. So Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. Sho it can be concluded that there is an influence of animated videos on children's introduction of English vocabulary.

The Effect of Interactive Learning Media on Students' Understanding of Basic Mathematical Concepts in SDN 1 Tebaban

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of interactive learning media (wordwall) on the understanding of basic mathematical concepts of grade IV students at SDN 1 Tebaban. This type of research is a quantitative research of experimental methods with a quasi-experimental design of pretest-posttest control group design. The population of this study is class IV A and IV B which totals 35 students. The sample of this study uses a saturated sampling technique. The data collection technique in this study uses observation sheets, questionnaire sheets and pretest and posttest test sheets. The data analysis techniques in this study include observation and questionnaire data analysis, descriptive analysis, normality test, variance homogeneity test and independent samples test. The results of the observation sheet showed that the students' understanding of basic mathematical concepts in the experimental class reached 75% ('Very Good'), higher than the control class which only reached 62.99% ('Good'). Based on the results of the questionnaire, the use of wordwall interactive media was proven to be more effective in improving students' understanding than mind mapping learning media and teaching aids in the control class, with 91% of students in the experimental class supporting the use of wordwalls, compared to 80% in the control class. The t-test showed a value of Sig. (2-tailed) 0.02, so that the alternative hypothesis was accepted, indicating a significant influence of interactive learning media on the understanding of mathematical concepts of grade IV students at SDN 1 Tebaban.

The Influence of PBL Based on a Pedagogical Approach on Improving the Critical Thinking Ability of MA NW Lenek Lauk Students

This study aims to find out whether the Problem Based Learning learning model based on the reflective pedagogy approach has an effect on improving students' critical thinking skills in economic learning in class X students at MA NW Lenek Lauk. This study is a Quasi Experiment research with a control group design of randong sampling. The research sample is 23 students for the experimental class and 25 students for the control class. The data collection technique uses tests in the form of Pretest and Posttest questions and uses questionnaires or questionnaires. The hypothesis proposed in this study is that there is an influence of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model based on a reflective pedagogical approach on improving the critical thinking ability of grade X students in the independent curriculum for economics subjects at MA NW Lenek Lauk. Data analysis using an independent t test with a significant value of 5 % (0.05) can be obtained with a sig.( 2-tailed) by 0.000 < 0.05. It can be concluded that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, so the Problem Based Learning (PBL) Learning Model Based on a Reflective Pedagogy Approach has an effect on improving the critical thinking skills of class X students in the Independent Curriculum for Economics Subjects at MA NW Lenek Lauk.

Empowering Student Engagement and Academic Achievement in Physical Education Classes After COVID-19: Integration of Three Teaching Models

This study aims to analyze the effects of tactical game model (TGM) and peer teaching model (PTM) in increasing student engagement and academic achievement. The true experimental method with a 10-week randomized controlled design was adopted in this study. 54 students were allocated into experimental class 1 (TGM, n = 18, 19.60 ± 1.17 years), experimental class 2 (PTM, n = 18, 20.00 ± 1.05 years) and control class (traditional, n =18, 19.40 ± 1.43 years). The instrument in this research used the student engagement questionnaire to assess student engagement in PE classes, while semester exam scores were used as academic achievement instruments. The results of the Student's paired t-test, we observed that participants in TGM, PTM and CC experienced significant differences from pre- to post-test scores on student' engagement and academic achievement (all, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the results show that there is a significant effect of time, group and time*group interaction on student' engagement (all, p < 0.05), and academic achievement (all, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Thus, we highlight the application of TGM and PTM in PE classes is important to improve students' levels of engagement and academic achievement.

Virome of red imported fire ants by metagenomic analysis in Guangdong, southern China

The red imported fire ant (RIFA) has made China its habitat for approximately 25 years, but few reports have described the species and amount of virus circulating in it. Researchers are currently exploring viruses associated with RIFAs as potential biological control agents against invasive ants. The present meta-transcriptome analysis revealed the virome of red imported fire ants in Guangdong, southern China, which included 17 viruses, including Solenopsis invicta virus 4-GD (SINV-4) and Guangdong Polycipiviridae ant virus 1 (GPAV1) in the Polycipiviridae family; Solenopsis invicta virus 1-GD (SINV-1), and Guangdong Dicistroviridae ant virus 2-3 (GDAV2-3) in the Dicistroviridae family; Guangdong Iflaviridae ant virus 4-9 (GIAV4-9) in the Iflaviridae family; Guangdong Parvoviridae ant virus 10 (GPAV10) in the Parvoviridae family; and Guangdong ant virus 11-15 (GAV11-15). A total of 15 novel viruses and 2 known viruses were identified in this study. These findings reveal the virome of red imported fire ants in Guangdong Province and present a different result from that of a similar study reported in the United States, providing more choices for potential classical biological control agents against red imported fire ants in China.

Increasing student well-being through a positive psychology intervention: changes in salivary cortisol, depression, psychological well-being, and hope.

The significant prevalence of mental health problems among children and adolescents is a major concern worldwide. The current study evaluates the impact of a year-long, school-based intervention, Flourishing Students, on adolescents' salivary cortisol levels, depressive symptoms, psychological well-being, and hope. Utilizing a cluster randomized design with intervention and control classes, 72 students engaged in 32 well-being lessons during academic year 2016-2017, whereas 68 students followed their standard curriculum. Depressive symptoms and psychological well-being were assessed at three time points, while the stress hormone cortisol and hope were measured at two. The results showed a slight increase in cortisol levels from baseline to post-intervention during school hours in the control group, whereas no change occurred in the intervention group. Additionally, total cortisol levels at post-intervention were slightly lower among intervention-group students compared with control group students. Questionnaire data revealed significant interaction effects on psychological well-being and hope from baseline to post-intervention, and on depression and psychological well-being from baseline to the 5-month follow-up. The intervention group scored lower in depressive symptoms and higher in psychological well-being and hope compared with the control group. These findings underscore the essential role of comprehensive assessment methods in evaluating intervention efficacy in well-being programs.

Analysis of Fractional Resonant Controllers for Voltage-Controlled Applications

This paper investigates the application of fractional proportional–resonant controllers within the voltage control loop of grid-forming inverters. The use of such controllers introduces an additional degree of freedom, enabling greater flexibility in manipulating frequency trajectories. This flexibility can be harnessed to improve tracking error and enhance disturbance rejection, particularly in applications requiring precise voltage regulation. The paper conducts a conceptual stability analysis of ideal fractional proportional–resonant controllers using the Nyquist criterion. A tuning procedure based on robustness criteria for the proposed controller is also addressed. This tuning strategy is used to compare different controllers under the same conditions. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is provided, comparing the performance of fractional proportional–resonant controllers with traditional proportional–resonant controllers equipped with harmonic compensation. The controller’s formulation and performance are validated through simulations and tested with a 20 kVA inverter under high non-linear loads. Compared to classical control approaches, the fractional tuning parameter enhances tracking performance, reduces phase delay, and improves disturbance rejection. These improvements are achieved with a controller designed to minimise computational demands in terms of memory usage and execution time.

THE EFFECT OF USING YOUTUBE VIDEO ON THE STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING PROCEDURE TEXT AT THE SEVENTH GRADE OF SMP SWASTA TELADAN PEMATANGSIANTAR

The purpose of this study is to find out the impact of using YouTube videos on the procedural writing skills of seventh grade students at SMP Swasta Teladan Pematangsiantar. This study focuses on the use of YouTube videos as a tool for students' writing on the topic “Making a Drink.” This study uses quantitative research with a quasi-experimental research design from Creswell. The population of this study consisted of seventh grade students of SMP Swasta Teladan Pematangsiantar, a total of 64 students. The sample of this study was divided into two groups, namely the experimental class (VII-A), consisting of 32 students who used YouTube video as a medium, and the control class (VII-B), consisting of 32 students who used only the teacher's explanation. Data were collected using writing tests for the pre-test and the final test. The researcher found that the mean of the pre-test was 52.6 in the experimental group and 56.2 in the control group. The mean of the final test in the experimental group was 75.8 and 72.1 in the control group. The t-value was determined to be 2.416, while the t-value based on degrees of freedom (df) was 1.670 for a significance level of 0.05. Since the t-value is greater than the t-value (2.416>1.671). Therefore, it can be concluded that YouTube videos have a significant impact on seventh-grade students' ability of SMP Swasta Teladan Pematangsiantar to write procedural texts.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Augmented Reality Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas VIII Mata Pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam di SMPN 3 Kinali

The lack of creativity of educators in the use of media during the learning process is one of the driving factors for the low learning outcomes of grade VIII students in Natural Sciences (IPA) at SMP N 3 Kinali. This study aims to determine the Effect of the Use of Augmented Reality (AR) Media on the Learning Outcomes of Grade VIII Students in Natural Sciences (IPA) at SMP 3 KINALI. The type of research used is a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method consisting of an experimental class (VIII.4) and a control class VIII (3). The sampling technique in this study is purposive sampling. The research design used is the Nonequivalent Control Group. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the use of AR media has a significant positive influence on the improvement of learning outcomes of grade VIII students in science subjects at SMP 3 Kinali. The average learning outcomes of students in the experimental class using AR media were significantly higher than in the control class. This indicates that AR media can be an effective alternative to increase students' motivation to learn and facilitate better understanding of concepts