Contributions Of Psychology Research Articles

Anorexia Nervosa and Gender - a Comprehensive Interdisciplinary Approach; Part 2: Collective and Individual Factors in the Construction of the Disorder

This study was performed to broaden the understanding of Anorexia Nervosa as a paradigmatic condition among eating disorders, considering the principle that individual and collective factors are fundamental in the construction of health and disease phenomena. This study is divided into three parts; in the first part - historical, etiologic, epidemiologic and clinical aspects are discussed; in the second part – this one -, the discussion involves the contributions of Psychology, Anthropology and Sociology, also in an interdisciplinary arrangement; the third part - which concludes the study - presents a theoretical essay on the use of some homeopathic medicines at least theoretically applicable to the treatment of Anorexia Nervosa, considering the Law of Similarity of the Homeopathic Doctrine. A bibliographic review was performed using the PubMed search platform. Although each part of the study has an independent context, the reader will benefit from reading and understanding the three parts. The second part – this one - is presented with emphasis on contributions of some of the main social sciences – Psychology, Anthropology and Sociology – and discusses theoretical concepts expressed by Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Jacques Lacan, Clifford Geertz, Marcel Mauss, among other scientists - always emphasizing the interaction between individual and collective factors as contributors to the genesis of Anorexia Nervosa. It is concluded that interdisciplinary studies are necessary and can broaden understanding over the genesis of human suffering – as occurs in the clinical condition Anorexia Nervosa - thus bringing patients closer to the most effective therapies, in a holistic perspective.

A virtue-based model of leadership education

ABSTRACT This article presents a theoretical justification and a proposal that seeks to educate university students in leadership through virtues and personal competencies. A distinction is offered between virtues and competencies without opposing them. Subsequently, a leadership education model based on virtues and personal competencies is offered. This proposal applies the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of education in virtues considering the contributions of psychology and leadership theory. The leadership model includes eight competencies linked to the cardinal virtues, which are grouped into three domains: understanding reality, relating to others and dedication to the task. Finally, some guidelines for the further development of assessment instruments and for leadership education of university students are offered.

Expected areas of impact of the disciplines medicine, psychology and physiotherapy in pain treatment : A survey among members of the professions

Interdisciplinary multimodal pain treatment (IMPT) is an essential element in the treatment of people with chronic pain. Although IMST is defined in terms of content, it is evident that its practical design is very heterogeneous. This refers not only to the composition of the contents of the treatment but also to the concrete distribution of tasks among the professions involved. This article deals with the attribution of the effect of the activities of the three professional groups involved in IMPT: medicine, psychology and physiotherapy. The aim of this work is to examine how the professions of medicine, psychology and physiotherapy assess the effectiveness of their work and the effectiveness of the other two disciplines in the care of chronic pain patients. Anewly designed questionnaire with 19items was used. Each item describes apossible effect that treatment by the professions of medicine, psychology and physiotherapy can have. Based on factor analysis, items were combined for which the three effect attributions had the same items. The restriction to factor analysis areas was intended to avoid redundancies in the presentation and interpretation of results. The evaluation was carried out by means of avariance analysis for the impact areas with the factors "profession" and "attribution of impact". Atotal of 233participants from the 3 disciplines (medicine, n = 78; psychology, n = 76; physiotherapy, n = 79) answered the questionnaire. The three areas of effect "pain reduction", "strength and movement" and "functional pain coping" could be identified by factor analysis. The impact areas attributed to the different professions are largely reflected in the participants' answers. The variance analysis revealed significant main effects for the two factors "profession" and "attribution of impact" and for their interactions. Professionals in medicine, psychology and physiotherapy have clear expectations of their own and the other professions mentioned here with respect to their effectiveness in certain areas of change. Overall, the three professions agree in their assessment of the contribution of medicine, psychology and physiotherapy to the areas of pain reduction, gain in strength and movement and functional pain coping.

O PAPEL DA PSICOLOGIA NO CUIDADO PALIATIVO: reflexões acerca do luto

Introduction: Palliative care is a philosophy of health care that prioritizes the sick individual and not his pathology, which includes physical, social, psychological, and spiritual factors. Objectives: Analyze the contributions of psychology regarding the coping of grief in palliative care. Method: It is an integrative literature review in the following databases: Virtual Health Library (VHL) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), with the descriptors psychology, palliative care and grief. Results: 13 articles were found that met the inclusion criteria and demonstrated the importance of psychology in the triad of care - the patient, team and family, on issues involving palliative care and terminality, as well as, presenting religiosity and spirituality as resources for coping with grief. Final considerations: The difficulties of patients, health professionals, and family members in the evolution of the terminality of life are evident, which makes the presence of psychology as a facilitating component of this insertion and the importance of developing more research on this theme as an instrument of scientific knowledge for the practice and interventions in education for death, quality of life, and finitude, a theme present in the content on palliative care, is perceived.

A paradigmatic “inoutsider” scholar in African psychology: Tribute to Professor Thomas Leonard (Len) Holdstock

This comment aims to memorialize Professor Thomas Len Holdstock (1934–2022). Professor Holdstock was an eminent foundational scholar in the fledgling field of African psychology. His pioneer contributions in African-centred psychology demonstrate that scholarship and excellence in African psychology is not a preserve of native Africans but rightly belongs to any scholar from any culture who could take up the “inoutsider” identity to study and understand the psychology of Africans from the Africans’ perspective.

"The world looks like this from here": Kopano Ratele's African psychology.

This contribution engages the work of the contemporary South African Psychologist, Kopano Ratele, to illustrate the facets of sociopolitical and psychological dimensions of psychology from the Global South and its relevance for reimagining psychology across the continent and the global world. Ratele's African psychology framework offers us both a contemporary and critical analytic lens to reflect on the psychic life of power from the vantage point of Africa. This article explores two thematic contributions of Ratele's African psychology: (a) culture and tradition and (b) Black interiority. Ratele's African psychology presents a marked departure from much African psychology scholarship in its attention to the psychopolitics of Black life and Black death. Furthermore, by presenting African psychology as orientation, Ratele can engage both ontological and methodological dimensions of Black subjectivity as diverse, complex, and nonessentialist. In putting forward Ratele's scholarship as a key contribution to African and Black psychology, this article thus addresses the current epistemological impasse that seems to exist in psychology in Africa. This article concludes that Ratele's African psychology may provide us with a means of addressing this impasse toward making psychology in Africa relevant. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Effects of a Universal Design for Learning (UDL) Training Course on the Development Teachers’ Competences: A Systematic Review

The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of a Universal Design for Learning (UDL) training course on the competence development of teachers working in inclusive classrooms. This model provides a useful framework to address this issue, establishing evidence-based guidelines for creating learning environments that meet the needs of all learners. The move towards inclusive education requires teachers to reassess their pedagogical practices by considering the contributions of neuroscience and cognitive psychology to support effective teaching in heterogeneous classrooms. Consequently, teacher training should include, in its curricula, practices and evidence that support teachers to develop skills for working in inclusive contexts. The study aimed to answer the main research question, namely, how effective the UDL approach is in developing teachers’ skills. To answer this question, a systematic review was conducted in different databases allowing the extraction and the analysis of 12 studies. Results were organized around the four dimensions linked to the model of the European Profile of Inclusive Teacher (PIT). Outcomes of the review highlighted three main findings: 1. a UDL training course has significant effects on students’ diversity valuing skills; 2. the effectiveness of the course appears to be independent of its duration, delivery mode, and the type of teachers to whom it is addressed; 3. UDL training fosters the implementation of accessible lesson planning and implementation skills. Still uncertain or unexplored, however, are the effects on teachers’ areas of collaboration and reflective practice.

Low resilience is associated with decreased patient-reported outcomes following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair

<h2>Abstract</h2><h3>Background</h3> The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between preoperative resiliency and outcomes following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). The hypothesis was that patients with low preoperative resilience would have poorer postoperative patient reported outcomes compared to patients with high preoperative resilience following ARCR. <h3>Methods</h3> Eighty-one consecutive patients undergoing ARCR over a 1 year period at a single institution were prospectively evaluated. Baseline evaluation included a Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), range of motion, and the following patient-reported outcomes (PROs): visual analog scale pain (VAS), the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12), and the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) tests. PROs and range of motion were reassessed at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively. Patients were divided based on the baseline BRS score into low-resilience (LR), normal-resilience (NR), and high-resilience (HR), and outcome scores were calculated for each group. Additionally, a regression analysis was performed to evaluate predictors of the final ASES score as a continuous variable. <h3>Results</h3> Despite similar baseline characteristics and postoperative range of motion and VAS scores, patients with LR had poorer postoperative ASES scores compared to patients with HR. The postoperative ASES score was 69 in the LR group, compared to 90 in the HR group (p =.031). Satisfaction was 78% in the LR group, compared to 100% in the HR group (p =.086). Based on regression analysis, the final ASES score increased 1.6 points for every 1-point increase in resilience. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Preoperative low resilience is associated with an over 20-point drop in postoperative ASES scores following ARCR. This difference is present despite similar baseline characteristics, suggesting the psychological contribution to postoperative outcomes is substantial.

Individual and institutional discrimination: Theoretical and methodological contributions of social psychology

In France, as in many other countries, research has established the existence of origin-based discrimination. Where does this racial or ethnic discrimination come from, and why does it seem to last despite efforts to eradicate it? This article outlines the main findings on the issue in social psychology, whose contribution is still largely ignored in France. First, I describe the intergroup approach by discussing three major theories of intergroup relations developed in social psychology: realistic conflict theory, social identity theory, and social dominance theory. These theories have spurred much research, mostly about stereotyping and prejudice, but more rarely about discriminatory behavior. The reason for this neglect is that it is difficult to measure discriminatory behavior in a laboratory. In the second section, I present an experimental procedure inspired by social dominance theory, which aimed precisely at measuring discrimination. The first results obtained with this method are promising. The objective, in this case, was to measure individual discriminatory behaviors. However, discrimination and racism are not limited to individual attitudes or behaviors. In the third and final section on institutional discrimination, I show how social dominance theory and research developed in the United States to measure unintended racist bias provide an original and novel approach for understanding the contemporary manifestations of institutional discrimination. The findings of a series of studies conducted in France using different methods appear to be theoretically consistent with those obtained in the United States.

Invisible Disabilities and Inequality

In this address, I consider the realized and potential contributions of sociological social psychology to research on inequality based on invisible disabilities and the challenges that invisible disabilities pose to current social psychological theories. Drawing from the social structure and personality framework, I advance the general notion of invisible disability as a dimension of inequality, consider how four basic social psychological processes (social categorization, identity, status, and stigmatization) have and can help us understand how invisible disabilities shape outcomes over the life course, and suggest new lines of research social psychologists could pursue. I close with brief comments about the benefits of such an agenda for sociological social psychology as well as how these lines of research can inform theories of stratification.

Education for alterity: contributions of analytical psychology

Education for alterity: contributions of analytical psychology

A APRESENTAÇÃO DE CONCEITOS EM UM LIVRO DE DIVULGAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA INFANTIL: O CASO ISAAC NO MUNDO DAS PARTÍCULAS

ABSTRACT: This work aims to analyze the scientific ideas and concepts present in the science communication book aimed at the child’s public “Isaac in the World of Particles”, written by Elika Takimoto. We start from the contributions of historical-cultural psychology on the potential, spontaneous and scientific concepts, seeking to understand the relations and forms of meaning of the scientific ideas presented by the work. Excerpts from the book in which scientific concepts or key ideas were present were selected and analyzed. The unit of analysis was the word. The results indicated that the book mobilizes several meanings and logical-abstract (conceptual) structures to formalize complex elaborations and scientific concepts. The analysis of the concepts: atom, particle and vacuum, indicated strategies for the meaning production, which contemplated: argumentative disputes, contextualization, curiosity, history of science, spontaneous concepts etc.

What's new in Entrepreneurial Personality Assessment?

Entrepreneurship is one of the most important aspects for the growth of any country. On the one hand, because it is a source of innovation, employment, and wealth and, on the other, because of the negative consequences of entrepreneurial failure, economically, socially, and psychologically. The study of entrepreneurship is carried out through different approaches, such as social, economic, biological, and psychological. Although no one doubts the importance of each of them, the psychological approach−specifically, the entrepreneurial personality−has been one of the most productive on this topic in the last decade. conducted a comprehensive review of the study of entrepreneurial personality. The present article, more than five years later, aims to present the main contributions of psychology to the assessment of entrepreneurial personality since then (theoretical models and measurement instruments and their psychometric properties). Future lines of research are discussed.

An Effectiveness of EEG Signal Based on Body Earthing Application

Stress is part of the social lifestyle, intellectual level, and emotional strain. Stress psychology contributions include mental, cognitive, or behavioral sensation. In summative assessments of body earthing, the grounded person is less anxious and more comfortable in everyday activity because the Earth's potential becomes an intermediary to reduce a negative electrode compliment from the body to the Earth's surface when the body is grounded condition. The balanced electrode amounts in the human body could reduce anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders. This investigation analyzes the EEG signal in the frequency domain and time-frequency domain analysis based on body earthing application in ten electrode placements with a range of EEG frequency bands; Theta, Beta, and Alpha. The Power Spectrum Density (PSD) and Short Time Fourier Transformation (STFT), and Continuous Wavelet Transformation (CWT) have been used to determine the power and energy value. The theta frequency band result shows an increasing power and energy value of EEG signal after applying the body earthing application. However, the alpha frequency band influences the left area's EEG signal efficiency while the right parts beta frequency band is affected. The best classification performance is gained from Levenberg-Marquat neural network and Scale Conjugate Gradient technique for grading into stress index classes.

Clinical health psychology in healthcare: Psychology's contributions to the medical team

The specialty of clinical health psychology is focused on the intersection of, and interplay between, physical and behavioral health. Many clinical health psychologists are employed in medical settings and embedded within healthcare teams. While the value of clinical health psychologists in healthcare has been well documented, literature synthesizing the contributions of clinical health psychologists in optimizing outcomes in team-based healthcare is limited. In this article, we provide an overview of the history of the field of clinical health psychology, as well as current established training requirements and competencies, and models of professional practice within the medical setting. We clarify the unique contributions of clinical health psychologists as members of healthcare teams, highlighting areas of expertise in assessment, treatment, consultation, education, and advocacy. Specifically, we describe the ways in which clinical health psychologists partnering with medical providers to address psychological and behavioral factors in health and illness can optimize patient functioning, outcomes, and quality of life; improve healthcare policy; and streamline healthcare costs, above and beyond a traditional medical model. The REDACTED practice in the Department of REDACTED and REDACTED Postdoctoral Fellowship program is presented as an example to illustrate the ways in which clinical health psychologists integrate within healthcare teams and specialty areas to improve patients’ health, functioning, and quality of life. Overall, this paper explicitly outlines the value of the specialty within the healthcare setting.

Award for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology: Klaus Boehnke.

The Award for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology is given to individuals who have made sustained and enduring contributions to international cooperation and the advancement of knowledge in psychology. The 2022 recipient of the APA Award for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology was selected by the 2021 Committee on International Relations in Psychology. The committee is pleased to present the 2022 APA Award for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology to Klaus Boehnke. Dr. Boehnke is a professor of Social Science Methodology at Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany, and deputy head of the Center for Sociocultural Research at the National Research University Higher School of Economics in Moscow, Russian Federation. He has lived and worked at universities in Singapore, Australia, and Canada, in addition to his native Germany. His scholarship has included substantial contributions in political psychology, peace psychology, the psychology of youth, and innovative methodologies and frameworks for cross-national studies. He works with partners and colleagues around the world. Dr. Boehnke has been instrumental in creating and serving in institutions and organizations that promote cooperation across borders. He has served on boards and as advisor to multiple international groups and committees, including as president of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, one of the most internationally diverse psychological associations worldwide. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Literature Review: Studies on Spirituality in Moral Development for Teacher Practice

This research aims to review the literature on spirituality, morals and education. It sought studies that related these three fields, and; proposed a reflection on spirituality in moral development, specifically in the teaching practice. The studies found demonstrate an etymological relationship between the researched fields, as well as correlations with the teacher's practice in the search for integral and humanized education, in the understanding of values and human rights and as a resource to find professional and personal meaning and purpose., and religious education is linked to values such as respect, fraternity, solidarity, well-being, and the moral development of the school community. The importance of the contribution of educational psychology to reflections on spirituality, morals and teaching practice was investigated, in the search for knowledge and meaning-purpose of life, as proposed in Multidimensional Consciousness Therapy (MCT). It is necessary to continue new researches that analyze the topic.

Psychological contributions to advancing global health.

Psychological contributions to advancing global health.

A bibliometric analysis of the psychologization of human resource management

Despite years of discussion, whether and to what extent human resource management (HRM) has been psychologized remains controversial. We consider HRM psychologization as indicated by a disciplinary (i.e., the relative contribution of psychology and other fields to HRM research) and an inter-disciplinary component (i.e., knowledge integration of psychology and other fields in HRM research). Accordingly, we apply two bibliometric methods (i.e., citation and co-citation analysis) to a sample of 6,709 articles published in six HRM journals from 2000 to 2021. Overall, psychology became more influential as a citation source in HRM research but integrated more closely with other intellectual sources in the period examined. In addition, HRM psychologization was contingent on HRM journals, the first authors’ countries, and HRM subdomains. This study presents an enriched pattern of psychologization as well as substantial quantitative evidence that confirms, counters, or extends prior findings.

Shared e-bike riders’ psychology contribution to self-reported traffic accidents: a structural equation model approach with mediation analysis

With the rise of the transportation mode of shared electric bikes (shared e-bikes) in China, shared e-bike related accidents have gradually increased. To facilitate the design of safety policies, it is important to understand the factors that influence shared e-bike riders’ traffic accidents to facilitate intervention strategies. For this purpose, the structural equation model (SEM) with mediation analysis was applied by incorporating seven latent factors: traffic accidents, traffic violation behaviors, attitude toward safety responsibility, and attitude toward rule violations, risk perception, perceptive-motor skills, and safety skills. A questionnaire survey of a sample of 406 shared e-bike riders in China was conducted to obtain self-reported survey data. The results reveal that traffic violation behaviors and attitude toward safety responsibility had a statistically significant consequence on traffic accidents. Attitude toward rule violations, perceptive-motor skills, and safety skills can predict shared e-bike riders’ traffic accidents when the traffic violation behaviors are used as a mediator. Moreover, risk perception could also be used to predict shared e-bike riders’ traffic accidents when using attitudes toward safety responsibility or rule violations and traffic violation behaviors as a mediator. This paper lays a foundation for policymakers and traffic managers to develop effective intervention strategies and improve shared e-bike safety.