Contributions Of Phenomenology Research Articles

Contributions of phenomenology to Brazilian school Physical Education: pathways to the communication field and the curricular area of languages

This paper aims to present and discuss the contributions of phenomenology to Brazilian school Physical Education. It is a theoretical-narrative essay based on work and concepts from Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Elenor Kunz to think of their reverberations in literature and educational policies. We searched in the Brazilian literature for authors who explicitly assume a phenomenological posture in dealing with school Physical Education. The paper points to the German-descent Sich Bewegen theory as the origin of the critical-emancipatory approach. In a second moment, it addresses the contributions of phenomenology to education and, more specifically, to Physical Education as a curriculum component of Brazilian primary education. We notice that the main contribution of phenomenology to Brazilian Physical Education lies in understanding human movement as a dialogue between man and the world. Such an understanding enabled a review of the field’s identity and a re-orientation of school Physical Education in Brazil within curriculum policies, specifically in dialogue with the fields of languages and communication.

Às coisas mesmas: contribuições da epistemologia fenomenológica para os estudos de liderança

Abstract Leadership theories developed since the beginning of the last century primarily represent positivist premises, strongly marked by the separation between subject and object, dichotomization, objectivism, quantification, reproduction, and validation. Based on this, we argue that the field needs epistemological approaches that challenge the mainstream of leadership studies. To this end, phenomenology can ground the possibility of understanding leadership as a world phenomenon. In theoretical terms, phenomenology is a return to the acts through which we gain knowledge of objects, thus the proposal to return to the things themselves. This article analyzes the contributions of phenomenology to leadership studies. In order to interact with such identified gaps in leadership studies, we explore the rescue of the lifeworld in the face of objectivism, the reconciliation between subject and object, the attribution of meanings, the epoché, and the change of positioning.

Phenomenological and Hermeneutic Contributions to the Understanding of the Human Condition

The human condition has been affected in a polarized way since the iluminist project consolidated ruptures between common sense and faith, establishing science and cognitive rationality as guiding parameters of binary conceptions of the subject and of clinical interventions in mental health contexts. Currently, the internet and Information and Communication Technologies increase the holistic distancing of the human condition, by establishing virtual social networks as a means of subject ideals. One lives with the theses of “death of the subject”, the emphasis on the parameter of the image, the difficulty in dealing with difference, refusal to dialogue and affirmation of intolerance. Thus, we consider it essential to resume the debate on the contributions of Husserlian and Heideggerian phenomenology as references for rethinking our human condition and contribute to health professionals rediscovering the world of life as a starting point to build, in the different contexts and institutions of mental health care, clinical practices based on experience and not on representation.

Phenomenology and Health Psychology: a review of Brazilian academic production

This study aimed to investigate the contributions of Phenomenology to Health Psychology based on Brazilian academic production. A search in the SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), PePSIC (Electronic Psychology Journals) and LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature) databases was performed and thirteen papers published between 2000 and 2018 were selected and analyzed. It was found that Phenomenology contributes in many ways while Edmund Husserl's epistemology, as well as an approach that presents a view of the world and human beings by means of a number of phenomenologists, and as a philosophical phenomenological method adapted to Psychology by various authors. As far as Health Psychology is concerned, research brings an understanding of the health-disease-care process both by the analysis of the experiences of users who turn to health services as well as by professional psychologists' practice within a biopsychosocial perspective. A plurality of theoretical conceptions and methodological pathways is observed both when it comes to Phenomenology and Health Psychology, thus further studies on Health Psychology stemming from the contributions of Phenomenology are promising. Palavras-chave : Health Psychology; Phenomenology; Psychologists; Academic production.

Tekoälyn yhteiskehittäminen julkisella sektorilla

Artificial intelligence co-creation in the public sector
 This article assesses the steps of AI co-creation in the public innovation ecosystem. However, in order to understand AI in the right context, two aims need to be fulfilled first. The limits and possibilities of AI in public administration are assessed by examining the contributions of AI research, phenomenology and philosopher Hubert Dreyfus. According to the article, the simpler the rules, the better for AI. Therefore, hierarchical and bureaucratic structures are best for AI application. However, bureaucratic structures are poor in innovating and exploration – AI innovations included. After this, co-creation is introduced as a way of innovating AI in the public sector. For identifying new opportunities for co-production, different forms of cross-sectoral and citizen involvement are needed.

Aportes de la fenomenología y la psicología existencial a la psicopatología

Starting from the research project Contributions of phenomenology and existential psychology to psychopathology, some questions and reflections are presented on the concrete contributions that phenomenology and existential psychology make to the understanding of the problems that psychopathology faces today. For this, the different phenomenological perspectives are explored in order to describe methodological and epistemological considerations in relation to the study of psychopathology at a theoretical level; together with this, theoretical components of existential psychology are addressed with the aim of exposing their position regarding mental illness, in addition to the articulation of said position with phenomenology. Based on the above, this article proposes as a conclusion some of the problems that psychopathology is facing and a synthesis of the importance and relevance of the aforementioned disciplines for the resolution or understanding of these problems.

Fenomenologia e relação terapêutica

Phenomenology has helped researchers to confront the traditional format of psychology investigation, rejecting a theorizing and objectifying interpretation of the psychological phenomena; however, the methodological-empirical debate produces divergences among Brazilian researchers. This article presents an integrative review of the Brazilian Psychology literature about how the therapeutic relationship has been investigated in research based upon phenomenological epistemology approaches. A survey was conducted in virtual databases (BVS, PePsic, SciELO, Portal Capes) to find articles of empirical studies, published in the last 10 years, that had as a focus the analysis of the therapeutic relationship in terms of psychotherapeutic processes, regardless of theoretical approach. Sixteen out of 200 articles were selected for full reading, with only two being phenomenological epistemology approaches. The results and conclusions showed how the epistemological, ontological and methodological debate about research on psychotherapy materializes empirically; pointing out to the scarcity of empirical work on the therapeutic relationship and the contributions of phenomenology for the understanding of the therapeutic relationship in psychotherapeutic processes. The studies suggest a reflection on the ontological scope of intersubjectivity, breaking with a monological view of the psychotherapeutic process and presenting contributions on the possibility of empirical investigation of the therapeutic relationship based phenomenological epistemology approaches.

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF PERIPHERAL CONSTITUTIONS: A NEW THEORETICAL APPROACH AND THE ZIKA VIRUS IN BRAZIL

This essay proposes a new theoretical model directed towards the observation of fundamental rights present in the Constitutions of peripheral States. Parting from a critical revision of classic perspectives oriented by the dogmatic affirmation of fundamental rights and the institutional tradition derived from sociological observation, these rights perform a dual function. They are responsible for the structuring of normative expectations and, at the same time, they construct internal dogmatic limits within the system. Through the contributions of phenomenology and social systems theory, this model suggests autonomous spheres of fundamentality in contrast to the classical unity of fundamental rights. Furthermore, the balancing schemes are substituted for an internal “law of collision.” Conflict resolution undergoes a shift from the traditional method to the system’s reflexive pragmatics, contributing to the legal security and the democratic legitimacy of judicial review. Finally, it verifies how this theory could be applied to the advent of the Zika virus which affected Brazil from 2015 to 2017. As the Zika virus crisis involves different spheres of fundamentality, entailing a range of systems of law and therefore revealing different collision patterns, this essay demonstrates how this new approach could contribute to the control of solutions.

Fenomenologia de Edmund Husserl e Direito: caminhos e obstáculos

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar quais são os obstáculos a serem enfrentados pelo pesquisador do Direito com a utilização do método fenomenológico de Edmund Husserl. Para isso, são expostos três aspectos que permeiam a questão: (i) o papel que a fenomenologia possuiu no declínio do positivismo entre os séculos XIX e XX, demonstrando as questões que o positivismo não conseguiu responder e as respostas apresentadas, como contrapartida, pela fenomenologia; (ii) as contribuições da fenomenologia para o estudo do Direito, principalmente em relação aos problemas do conceito de Direito e os métodos de interpretação da norma; (iii) os obstáculos que surgiram da influência da fenomenologia e as questões deles decorrentes, que precisam ser respondidas visando ao desenvolvimento da ciência jurídica. Como conclusão, foram considerados como principais obstáculos a dificuldade de transparência do método fenomenológico, de verificabilidade dos seus resultados e de adaptação de suas premissas à mutabilidade do Direito como fenômeno social.

Various modes of the foundation for Sociology: Weber, Parsons, and Schutz

***Vários modos de fundamentação para a Sociologia: Weber, Parsons e Schutz***A fundamentação de verstehende Soziologie apresentada pelo próprio Max Weber foi suficiente para que ele pudesse lidar com seus problemas sociológicos concretos. Contudo, pareceu ser insuficiente para Alfred Schutz assim como para Talcott Parsons, a despeito do reconhecimento de ambos em relação às ideias de Weber sobre essa sociologia enquanto tal. Schutz criticou que Weber pouco esclareceu sobre os fundamentos de seus conceitos mais importantes, enquanto Parsons criticou a tendência de Weber “de obscurecer o papel essencialmente não-ficcional do sistema de teoria generalizado”. O que significa a diferença entre eles? Esse artigo tenta dar uma resposta a esta questão comparando Weber e Parsons, Weber e Schutz e Schutz e Parsons, concentrando-se sobretudo nos conceitos de “Verstehen” (compreensão), “ação” e “significado subjetivo”. Com essa análise comparativa espera-se jogar luzes sobre contribuições da fenomenologia para a sociologia.

Putting phenomenology in its place: some limits of a phenomenology of medicine.

Several philosophers have recently argued that phenomenology is well-suited to help understand the concepts of health, disease, and illness. The general claim is that by better analysing how illness appears to or is experienced by ill individuals--incorporating the first-person perspective--some limitations of what is seen as the currently dominant third-person or 'naturalistic' approaches to understand health and disease can be overcome. In this article, after discussing some of the main insights and benefits of the phenomenological approach, I develop three general critiques of it. First, I show that what is often referred to as naturalism tends to be misunderstood and/or misrepresented, resulting in straw-man arguments. Second, the concept of normality is often problematically employed such that some aspects of naturalism are actually presupposed by many phenomenologists of medicine. Third, several of the key phenomenological insights and concepts, e.g. having vs. being a body, the alienation of illness, the epistemic role of the first-person perspective, and the idea of health within illness, each bring with them new problems that limit their utility. While acknowledging the possible contributions of phenomenology, these criticisms point to some severe limitations of bringing phenomenological insights to bear on the problems facing philosophy of medicine that should be addressed if phenomenology is to add anything substantially new to its debates.

O “animal eletrônico”: dilemas do ciberativismo verdeThe ‘electronic animal’: dilemmas of green cyberactivism

Combinando as principais contribuições teóricas do Estruturalismo, Fenomenologia e Teoria Crítica, este artigo parte do pressuposto de que a vulgarização do termo “rede” tem contribuído para um entendimento apologético de fenômenos contemporâneos relacionados ao tema da política e da comunicação, incluindo-se a prática do “ciberativismo”. No intuito de retirar a carga ideológica do conceito, o artigo pincela as mudanças nas relações entre indivíduo e esfera pública desde a Grécia antiga, passando pela industrialização, até deter-se na modernidade contemporânea. A partir desta contextualização teórica e histórica, foi possível analisar criticamente a correspondência, presente no senso comum, entre “ciberespaço” e esfera pública, “ciberativista” e sujeito político, bem como apontar a virtualização da natureza e das questões ambientais, perpetrada pelas campanhas de organizações não governamentais. Assim, é apresentado o conceito de “animal eletrônico” como alegoria de uma “antipolítica”, da ausência da dimensão política que caracteriza os homens, os distingue entre si e do r eino natural.

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The main purpose of this paper is to amplify the current theoretical scenario of "Mental Health and Work" area, according to the Henri Bergson's philosophy and his concepts of perception, cognition, duration, psychic life, time and subjectivity. This theoretical-philosophical article aims to shed new light on the relations between philosophy of mind and present-day efforts toward a scientific theory of cognition, with its complex structure of theories, hypotheses and disciplines. There is in this paper a new approach to understand the contemporary cognitive sciences in a kind of phenomenological investigation initiated by Husserl's phenomenology. The methods employed were the systematic review and adaptation of Bergson's concepts, and its naturalization in the actual context of epistemological and ontological principles of cognitive sciences, to phenomenological analysis of "work-mental health" links. The current contributions of the Husserl's Phenomenology were used to understand the relations between mental health and work. There are also references to philosophy applied in contemporary cognitive sciences based on Bergson's theoretic-philosophical proposal.

Significados, sentidos e função psicológica do trabalho: Discutindo essa tríade conceitual e seus desafios metodológicos

Resumen pt: O objetivo deste artigo e contribuir para uma rediscus - sao da relacao entre significados e sentidos do trabalho. Argumenta-se que estudos voltados para...

Teaching creative music technology in higher education: A phenomenological approach

Abstract In this article I discuss how phenomenology can offer the philosophical foundation and practical insights for teaching creative music technology in higher education. I start discussing some of the challenges faced by lecturers and course designers working with music technology. Then, I summarize a few contributions of phenomenology for education, music studies and music education, followed by a short discussion about the relationship between music and technology in electroacoustic music and music production. To conclude, I discuss how this reflection can offer useful insights and suggestions to lecturers and courses designers working in the field at colleges and universities.

Back to The Phenomena (of Sport) – or Back to The Phenomenologists? Towards a Phenomenology of (Sports) Phenomenology

Is phenomenology a method or a philosophy (of ‘ontological’ character)? This question is discussed here with a recent philosophical collection of articles about the phenomenology of sport at hand. However, one finds very few concrete phenomena in this volume, but much abstract talk about the authoritative philosophers of ontology and existentialism. This gives the ‘phenomenological school’ a somewhat sectarian character, which is not typical in recent contributions of phenomenology. This review essay broadens out from the current volume under consideration towards a history of phenomenology and a differential phenomenology of phenomenology. It is not clear how much value the volume itself, however, has for the understanding of sport as well as for the understanding of phenomenology. Nevertheless, it documents how phenomenological scholastics approach sport, which may serve as a warning at a time when positivist reductionism seems to have also become mainstream in human and social sciences.

De la fenomenología a la hermenéutica (y vuelta). La co-institución de la conciencia del tiempo

The program of this study is to clarify the inheritance of philosophical hermeneutics that H.-G. Gadamer received from the phenomenological theory of time consciousness; inheritance that Gadamer himself acknowledges when he says “a clear line that leads from the passive synthesis concept and theory of intentionality anonymously to the hermeneutical experience [...]” [GW 2, 16]. From the explanation of some general and best-known contributions of phenomenology to Gadamer’s proposal (section I), we will develop the issues of consciousness theory, which constitute a silent contribution to their thinking (section II). Finally, we will outline some possible additions to hermeneutic phenomenological theory developed by Husserl (section III).

TAKING STOCK OF PHENOMENOLOGY FUTURES

abstractIn this paper, I review recent contributions of phenomenology to a variety of disciplines, including the cognitive sciences and psychiatry, and explore (1) controversies about phenomenological methods and naturalization; (2) relations between phenomenology and the enactive and extended mind approaches; and (3) the promise of phenomenology for addressing a number of controversial philosophical issues.

Empathy and Otherness: Humanistic and Phenomenological Approaches to Psychotherapy of Severe Mental Illness

In this commentary, we respond to Atwood’s (2012) article, "Psychotherapy as a Human Science: Clinical Case Studies Exploring the Abyss of Madness," by highlighting some of the theoretical ideals that guide Atwood’s writing and his therapy work. In particular, we consider how these case studies fit into the larger paradigm of humanistic psychology, and how this perspective informed Atwood’s work with his clients, providing him with the understanding and empathy that facilitated the therapeutic healing he describes. We also consider the different, but complementary, idea in phenomenological psychiatry of "radical otherness," which suggests the fundamental impossibility of complete empathy, and how this can be therapeutic, particularly when treating cases of schizophrenia. Finally, we discuss the contributions of phenomenology to the understanding of schizophrenia, and its implications for treatment.

A noção fenomenológica de existência e as práticas psicológicas clínicas

Este artigo apresenta o modo de ser do homem como "existência", tal como elaborado por Heidegger em "Ser e Tempo", como uma das contribuições mais fundamentais da fenomenologia para a psicologia clínica. A noção de "existência", também relacionada às de "ser-aí "(Dasein) e "ser-no-mundo", é compreendida como abertura originária ao ser dos entes, como pré-compreensão do ser enquanto tal, vinculada à condição de "estar-lançada "em uma facticidade temporal. Entende-se que a noção heideggeriana de "existência "demarca uma atitude clínica nitidamente diferenciada e oferece novas possibilidades de tematização dos fenômenos psicológicos e da prática clínica. As práticas psicológicas clínicas de perspectiva fenomenológica existencial, ao tomarem a experiência de si e do outro como "ser-no-mundo-com", apresentam-se como espaços de cuidado/desvelamento dessas possibilidades de "ser-com "e não de um sujeito intrapsíquico.