Economic Contribution Research Articles

THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPORTANCE OF THE BRAZILIAN AERONAUTICAL INDUSTRY

The Brazilian aeronautical industry has emerged as a global leader, combining technological advancements, economic contributions, and strategic development. Rooted in mid-20th-century initiatives with the establishment of key institutions like the Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA) and the Centro Técnico Aeroespacial (CTA), the sector saw a significant leap with the founding of Embraer in 1969. This paper explores the historical context, the role of educational institutions, technological progress, and economic impacts. We analyze how innovation, partnerships, and sustainability challenges have shaped the industry's modern success and global competitiveness. Through a qualitative methodology, this study integrates historical analysis, economic assessment, and technological evaluations, drawing on academic articles, industry reports, and government data.

Interspecific Hybridization between Gossypium hirsutum (American Cotton) and Gossypium barbadense (Egyptian Cotton) for Quality Improvement

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is a globally important cash crop, valued for its fiber and economic contributions to the textile industry. This study investigated the variability, heritability, and genetic advance of yield-related traits in interspecific hybrids of American (G. hirsutum) and Egyptian (G. barbadense) cotton. Using a randomized complete block design, 28 hybrids were evaluated for traits such as seed cotton yield, plant height, bolls per plant, and boll weight. Significant genetic variability was observed among hybrids, with high heritability estimates for seed cotton yield (96.84%), plant height (93.51%), and bolls per plant (76.44%), coupled with moderate genetic advance, suggesting additive gene action. Regression analysis revealed that the number of bolls emasculated and pollinated significantly influenced total seed production, with coefficients of determination (R²) of 0.5924 and 0.5102, respectively. The hybrid JA-08/A × JA-12/203 demonstrated superior crossability (100%) and seed production, making it a promising candidate for breeding programs. These findings emphasize the potential for exploiting genetic variability and hybrid vigor to develop high-yielding and high-quality cotton varieties.

THE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF MANAGEMENT (IMPLEMENTATION OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE MINING INDUSTRY)

In Indonesia, mining companies have integrated Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as an essential part of their operations. The implemented CSR programs focus on improving the social, economic, and environmental conditions around mining locations. Many mining companies allocate resources to create jobs, provide skills training, develop infrastructure and healthcare services, as well as improve access to education for local communities. Regulations regarding CSR specifically for the mining sector are governed by Law Number 4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining, particularly Article 108 paragraph (1), which emphasizes the social responsibility of companies in the management of natural resources. This research aims to investigate mining companies in implementing CSR. The study method uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). SLR is a structured and comprehensive method for assessing, identifying, and synthesizing results from existing literature in a research field. The study results indicate that CSR implementation at PT. ANTAM Tbk. demonstrates a comprehensive approach with a focus on economic contributions, environmental protection, and social development. CSR programs such as the Partnership Program, Community Development, and Environmental Development improve the quality of life for the community, support the local economy, and maintain environmental sustainability, creating harmonious relationships with the community.

An Assessment of Non-Timber Forest Products in Siddhababa Community Forest, Gulmi, Nepal

NTFPs (Non-Timber Forest Products) include all biological materials, excluding timber, derived from forests, pasturelands, other man-made and wild habitats which have socio-cultural, economic and other livelihood significance. The list of the NTFPs species found in SCF (Siddhababa Community Forest) was documented, the status of the NTFPs in the area was observed and the economic contribution of NTFP in the livelihood of community forest user group was studied. The systematic random sampling method was used for vegetation sampling. A total of 113 vascular plant species were documented from the study area among which 85 species were identified as potentially useful species (NTFPs). According to life form categories, among total NTFP species, 36 species (42.35 %) belong to herbs and grasses, followed by 33 species (38.82 %) tree and 16 species (18.82 %) shrub. Local people cultivated Amleeso (Thysanolaena maxima), Bans (Dendrocalamus hamiltonii), Tejpat (Cinnamomum tamala) and Timur (Zanthoxylum armatum). The status of the NTFPs suggest that western tropical regions of Nepal is suitable for large-scale production of the NTFPs in a commercial way benefiting local people and the economic development of the country.

The Natural Cooperatives in The Muslim World

This study investigates the structure and socioeconomic roles of traditional entrepreneurial communities in the Muslim world by comparing them with modern cooperative models. Unlike Western cooperatives, which emerged to counter market-induced social disintegration, Muslim communities have sustained themselves through kinship networks, shared values, and voluntary socioeconomic justice. These communities exhibit key characteristics aligned with cooperative aims, including family-business integration, mutual financial support, job creation, and community well-being. However, contemporary research on these communities is limited and often outdated, in contrast to extensive studies on ethnic entrepreneurship in non-Muslim contexts. This study advocates for more exploratory research to understand how Muslim entrepreneurial communities maintain social integration, distributive justice, and Islamic values in their socioeconomic frameworks. It proposes research questions on community organization, economic contributions, welfare mechanisms, and modernization impacts, offering a roadmap for future research to inform policies and community development. By examining the resilience and adaptability of these communities, this study aims to enhance the understanding of Islamic socioeconomic models and their contemporary relevance. These findings highlight the distinctive features of these communities as naturally occurring cooperatives, reflecting their unique cultural, religious, and social contexts. This research advances theoretical discussions in Islamic economics, economic sociology, and cooperative studies, while offering insights into fostering economic inclusivity and social cohesion in diverse settings.

An Overview of the Advantages of Combining Photo- and Electrooxidation Processes in Actual Wastewater Treatment

The elimination of pollutants in real water and wastewater is a challenge for the successful application of electrooxidation processes (EOPs). The presence of inorganic salts in the reaction medium is of great relevance during EOPs, with active participation in the electrochemical reactions. A revision of the reported devices used in the decontamination and disinfection of real wastewater demonstrated the main drawbacks of efficiently removing pollutants. However, the combination of photocatalytic processes with electrochemical technologies has been explored to improve overall efficiency and reduce energy consumption. A wide variety of materials, mainly metals, polymers, carbon and graphite derivatives, oxides, and MOFs, as well as their combinations, have been applied to electrodes and photoactive coatings. The deposition of the active layer has been enriched with novel designs, including porous hierarchical growth and 3D printing. The use of powerful characterization techniques allows for the study of the composition, structure, surface, and photo- and electrochemical performance of the fabricated electrodes. The simultaneous optimization of the operating conditions, parameters, and reactors must be specifically defined according to each water matrix. This approach will increase the efficiency of the whole process and contribute to cost savings. Economic contributions have been revised to calculate the cost of wastewater treatment.

A study on family farm-enterprise of producers in rural communities of the Gambia

The agricultural systems of the Gambia entirely depend on rain-fed agriculture, and it propels economic growth. Agriculture's contribution to the Gambia's GDP is 22%. The Gambia's economy heavily depends on agriculture and provides 30–40% of the country's foreign exchange earnings. Family farm enterprise is a lucrative business, but limited research work has been done to determine its economic contributions in improving the livelihoods of producers. The problem statement of the research work is to identify knowledge gap, finance, and markets of family farm producers to enhance production capacity, yield and income. The objective identifies the contribution of family enterprise to the economy, and to address the challenges that affects profitability. The study applied a purposive sampling technique for qualitative and quantitative approaches. The methodology of data collection was focus group discussion, key informants’ interviews and review of secondary data from other research work. A total of (5) focus group discussions, (90) interviews and (10) key informants was conducted in 3 agricultural regions. The results showed female participates immensely in family farm production than male of 443 and 25 respectively. The result showed positive contribution in socio-economic development were North Bank Region scored D2, 709,225 while lowest income earned was Central River Region amounting to D279,700.00 respectively. In conclusion, family farm enterprises can boost local economy of rural communities enhancing livelihoods. Thus, recommend government to create easy access to finance, market and training on business management skills for the family members engaged in agriculture as a business entity.

The Dynamic Effects of Tourists and Tourism on Carbon Emissions in Indonesia

This study examines the short-and long-run effects of expenditure, tourists, the tourism sector, and AVTUR on the carbon emissions in Indonesia. The quarterly data are used to estimate the autoregressive distributed lag model in the study. The results show that in the short-run expenditure, tourists and AVTUR have positive and significant effects, while the tourism sector has adverse and significant effects on carbon emissions. Furthermore, in the long run, only AVTUR has positive and significant effects on carbon emissions, and other variables have adverse and significant effects. Policymakers should encourage friendly tourism to protect environmental quality and achieve optimal economic contributions.

Comparative Analysis of the Construction Industry in the EU and the Arab States of the Persian Gulf (GCC): Its Impact on Economic Growth

The construction industry plays a pivotal role in propelling global economic growth. This research examines the economic contributions of the construction sectors in the European Union (EU) and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. The EU's approach is characterised by a focus on sustainability-driven policies, including energy efficiency and circular economy practices. This is intended to foster economic resilience and alignment with international commitments such as the Paris Agreement. In contrast, the construction sector in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is driven by large-scale infrastructure projects and urbanisation, which are in turn fuelled by oil revenues. This emphasises the importance of diversification as a means of reducing economic volatility. By analysing regulatory frameworks, investment trends and technological innovations, the study demonstrates how the construction industry contributes to GDP growth, job creation and industrial development in both regions. Moreover, it investigates potential avenues for interregional collaboration, underscoring the capacity of sustainable construction practices and innovation to bolster economic stability and competitiveness within the global construction landscape. The study also highlights how circular economy principles can redefine sustainable construction practices, enhancing resource efficiency and promoting resilience.

What Can Economics Contribute to the Study of Terrorism? – The Power and Limitation of Economics

ABSTRACT We assess the potential of economics to contribute to the understanding of terrorism. We argue that the economic approach portraying terrorists and law enforcement agents as rational actors yoked to other disciplines is a source of precise falsifiable causal hypotheses. Theoretical economics rooted in rational choice provides precisely falsifiable hypotheses. This falsifiability makes it easier to focus on identifying causal relationships, which is essential for sound policy advice. Economists have developed a multitude of rigorous tools for causal inference ranging from instrumental variables to machine learning, which are essential in typical situations of terrorism that are beset by endogeneity problems. However, neighboring disciplines are needed to provide a rich contextual analysis that allows the assessment of the external validity of the results rigorously derived by economic analyses. Ultimately, rigorous mathematical analysis is valid only if it can capture reality wholly and simply.

Genetic Diversity and Evaluation of Agro-Morphological Traits in Lettuce Core Collection.

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is a globally significant leafy vegetable, valued for both its economic and nutritional contributions. The efficient conservation and use of the lettuce germplasm are crucial for breeding and genetic improvement. This study examined the genetic diversity and population structure of a core collection of the lettuce germplasm using genotyping by sequencing (GBS). A total of 7136 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified across nine chromosomes. Population analysis through Bayesian clustering and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) revealed three distinct genetic clusters. Cluster 2 exhibited the greatest genetic diversity (He = 0.29, I = 0.44), while Cluster 3 had high levels of inbreeding (F = 0.79). Agro-morphological trait evaluation further identified significant differences in leaf length, plant weight, and head height across clusters. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic and phenotypic diversity of lettuce, facilitating the development of more robust breeding programs. Additionally, the core collection established in this study offers a representative subset of the lettuce germplasm for future genomic research and conservation efforts.

The The Role of Islamic Economics in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS): A Bibliometric Perspective

Purpose: This study aims to explore the contribution of Islamic economics in supporting the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDGs 1 (no poverty), SDGs 4 (quality education), SDGs 10 (reducing inequality). Design/Method/Approach: Using bibliometric analysis methods, this study processes data from scientific publications between 2000 and 2023, obtained through Publish or Perish software and analyzed using VOSviewer. Findings: Key findings show that Islamic economics contributes significantly to supporting the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in the aspects of poverty reduction, quality education, inequality reduction, and climate change mitigation. Islamic financial instruments such as zakat, cash waqf, and green sukuk, with examples of implementation such as Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk (CWLS) in Indonesia and green sukuk in Malaysia, have been effective in supporting economic, social, and environmental sustainability. Originality/Value: The implications of this study include strategic recommendations for policy makers and Islamic financial institutions in integrating Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles with Islamic instruments. This integration can strengthen the contribution of Islamic economics to inclusive and sustainable global development

The Role of Female Farm Workers in the Economic Resilience of Families in Koto Balingka District, West Pasaman District

Purpose:This research aims to explore the contribution of female agricultural workers in strengthening family economic resilience from a sharia economic perspective.Design/Method/Approach:This research is field research with a qualitative descriptive approach. The informants in this research were 10 female farm workers in Koto Balingka District. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews and documentation and data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions.Findings: The research results highlight the significant role of female agricultural workers in three main aspects of agricultural activities, namely planting, weeding and harvesting.Among the three forms of agricultural labor, women tend to dominate the role in weeding and harvesting in the agricultural sector. Not only are there differences in the division of labor, but in terms of wages there are also differences where women's wages are IDR 80,000 per day, while men's wages are IDR 100,000.Factors that encourage women to work as agricultural laborers include difficult economic conditions, low levels of education, and limited employment opportunities. Their participation has a very important impact on the economic security of the family, because their contribution helps improve the economic stability of the household. However, we need to recognize that there are negative impacts, such as changes in traditional roles within the family. The role of female agricultural workers in increasing family economic resilience can also be understood from a sharia economic perspective. By paying attention to indicators of family economic resilience, their role can be considered to have made a significant contributionOriginality/Values: this research analyzes the economic contribution of female agricultural workers to the family's income and economic resilience from a sharia economic perspective. This research aims to evaluate the role of gender in agricultural activities and assess the economic welfare of the families of female agricultural workers within the framework of sharia economics.

Spatio-Temporal Variation and Drivers of Land-Use Net Carbon Emissions in Chengyu Urban Agglomeration, China

Land-use change is an important cause of carbon emissions (CEs). In the context of achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, understanding the coupling mechanisms between land-use change and CEs is of great significance for fostering regional low-carbon sustainable development. In this study, the land-use net carbon emissions (LCN) calculation and evaluation model was built based on the perspective of land-use change. The land-use variation matrix, standard deviation ellipse, and spatial autocorrelation analysis were used to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of land-use and the LCN in the Chengyu urban agglomeration (CUA) from 2000 to 2020. Meanwhile, the economic contribution coefficient and ecological support coefficient were applied to evaluate the alignment among the CEs, socio-economic development, and the ecological environment. In addition, the modified Kaya and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) models were used to quantitatively analyze the drivers and underlying influence mechanisms of the LCN. The results showed the following: (1) The area of built-up land and forest land expanded rapidly, mainly transforming grassland and farmland to built-up land and forest land in the CUA during the study period. The built-up land was the main source of the regional CEs. The land-use changes led to the migration of the LCN center and the variations in spatial clustering. (2) The growth rate of the LCN decreased after 2010, and the disparities in carbon productivity and the carbon compensation rate among the cities gradually narrowed from 2000 to 2020. The alignment among the regional CEs, socio-economic development, and ecological environmental governance was effectively improved. (3) The economic development level and energy consumption intensity were the primary facilitator and inhibitor of the LCN, respectively. The results could offer valuable references and insights for formulating regional carbon reduction strategies and policies.

Tourism for Economic Prosperity in Gandaki Province of Nepal

Tourism is a multidimensional mega industry interconnected with hospitality services and facilities. It generates assorted business connectivity with transportation, accommodation, food and beverage, entertainment, nature, culture and adventure business and facilities. Obviously, tourism has some significant implications over the local economy at community as well as destination level. However, the variance of tourism impacts on various districts and provinces of Nepal mainly depends on the availability and abundance of tourism products, activities and the level of hospitality practices of the destinations. This study, therefore, is an attempt to analyze the potentiality of tourism as an opportunity for economic prosperity in Gandaki Province of Nepal based on the economic contributions of major tourism components of the province. The trend of visitors’ flow, people’s involvement in tourism as entrepreneurs, volume of revenue generation and the number of employment creation are major variants of analysis for this paper. The paper is based on qual-quan method of analysis with partial use of secondary date published from tourism related authorities and organizations whereas a focus group discussion of the leaders of tourism entrepreneurs’ associations and the representations of concerned authorities is the major source of primary information. The study has come up with the finding that there is a huge potentiality of tourism development and an ample opportunity for economic prosperity via tourism in Gandaki province and hence suggested to incorporate tourism in the plans and policies of the province as a crux of development mainly through the involvement of local community, enhancement of village tourism and promotion of adventure tourism activities and products in the province.

Exploring entrepreneurial skills of DR Congolese refugee women through economic growth in Durban, South Africa

Refugee women entrepreneurship has been played a crucial role in economic development and poverty alleviation in both sending and receiving countries. Although their contribution to socioeconomic development in South Africa, they face various challenges including proper identity documents from the Department of Home Affairs, financial resources, and services to enter the labor market in SA. The purpose of this study is to explore the entrepreneurial skills of DR Congolese refugee women in Durban. This study used qualitative research methodology including both explanatory and descriptive theories during data collection. The study used in-depth interviews and questionnaires where ten Congolese refugee women informal traders between the age of 24 and 41 years were selected through snowball techniques from Congolese community in Durban. The results revealed that entrepreneurial activity has been considered as an approach of empowering refugee women and poverty alleviation in their receiving countries. The findings show that refugees are the most unlikely entrepreneurs as they lacked the resources to launch a new enterprise with no history of credit and lack of assets or security to bank loan. The study revealed the needs of UNHCR, NGOs and government’s support in terms of sponsoring refugees’ projects, especially business training and appropriate identity documents from the department of Home Affairs. The economic contributions of female refugee entrepreneurs from the Congo in South Africa could be substantial if supported by gender-responsive policies and the provision of formal identification documents, along with access to business training opportunities. This would enhance their well-being and contribute to the economic growth of Durban.

Consumer Credit: a Historical Review of the Impact on the Ecuadorian Economy, Period 2005 – 2024

Objective: Analyze consumer credit and its impact on the Ecuadorian economy, period 2005 – 2024. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework of the Keynesian school was used, in which the role of financial institutions is crucial for driving economic growth through the financing of consumption. Method: Quantitative research with a depth of descriptive analysis; 78 quarterly data points were used for Pearson's tests and for the simple time series regression model. Results and Discussion: The trend of consumer credit was positive during the research period; however, its economic contribution fluctuated according to the economic context or cycle. It was significant during times of boom, when it accounted for approximately 4.38% of PIB between 2011 and 2014. In contrast, during the 2005–2024 period, the results showed that it had a moderate impact on PIB, but it was not significant for economic growth, as the Ecuadorian economy operates in an imperfect competition market. Originality/Value: This study allows for the verification of the theoretical assumptions in the Ecuadorian case; additionally, it provides relevant conclusions that explain the model and characteristics of the market.

Artisan development in the AEC industry: strategies for attracting, transitioning and retaining workers

This paper investigates the prospects for artisan development in South Africa's Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. Despite the vital economic contributions of this industry, attracting new entrants, aiding their transition into the workforce, and retaining skilled artisans remain significant challenges. The research focuses on strategies for addressing these issues, specifically within the context of South Africa's Institute for National Development of Learnerships, Employment Skills, and Labour Assessments (INDLELA). A critical literature review and qualitative interviews with key stakeholders revealed insights into existing policy implementation, the quality and relevance of training programs, and the recognition of artisans' prior learning. The research findings underscore the urgent need for robust and inclusive skills development strategies, recognizing prior learning as a key intervention and improved advocacy for artisan professions. Establishing clear targets, enhancing digitization processes, and strengthening institutional roles are vital steps towards addressing artisans' skill shortages in South Africa's AEC industry.

Analisis Sentimen Twitter Terhadap Pemindahan Ibu Kota Negara Menggunakan Support Vector Machine

The Indonesian government announced plans to move the capital from Jakarta to East Kalimantan due to the high population burden and economic contribution on the island of Java. Statistical data shows that the island of Java has a large population, reaching 151.59 million people or around 56.10% of the total population of Indonesia, and will provide a large participation in national GDP in 2021. Moving the capital city is seen as a step. . for the sake of equal distribution of population and economy throughout Indonesia. Rapid urbanization on the island of Java, especially in the buffer areas of the capital city of Jakarta, is one of the main reasons behind this decision. This research uses data from the social media platform Twitter to analyze sentiment using 2 categories, namely positive and negative sentiment regarding the relocation of the National Capital, analyzed using the Support Vector Machine method. In this study, the SVM kernel type was used, namely a linear kernel with an accuracy of 92.70%, then improved with Stratified k-Fold Cross Validation, getting 100% accuracy in iterations 1 and 5. The classification results using the Support Vector Machine method are statedthat the linear kernel has better accuracy. This sentiment analysis provides insight into the public's views on the proposed measure. This research can be used as material for consideration of future government policy regarding relocating the capital city.

Quantifying the socio-economic benefits of music festivals: The case study of Phalaphala FM Royal Heritage festival

Understanding the socio-economic benefits of annual community festivals is vital for stakeholders like event planners and sponsors. This study, focused on Phalaphala FM Royal Heritage Festival, assumes festivals generate income for host communities and attract tourists. Using a dual approach (demand and supply perspectives), the study empirically evaluates these benefits, highlighting their impact on local economies and tourism. The aim is to assess and quantify the socio-economic advantages of music festivals for the host community. The research followed the quantitative method for both the demand and supply sides. The demand side collected data from sampled festival attendees; this was done face-to-face, while the supply collection of data from the SMMEs was done face-to-face and telephonically. The data was mainly analysed through descriptive analysis. The main findings revealed that retaining the earnings from the festival gains can be achieved by buying raw materials locally. Both the demand and supply sides depicted in the study show that the economic contribution of the festival involves the entire process of sourcing local produce from raw materials to finished products that may need to be done locally. However, the study established that buying locally might not be easy because some of the goods required are unavailable locally in the area. The festival greatly benefits both host communities and local businesses. The study recommends that there should be collaboration among local businesses to create packages (e.g., discounts for festivalgoers on food, accommodation, and transportation) to stimulate the local economy and to produce other raw materials locally.