Contribution To GDP Research Articles

Revitalization of the Nepalese Agriculture Sector for Economic Prosperity: Gap Analysis between Agricultural GDP and Investment Trends

This study explores the paradox of the decreasing contribution of agriculture to GDP despite rising investments in the sector, conducting a gap analysis between agricultural GDP and investment trends. The anticipated outcome of increased agricultural investment is enhanced productivity and a corresponding rise in GDP share. However, this study identifies a significant mismatch between investment trends and agricultural output, revealing discrepancies that require attention. By analyzing relevant data, the research highlights the troubling trend of diminishing agricultural GDP contribution alongside increasing imports, emphasizing the urgent need for sectoral revitalization to foster economic prosperity. The paper argues that the current economic environment presents substantial challenges to agricultural revitalization and stresses the necessity of improved coordination and cooperation among stakeholders.

Advancing Regional–Scale Spatio–Temporal Dynamics of FFCO2 Emissions in Great Bay Area

Estimating city–scale emissions using gridded inventories lacks direct, precise measurements, resulting in significant uncertainty. A Kalman filter integrates diverse, uncertain information sources to deliver a reliable, accurate estimate of the true system state. By leveraging multiple gridded inventories and a Kalman filter fusion method, we developed an optimal city–scale (3 km) FFCO2 emission product that incorporates quantified uncertainties and connects global–regional–city scales. Our findings reveal the following: (1) Kalman fusion post–reconstruction reduces estimate uncertainties for 2000–2014 and 2015–2021 to ±9.77% and ±11.39%, respectively, outperforming other inventories and improving accuracy to 73% compared to ODIAC and EDGAR (57%, 65%). (2) Long–term trends in the Greater Bay Area (GBA) show an upward trajectory, with a 2.8% rise during the global financial crisis and a −0.19% decline during the COVID-19 pandemic. Spatial analysis uncovers a “core–subcore–periphery” emission pattern. (3) The core city GZ consistently contributes the largest emissions, followed by DG as the second–largest emitter, and HK as the seventh–highest emitter. Factors influencing the center–shift of the pattern include the urban form of cities, population migration, GDP contribution, but not electricity consumption. The reconstructed method and product offer a reliable solution for the lack of directly observed emissions, enhancing decision–making accuracy for policymakers.

Influence of working capital efficiency on firm’s composite financial performance: evidence from India

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of working capital efficiency (WCE) and its components on the composite financial performance of a sample of Indian firms.Design/methodology/approachOur sample includes 796 non-financial listed firms from 2015–16 to 2021–22. Sample firms’ profitability, liquidity, solvency, cash flow management, and financial and operational leverage have been used to classify them into companies with high composite financial performance (HCFP) and with low composite financial performance (LCFP) by using K-Means Clustering technique. A composite financial performance score (CFPS) of 1 has been assigned to HCFP and 0 to LCFP. We have used logistic regression models with fixed effect to estimate the effect of cash conversion cycle (CCC) and its components, i.e. inventory days, accounts receivable days and accounts payable days on CFPS in the presence of control variables such as growth, leverage, firm size, and age.FindingsThe study finds that CCC and inventory days are inversely associated with CFPS. This finding shows that the firms’ WCE leads to superior financial performance on a composite basis.Research limitations/implicationsThe research findings are based on samples drawn from the population of the listed Indian non-financial companies. Since the operation, financial practices, working capital policies, and management styles of firms vary greatly among nations, the results of this study should be extended to firms in other countries after taking into account the degree of resemblance to the sample firms.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study hold significant value for industry practitioners, as they provide guidance in determining the optimal allocation of funds for working capital and devising strategies for effectively managing inventory levels, credit sales, and vendor payments in order to increase the overall value of the company. This study aims to help investors in building their investment portfolios by identifying companies with superior composite financial performance. Investors can enhance the construction of their investment portfolios by strategically selecting companies that demonstrate superior overall performance.Social implicationsThe results of our study will help companies improve their WCM strategies to enhance their overall value, and their significance increases manifold during economic downturns. Business firms that perform well by efficiently managing their working capital have a multiplier effect on the economy and society at large in the form of GDP contribution, labor income, taxes to the government, investment in capital assets, and payments to suppliers.Originality/valueTo understand the impact of WCE on firms’ performance, the extant working capital literature focuses on some specific characteristics such as profitability, valuation, solvency, and liquidity. The limitation of employing a single parameter is its inability to present the comprehensive performance evaluation of firms. This study is among the earliest studies that focus on the holistic evaluation of WCE's impact on the composite performance of a company.

Economic structural transformation: The Vietnamese case for developing nations in a globalization context

Vietnam’s economic evolution presents a compelling case of transformative growth driven by its distinctive historical, cultural, and policy landscapes. Since the watershed Đổi Mới reforms of 1986, the country has navigated the complexities of market liberalization, socialist principles, and international integration, achieving remarkable development while preserving its economic sovereignty. Through a mixed-methods approach, this study delves into the impacts of Đổi Mới, assessing the successes and ongoing challenges in Vietnam’s economic restructuring. Results indicate a remarkable shift in GDP contribution from agriculture to industry and services, with a burgeoning private sector and enhanced international trade and investment. However, challenges in achieving equitable growth, inclusive development, and environmental sustainability remain salient amid global economic shifts. Vietnam’s experience underscores the critical need for targeted reforms in workforce development, economic diversity, infrastructural enhancement, environmental stewardship, and regulatory and financial governance. Vietnam’s proactive stance on economic autonomy and global participation highlights the importance of a nuanced approach in navigating the changing international landscape. In summary, Vietnam’s journey through economic structural reform provides a unique perspective on navigating development within a socialist-oriented market framework, serving as a distinctive exemplar for similar emerging economies contending with the vibrant currents of globalization.

The University Sector is Converging on Manufacturing in UK

Many UK inhabitants now adopt careers working in both university and manufacturing sectors. In a typical engineering career, a young student may now start at university, spend time in factories, often in research and development, and then return to university in later life to teach evolving innovation principles of industry. It is clear to such people that universities are expanding rapidly whereas manufacturing has declined and reached an equilibrium of output but with lower job numbers due to robotics. Manufacturing in 2022 was approximately 8% of British GDP whereas the university sector was only about 2%. This paper analyses the growing connections and co-locations with numerous universities/manufacturing companies, predicting that convergence in both jobs and GDP contribution will occur around 2050.

Phát triển ngành công nghiệp Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh: Thực trạng và những vấn đề đặt ra

This study aims to evaluate the current state of industrial development in Ho Chi Minh City and analyze the problems posed during that development process. The research paper uses descriptive statistics method, analytial methods, evaluation and synthesis methods and use secondary data sources which was collected from Ho Chi Minh City Statistical Yearbook for the period 2010-2022. The results of the study show that since 2010 until now, the city’s industry has increased in the size of GDP contribution, the city’s industry has experienced remarkable recovery and development since the covid-19 pandemic; the industry has had a shift in the production of high-value-added products and is geared towards exports, brings revenue to the state budget, and contributes to creating jobs, increasing income and stabilizing life for workers. Besides the achieved results, in the development process, the city’s industry currently tend to reduce its share of the city’s GDP and is facing a number of limitations and difficulties. On that basis, the article proposes some recommendations to contribute to the development of Ho Chi Minh City’s industry in the near future.

Analisis Perkembangan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah di Indonesia

This research aims to determine the effect of growth in the number of UKM, growth in UKM Labor Force and growth in UKM Export Value on the growth of UKM GDP contribution in Indonesia and the magnitude of the influence. The research methodology used is a qualitative descriptive and quantitative descriptive approach. The results of the research are that there is an influence of the growth in the number of UKM, the growth of the UKM workforce and the growth of the value of UKM exports on the growth of the GDP contribution of UKM in Indonesia. 81.1%.

Hordes of Struggling African Youths will Continue to Migrate En Masse to Developed Countries: The Political Economy of “Japa” from Nigeria to the United Kingdom (2015-2023)

This study explores the mass emigration from Nigeria to the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as ‘Japa,’ and its implications for Nigeria’s political economy. The research employs a documentary method, analysing secondary data sources through qualitative content analysis. The study is grounded in the push-pull theory, which posits that adverse conditions in Nigeria act as ‘push’ factors, driving individuals to seek better opportunities abroad, the ‘pull’ factors. The findings reveal that unemployment, and uncertainty about Nigeria’s economic and political future are significant push factors fueling the mass exodus of Nigerians to the UK. The brain drain associated with this phenomenon has profoundly impacted Nigeria’s political economy, resulting in the depletion of skilled labour, loss of human capital, reduced productivity, and stagnated innovation. Furthermore, the study highlights the economic implications, including diminished GDP contributions, diversion of funds for medical tourism, and loss of educational investments. The research recommends economic diversification, job creation, enhanced governance, political stability, investment in education and infrastructure, incentives for skilled professionals, diaspora engagement, and international cooperation to mitigate the challenges of mass migration and brain drain. These strategies aim to address the root causes of emigration and facilitate brain gain.

The Mediating Role of Segmentation in Social Media Marketing and Brand Equity: A Study in Food and Beverage Industry

Food and beverage industry in Malaysia provides a significant GDP contribution. However, majority of firms are SMEs that face financial access as their main problem. Social media marketing is a novel trend in business nowadays due to technology intensification. This article investigates the link between social media marketing and brand equity whereby segmentation is the mediator variable in the SME food and beverage industry. By using questionnaires distributed systematically to consumers at shopping malls, about 329 usable responses were obtained. The results indicated no direct relationship between social media marketing and brand equity. A positive and significant relationship exists, however, between social media marketing and segmentation, segmentation and brand equity which indicates that segmentation is a partial mediator. The findings imply that SMEs especially in the food and beverage industry should carefully segment their market and at the same time, increase social media usage in marketing their products. This study is the first attempt to examine segmentation as mediating variable in the food and beverage industry.

Carbon emission inequality and fairness from energy consumption by prefecture-level cities in China

This paper focuses on the conceptualization and quantification of carbon emission inequality and fairness from energy consumption. In order to more accurately measure the carbon emissions generated by electricity consumption in each city, we firstly propose a new method for calculating the carbon emission factor for electricity, and calculates the carbon emissions from energy consumption in 282 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2019. Through the application of the Theil-Kaya decomposition mechanism and the improved Atkinson index, we conducted an in-depth study of the carbon emission inequality and fairness indicators from energy consumption. The results show that (1) Although China's overall inequality has declined, it remains significant in the western region, with its inequality indicator fluctuating from 0.548 in 2003 to 0.683 in 2019.(2) The decomposition of the drivers of inequality indicators shows that the contribution of GDP per capita to inequality is increasingly being replaced by energy intensity and the energy carbon emission factor, with energy intensity emerging as the main driver, contributing more than 40% to inequality in 2019, both overall and in the three regions.(3) The results for the fairness indicator, on the other hand, show a certain degree of divergence. Further Dynamic Time Warping fitting analysis shows that regardless of how the public's sensitivity to carbon emissions varies, the change trends of the fairness and inequality indicators for carbon emissions in the eastern region show a high degree of convergence, even in the two most extreme cases. The fit is poorest in the western region, but improves significantly if public's sensitivity to carbon emissions increases. (4)To sum up, some policies that are consistent with the context of the times, such as the East-West regional counterparts and the construction of a new type of power system, are worthy of priority consideration by the Government.

Environmental Influences on Rabi Crops using GIS and Remote Sensing: A Case Study of Mianwali District

Current study aims at to analyze the environmental influence on Rabi crops and to analyze the rainfall pattern with the vegetation pattern. Despite a declining GDP contribution, agriculture remains a fundamental pillar of Pakistan's economy, supporting livelihoods, nutrition, and export earnings. Focused on Mianwali District, the research integrates data from Landsat satellites, MODIS LST, and rainfall records to untangle relationships between environmental factors and Rabi crop productivity. Analysis of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) provides insights into crop health by revealing variations in vegetation cover. Land Surface Temperature (LST) data offers perspectives on thermal conditions during the Rabi season, crucial for understanding water stress. Rainfall data assists in assessing water availability and its impact on crop yield. Correlation analysis highlights the direct impact of environmental conditions on agricultural productivity. Temporal trends show diversification in crop types, with "High Crops" on an upward trajectory, while the overall crop area in Mianwali District consistently decreases, possibly linked to changing environmental patterns. Land Surface Temperature conditions suggest potential environmental adaptations, supported by a decrease in LST values from 2000 to 2022, indicating improved thermal conditions or adaptive strategies. Rainfall analysis underscores the significance of understanding climatic patterns for sustainable agriculture. The correlation between NDVI and LST emphasizes vegetation sensitivity to thermal conditions, providing valuable insights for ecological studies and precision agriculture. The positive correlation between Rainfall and NDVI highlights the crucial role of water availability in fostering vegetation health and guiding sustainable agricultural practices.

Экономический вклад иностранных студентов в Российскую Федерацию

The number and mobility of international student is a sign of quality and prestige for universities and educational institutions. International student mobility impacts different aspects of global society, including socioeconomic, political, and cultural environment, science, and technology. In order to compete in the global educational environment and attract international students, Russia has been offering a wide range of programs where the English is the language of instruction. This paper offers a descriptive research and uses a systematic approach to analyze monetary gains of Russia brought in by international students. The research uses secondary data provided by official international organizations. The results show that 64.5% of the international students who studied full-time in Russian universities in academic year 2017 / 2018 were self-financed. Among the top 6 destination countries for international students, Russia spends the lowest percentage of GDP on education, has the lowest economic contribution of international students to GDP and total economic contribution of international students. International students in Russia spent around $637.5 million on tuition and $1,632.7 million on household expenses during the period of study. The aggregate income from providing Russian educational services to foreign citizens is $2,270.2 million.

Digital Agriculture: The Future of Indian Agriculture

Agriculture continues to be the dominant economic sector in India in terms of providing a living. Of the population, 58.2% are employed by it. The success of the agriculture sector determines the nation's social change and economic expansion. Although the amount produced by agriculture per person has been steadily increasing recently, the sector's GDP contribution has been declining. The main issue facing the so-called agrarian Indian economy is the slowdown in agricultural growth. Numerous factors contribute to the slowdown, including inadequate public funding for R&D and irrigation, ineffective input delivery, fragmented land, antiquated tenancy laws, a lack of contemporary market and rural infrastructure, unsuitable input pricing policies, and so on. Agriculture has embraced technology as a solution to all of these issues. Information and communication technology (ICT) and agriculture are coming together to create a new growth engine that makes all production, distribution, and consuming processes more efficient. The evolution of Indian agriculture and the concept of digital technology are the main topics of this paper.

Measuring the digital economy in Vietnam

This study uses the concept of digital spillover and a panel model to measure the GDP contribution of Vietnam's core digital economy and digitalized economy. The proposed model is suitable for the case of countries, especially developing countries, with limited data. The calculations and analysis give three main results. Firstly, the scale of Vietnam's core economy has increased rapidly over the past 14 years. In 2007, the share of the core economy in GDP was only 1.45%. In 2019, this number increased to 7.08%. Second, the scale of Vietnam's digitalized economy grew significantly from 2007 to 2019. In 2007–2011, the digitalized economy accounted for 4.90% of GDP. This number increased to 11.56% for the period 2016–2019. Third, the growth of the digitalized economy is mainly based on the growth of the core digital economy. Therefore, the digital spillover effect in Vietnam's digitalized economy during the 13 years has only slightly changed. This study implies that Vietnam needs policies to develop the core digital economy and especially promote digital transformation to achieve the national digitalized economy goal of 20% of GDP by 2025 and 30% by 2030, respectively.

Sustainable tourism development in Bangladesh: Challenges and opportunities to promote the Sundarbans

Purpose: The main objective of this study is to determine what needs to be managed and what obstacles make this World Heritage Site more attractive to tourists through sustainable development. Research Methodology: The study was mainly quantitative in nature. To acquire primary data, the upazilas of Koira and Dumuria in the Khulna district, as well as Shyamnagar, Debhata, and Tala in the Satkhira district, were conveniently sampled because a sizable portion of Sundarbans are located there. A total of 365 individuals from five preselected locations completed a standardized questionnaire to provide information, and respondents were selected using a simple random sampling procedure. Statistics, such as frequency and percentage, and the logistic regression (LR) model were used to examine the data. Results: Among the independent variables included in the NES framework, only eight variables—advantages of natural diversity, natural complications, compatibility, multi-culture opportunity, diversity of life, job opportunity, GDP contribution, and income opportunity—significantly influenced the sustainable development of tourism in the Sundarbans area. Limitations: This research is based on the selected sample about the sustainability, protection, and promotion of Sundarbans, but most of the respondents had limited ideas about these key issues. Contributions: If a sustainable communication system and a standard resort or hotel-motel are built, domestic and foreign tourists will be interested. Additionally, specific policies and adequate security arrangements should be implemented. Above all, the concerned ministries of the government should come forward to create awareness among the people living in the Sundarban area to protect the natural diversity of the region.

Sustainable tourism development in Bangladesh: Challenges and opportunities to promote the Sundarbans

Purpose: The main objective of this study is to determine what needs to be managed and what obstacles make this World Heritage Site more attractive to tourists through sustainable development. Research Methodology: The study was mainly quantitative in nature. To acquire primary data, the upazilas of Koira and Dumuria in the Khulna district, as well as Shyamnagar, Debhata, and Tala in the Satkhira district, were conveniently sampled because a sizable portion of Sundarbans are located there. A total of 365 individuals from five preselected locations completed a standardized questionnaire to provide information, and respondents were selected using a simple random sampling procedure. Statistics, such as frequency and percentage, and the logistic regression (LR) model were used to examine the data. Results: Among the independent variables included in the NES framework, only eight variables—advantages of natural diversity, natural complications, compatibility, multi-culture opportunity, diversity of life, job opportunity, GDP contribution, and income opportunity—significantly influenced the sustainable development of tourism in the Sundarbans area. Limitations: This research is based on the selected sample about the sustainability, protection, and promotion of Sundarbans, but most of the respondents had limited ideas about these key issues. Contributions: If a sustainable communication system and a standard resort or hotel-motel are built, domestic and foreign tourists will be interested. Additionally, specific policies and adequate security arrangements should be implemented. Above all, the concerned ministries of the government should come forward to create awareness among the people living in the Sundarban area to protect the natural diversity of the region.

Determinants Impacting Farmers' Selection of Various Agrochemical Brands of Uttar Pradesh

Agriculture drives India's economy with 59% population dependence and 23% GDP contribution. Amidst diminishing cultivable land, employing modern techniques, quality pesticides, and high-yield seeds ensure food security and export stability. Agrochemicals crucially protect crops, doubling yields in the last five decades. To explain various dimensions of agrochemical usages in between farmers, this study was undertaken and a total sample of 100 farmers were investigated. In the study area of Uttar Pradesh, factors influencing farmers' pesticide brand preferences include retailer recommendation, competitive price, and quality as primary factors, while co-farmer opinion, sales promotion, and advertisement have minimal influence etc. were studied. As for the study of the majority of sampled farmers (87.00%) favored Saafbrand as their top choice, followed by Tebusulph (79%) and Indofil M-45 (63%) as their second and third preferences, respectively. Sofiya (51.00%), Sprint (39.00%), Miradore (24.00%), Haru (12.00%), Roko (9.00%), and Cocide (4.00%) were moderately preferred brands among Uttar Pradesh farmers. This research paper includes various marketing shares of various pesticide, insecticide and weedicides.

Competitive Strategies on Organizational Growth of Manufacturing Firms in Kenya

Relationship between competitive strategies and organizational growth of manufacturing firms has gain credence globally. Manufacturing firms Japan has recorded greater success in manufacturing sector globally due to their ability to adopt various competitive strategies that has aided them to achieved sustained competitive advantage. However, manufacturing industry in Kenya has experienced decline over the last five years. Manufacturing sector GDP contribution in Kenya has reduced in 2016 first quarter to KES 118,134 from KES 113,460 million 2016 second quarter. Therefore, this study sought to examine the influence of effect of competitive strategies on the organizational growth of manufacturing firms in Kenya. The specific objective was to examine the influence of cost leadership strategy on organizational growth among manufacturing firms in Kenya, to examine influence of differentiation strategy on organizational growth among manufacturing firms in Kenya, to examine influence of focus strategy on organizational growth among manufacturing firms in Kenya and to examine influence of product innovation strategy on organizational growth among manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study was guided by generic strategy theory, competitive advantage theory, resource based view theory, open systems theory and organizational growth theory. Survey research design was used covering a stratified sample of 189 firms drawn from the 454 manufacturing firms distributed across the 12 key industrial sub-sectors. The researcher used multi-stage sampling technique. In the first instance, stratified sampling technique was used to classify each of the 12 sub-sectors into individual strata. The sample then selected using simple random sampling technique from each of the stratum. Questionnaires were used to collect data. The statistics generated was descriptive statistics which included frequencies and percentages and inferential statistics which included a multiple linear regression. A multiple linear regression model was used to show the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. A pilot study was conducted in order to establish the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. In this study, the questionnaire was tested on 10% of the sample to ensure that it is relevant and effective. The subjects participating in the pilot study included in the final study to avoid survey fatigue. From the study findings, majority of the respondents agreed that competitive strategies are implemented by manufacturing firms in Kenya in which cost leadership strategy and differentiation strategy was mostly implemented. The study revealed that cost leadership strategy had a strong positive correlation with organizational growth. The study established that differentiation strategy plays a significant role on organizational growth. The regression analysis results indicated that differentiation strategy had a statistically significant influence on the organizational growth. The study established that focus strategy had a significantly strong positive relationship with the organizational growth, since a unit improvement in the product innovation strategy was likely to result to an improvement in the organizational growth. The regression analysis results indicated that product innovation strategy had a statistically significant influence on the organizational growth. The study also concluded that all the independent variables (cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy, focus strategy and product innovation strategy contribute significantly to organizational growth. Based on the findings, study recommended that manufacturing firms do adopt the use of differentiation strategy in their business processes. Managers should focus on good cost management practices in addition to setting low interest rates to derive competitiveness.

Ensuring the Success of Unorganized Retail Supply Chains of Current Times- A Developing Nation Perspective

The goal of this study is to identify and evaluate key success factors (CSF) for unorganized retail supply chain management (UORSCM). The interpretative structural modelling (ISM) approach is applied for analyzing the CSFs. In India, the unorganized fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) retail sector occupies a sizable amount of space and makes a significant GDP contribution. A total of 13 CSFs are analyzed, and to determine their driving and dependency power, MICMAC analysis is carried out. The outcome demonstrates that unorganized retailing suffers a variety of difficulties, like, the arrival of new competitors, product substitution, supplier problems, buyer threats, an increase in organized retailers, and co-manufacturer threats, in developing country settings. The factors with the highest positive impact are service quality in FMCG retail, time management at stores, product quality, and spoilage adjustment in retail. The factors, service quality in retail, time management at stores, and product quality have resulted in the highest driving power and lowest dependence power to attain the desired performance of UORSCM. The study’s findings also indicate that by focusing on these factors, unorganized retailers can efficiently handle customers.

THE END OF COVID-19 AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS BY THE HOSPITALITY SECTOR IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

The World Health Organisation (WHO) declared the end of the COVID-19 pandemic as a public health emergency in 2023. This study aims to review the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the hospitality sector in Africa in terms of achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. It is based on a review of documentary sources on the nexus between COVID-19, SDGs and the hospitality sector in sub-Saharan Africa. The findings highlight that the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the closure of hospitality facilities, significant job losses, decline in GDP contribution, financial losses and an increase in poverty which negatively impacted the achievement of various SDGs. This said, the pandemic also brought certain positive impacts including a reduction in carbon emissions and a greater appreciation of domestic tourism. Arguably, in the post COVID-19 period, the hospitality sector in sub-Saharan Africa needs a reset with expanded measures towards the achievement of the SDGs. Correspondingly, African hospitality scholarship must pivot to address relevant research issues around the SDGs.