Contrast Sensitivity In Patients Research Articles

Characteristics of Visual Contrast Sensitivity and Ocular Microtremor in Schizophrenia

Background: schizophrenia is a severe mental illness characterized not only by cognitive but also sensory impairments, including the visual system. Research suggests impairments in contrast processing in schizophrenia, but evidence regarding the nature of these impairments is inconsistent. The theory of tremor modulation signal connects contrast sensitivity with the parameters of ocular microtremor – high-frequency and low-amplitude micromovements that are controlled by neurons of the nuclei of the brain stem. The parameters of ocular microtremor in psychopathology, in particular in schizophrenia, have not been described in the scientific literature.The aim of the study was to study the characteristics of contrast sensitivity and microtremor of the eyes of patients with schizophrenia.Patients and methods: to register contrast sensitivity, the method of computer visocontrastometry was used. Gabor elements were presented with spatial frequencies of 0.4, 1.0, 3.0, and 10 cycles/deg. Eye microtremor was recorded using a non-contact high-speed video recording method using an original optical system. The study involved 30 patients diagnosed as paranoid schizophrenia and 30 people without psychopathology and neurological diseases.Results: the contrast sensitivity of patients was reduced in the region of medium and high spatial frequencies compared with conditionally healthy controls, which may be associated with the chronic course of the disease. Ocular microtremor in the patient group was characterized by a lower frequency and a higher amplitude compared to the control group.Conclusions: contrast sensitivity and ocular microtremor are considered as potential markers for determining the functional state in schizophrenia, which requires further research and accumulation of experimental data.

A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF REFRACTIVE SURGERY OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH MESOPIC PUPIL SIZE - PHAKIC COLLAMER LENSES VS SURFACE ABLATION

Purpose- The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the visual outcomes of night vision and contrast sensitivity in patients undergoing phakiccollamer lenses (ICL) or surface ablation (PRK) Method of Study- A prospective nonrandomised study in which 50 eyes of patients with myopic astigmatism and pupil size of 6.51 ± 0.8 mm were studied. The contrast sensitivity and visual outcome( 2 months postoperative) was measured with Rabin super vision test, under normal low light conditions.

Customized designed notch filters and applied effects on glare and contrast sensitivity in patients with dry eye syndrome.

Glare visual acuity and contrast sensitivity are important indicators of visual quality. Studies have shown that the glare visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in dry eye patients tend to degenerate, further affecting their quality of life. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of notch filters on glare VA and contrast sensitivity in patients with dry eye or with dry eye syndrome. 36 subjects in the 20‒65 age group were diagnosed as having dry eye disease or perceived dry eye syndromes themselves who were included after the initial screening with the OSDI questionnaire, and one was subsequently excluded as they had undergone retinal detachment surgery. Finally, 35 subjects (14 male and 21 female) with a mean age of 40.66 ± 15.62years participated in this study. All subjects wore their habitual prescriptions and four different filter lenses (namely 480, 620, dual 480 & 620 notch filter, and FL-41 tinted lens), and measured the parameters of glare visual acuity and contrast sensitivity using CSV-1000 and sine wave contrast test (SWCT), respectively. Student t-test and Repeated measurement analysis (R-ANOVA) were utilized by using SPSS 26.0 software. A dual-wavelength 480 & 620nm optical notch filter had a significant anti-glare effect decreasing glare disabilities or discomfort, and leading to better visual quality, the same effect was also shown on a 480nm notch filter lens. All participants showed a significant difference among the baseline, three notch filters (480nm, 620nm, dual-wavelength 480 & 620nm), and FL-41 tinted lens were used on SWCT_A (1.5cpd, F = 3.054, p = 0.019) and SWCT_E (18cpd, F = 2.840, p = 0.049); but did not show statistical different on SWCT_B (3cpd, F = 0.333, p = 0.771), SWCT_C (6cpd, F = 1.779, p = 0.159), and SWCT_D (12cpd, F = 1.447, p = 0.228). The baseline showed the best visual performance on CS at a low spatial frequency (SWCT_A, 1.5cpd), any filter might reduce the contrast sensitivity at low spatial frequencies in the clinical trial, whereas 480nm notch filter showed the best effectiveness on CS at a high spatial frequency (SWCT_E, 18cpd), the FL-41 lens that also filters out the 480nm band does not achieve the same effect. Moreover, patients with dry eye or those older than 40years old preferred optical multilayer notch filters to FL-41 tinted lenses. The 480- & 620-nm dual-wavelength and 480-nm single-wavelength notch filters have the best effect on the glare visual acuity and contrast sensitivity (CS) at high spatial frequencies in dry eye patients. The 620-nm notch filter performs better in CS at low and mid-low spatial frequencies; the FL-41 tinted lens performs poorly for glare VA and CS spatial frequencies examination. Patients with glare disabilities or CS disturbance at high spatial frequencies may choose a 480-nm notch filter lens, and patients who have CS disturbance at low spatial frequencies may consider a 620-nm notch filter for the prescription.

Impact of intravitreal injection therapy on contrast sensitivity in patients with nAMD and DME

PurposeThe study aims to evaluate changes in contrast sensitivity (CS) during therapy with intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME).MethodsProspective, uncontrolled, multicenter study on patients with neovascular AMD or DME who underwent intravitreal injection therapy with Ranibizumab, Aflibercept, or Bevacizumab was conducted. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and CS measured by Mars Letter Contrast Sensitivity Test (MLCS) and Freiburg Visual Acuity and Contrast Test (FrACT) in logCS were evaluated before 3 consecutive VEGF inhibitor injections, which followed the pro renata regimen in treatment-naïve and pretreated eyes with a maximum of 9 injections. Correlation of MLCS and FrACT was calculated by the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.ResultsEighty eyes of 74 patients (mean age 72.7; SD ± 9.96) were included. BCVA improved significantly from 0.44 (SD ± 0.21) logMAR to 0.38 (SD ± 0.23) logMAR by 0.06 (SD ± 0.14) logMAR values (p < 0.001). CS measured by MLCS increased significantly from 1.27 (SD ± 0.25) logCS to 1.39 (SD ± 0.22) logCS (p < 0.001). CS measured by FrACT also improved significantly from 1.22 (SD ± 0.32) logCS to 1.30 (SD ± 0.29) logCS (p = 0.035). A positive correlation between MLCS and FrACT was found (r = 0.389; p < 0.001). Despite statistical significance, results for BCVA, MLCS, and FrACT failed clinical significance. Overall best test results were achieved with MLCS.ConclusionsIntravitreal injection therapy with VEGF inhibitors led to an improvement of BCVA and CS measured by MLCS and FrACT. MLCS was superior and more sensitive compared to FrACT and even BCVA to evaluate CS in elderly patients with macular pathology.

Commentary: Dysthyroid optic neuropathy: A lurking danger in thyroid eye disease.

Poonam et al., in their retrospective study, highlighted male gender, hyperthyroidism, and smoking as risk factors of developing dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) over four years. They highlighted the potential of recurrence of DON in patients with diabetes.[1] DON is the most dreaded complication of thyroid eye disease (TED), warranting an urgent intervention. Fortunately, the occurrence of DON is noted only in 5%–7% of TED cases.[2] The diagnosis of established DON is majorly clinical, but the diagnosis of subclinical DON may need detailed ophthalmic examination and imaging. Patients with subclinical DON may not experience a sudden diminution of vision, abnormal pupillary reflexes, and features of orbital inflammation—classical of severe TED.[2] The risk factors for clinical and subclinical DON include older age, male gender, smoking, diabetes (controlled or uncontrolled), radioisotope therapy, hyperthyroidism or Grave’s ophthalmopathy, and high level of thyroid autoantibodies.[12] The pathogenesis of DON involves mechanical, inflammatory, and vascular factors causing damage to the nerve cells and axons of the optic nerve.[2] TED patients can be classified as type I (predominantly fat enlargement) or type II disease (predominantly extraocular muscle enlargement). In type II TED, the mechanical compression of optic nerve blood supply and axonal flow at the crowded orbital apex occurs due to enlarged extraocular muscles. The reduced arterial supply to the optic nerve and sluggish outflow of the blood from the superior ophthalmic vein comprises of major vascular insults contributing to the DON.[2] Moreover, these phenomena occurring at the orbital apex do not contribute much to clinical proptosis; hence many remain underdiagnosed. In ophthalmic examination, relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), blue-yellow (Tritan) color deficiency, and reduced contrast sensitivity in patients of TED are sensitive parameters for detecting DON. Clinical examination of the optic disc and optic disc imaging are important for the monitoring of DON.[2] Orbital magnetic resonance imaging with or without contrast may provide sufficient details about the extraocular muscles, orbital fat, optic nerve, orbital apex, superior ophthalmic vein, and other essential orbital structures. Apparent diffusion coefficient readings from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may provide the activity details in the extraocular muscles. Barrett’s muscle index of >60% is considered highly sensitive and specific for DON.[3] It is calculated on coronal computed tomography (CT) or MRI at a mid-point between the posterior globe and the orbital apex. Barrett’s index includes two indices, horizontal and vertical, and the larger of the two is taken as significant. Other parameters are extraocular muscle volume/orbital volume (MV/OV) and crowding index (CI) are considered reliable indicators of DON. The 3D MRI-based volumetric analysis showed the larger extraocular muscle volume as the most relevant factor in DON.[4] Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has been used to measure retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and peripapillary capillary vessel density (whole image and radial vessel density) as DON parameters. The patients with subclinical DON have shown significantly lower vessel densities as compared to normal individuals.[25] Intravenous steroids and orbital decompression surgery remain the mainstay of treatment in DON patients. The best outcomes for DON patients are provided by combined intravenous methylprednisolone and 3-wall orbital decompression, as vision is successfully preserved in most cases with a reduction in proptosis.[6] The advent of teprotumumab, a targeted insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor-based therapy, is slowly establishing itself as “medical orbital decompression” therapy. It reduces the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors and IGF-1 receptors on fibroblasts and reduces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) responsible for severe TED.[26] Hence, an ophthalmologist should be aware of the clinical features of subclinical DON and maintain a low threshold for aggressive treatment. For the holistic management of DON, a multidisciplinary team involving an ophthalmologist, endocrinologist, and otolaryngologist should be working in coordination to avoid blindness.

Binocular contrast sensitivity in patients with intermittent exotropia in relation to angle of strabismus and level of compensation

ABSTRACT Intermittent exotropia (IXT) causes photophobia, and photophobia has been studied by measurement of contrast sensitivity (CS). CS was reduced in children with IXT. We compared binocular CS (BCS) in patients with IXT and normal subjects in relation to the angle of strabismus and control of IXT. This case–control study was performed on 40 patients with IXT and 40 normal subjects who were examined with the CSV1000 CS device in mesopic (3 cd/m2) and photopic (85 cd/m2) conditions with and without a glare stimulus at 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycle/degree (cpd) spatial frequencies. The angle of strabismus and near stereoacuity were also measured. The patient’s IXT compensation was graded based on the office control scale. The mean age for IXT and normal participants were 12.30 ± 0.60 (range, 6–18) and 11.00 ± 0.78 (range, 6–18) years, respectively (P = .34). The IXT patients had lower binocular CS than controls at all spatial frequencies (P < .001). The largest decrease in CS occurred at 6 cpd spatial frequency under mesopic condition (1.61 ± 0.07 vs 1.38 ± 0.15, P < .001) and photopic condition with glare (2.03 ± 0.06 vs 1.77 ± 0.13, P < .001). Patients with better control scores had higher levels of BCS; also, the score of BCS showed a significant decrease in patients with a deviation of 25 prism diopter or more, compared to those with less deviation. BCS correlated at 3 and 6 cpd with near stereoacuity (r = −0.652, P < .001 and r = −0.613, P < .001). Binocular CS in patients with IXT correlates with the angle of strabismus and level of compensation.

Study of the Effect of Grid Laser Photocoagulation on Contrast Sensitivity in Patients with Diabetic Macular Odema

Study of the Effect of Grid Laser Photocoagulation on Contrast Sensitivity in Patients with Diabetic Macular Odema

Effectiveness of syntonic phototherapy in amblyopia in terms of improved visual acuity and contrast sensitivity

Purpose: To compare visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in different types of amblyopia and to see the effect of syntonic therapy on amblyopia in terms of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Study Design: A Quasi Experimental study Place and Duration of Study: A Qusai Experimental study was carried out from August 2021 to November 2021 at Madina Teaching Hospital Faisalabad. Methods: A total of 30 patients of either gender and age from 8 to 18 years were included. There were 15 patients with anisometropic amblyopia and 15 with strabismic amblyopia. The patients were recruited through non-probability purposive sampling technique. All the patients underwent assessment of visual acuity with Log MAR chart and contrast sensitivity with Pelli-Robsonchart. Syntonic phototherapy with red filter glasses was prescribed for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, patients returned and underwent post-therapy assessment of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Paired sample t test and Independent sample t test was used with the help of IBM SPSS-23 to get a statistical result. Results: Syntonic phototherapy showed significant improvement in mean visual acuity of 0.223 (p=0.00) and contrast sensitivity of -0.200 (p=0.00) in amblyopia. Anisometropic amblyopia showed better improvement in visual acuity (p=0.016) and contrast sensitivity (p=0.035) by syntonic phototherapy as compared to patients with strabismic amblyopia. Conclusion: Significant improvement was seen in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in patients with amblyopia after syntonic phototherapy. Anisometropic amblyopia showed better improvement as compared to strabismic amblyopia, in terms of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity.

A Comparison of Visual Quality and Contrast Sensitivity between Patients with Scleral-Fixated and In-Bag Intraocular Lenses.

Purpose: To analyze visual quality and contrast sensitivity in patients after intraocular lens (IOL) implantation with sutured scleral fixation. Setting: Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Design: Retrospective observational study. Methods: Data on the refractive outcome, visual acuity, and subjective visual symptoms in patients with scleral-fixated or in-bag IOL implantation were collected from September 2019 to March 2020. We also investigated patients’ postoperative higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and dysphotopsia using a wavefront aberrometer and glaretester, respectively. The following values were compared: corrected distance visual acuity, spherical equivalent, root mean square values for aberrations, and contrast sensitivity. Results: A total of 23 eyes implanted with scleral-fixated IOL and 74 eyes with in-bag IOL were studied. The mean postoperative spherical equivalent and logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution after scleral fixation were −1.09 ± 3.32 D and 0.20 ± 0.17, respectively. The ocular HOAs were higher in the scleral-fixation group than in the in-bag group (p = 0.001). Contrast sensitivity was negatively associated with age, and it was similar between the two groups after controlling for the age effect. Conclusions: Ocular HOAs and refractive errors were higher in the scleral-fixation group than in the in-bag group. However, no significant difference was noted in contrast sensitivity between advanced scleral fixation and in-bag IOL implantation.

Contrast Sensitivity Deficits and Its Structural Correlates in Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome.

PurposeTo investigate the deficits in contrast sensitivity in patients with Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS) and to explore the potential relationship between contrast sensitivity and ocular structure.MethodsIn this prospective study, 25 patients with FUS and 30 healthy volunteers were recruited. Eyes were divided into three groups: FUS-affected eyes (AE), fellow eyes (FE), and healthy eyes. The contrast sensitivity function (CSF) of all participants was evaluated using the quick CSF (qCSF) method. Fundus photographs were collected for the analysis of refractive media, and vascular density (VD) was assessed using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Data were analyzed and compared using the generalized estimating equation (GEE).ResultsThe CSF of AE was significantly lower than that of FE and controls, while no significant difference was observed between FE and controls. Contrast sensitivity was negatively correlated with the grade of haze. No significant correlation was found between visual function and VDs in FUS eyes.ConclusionsWe found that the CSF of FUS-affected eyes was significantly reduced, and the visual impairment was predominantly caused by the refractive media turbidity.

The effect of wavelength-controlling lenses on contrast sensitivity in patients with anisometropic amblyopia

The effect of wavelength-controlling lenses on contrast sensitivity in patients with anisometropic amblyopia

EVALUATION OF CHANGES IN VISUAL ACUITY AND CONTRAST SENSITIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH KERATOCONUS AFTER CORNEAL COLLAGEN CROSS-LINKING

Objective: To evaluate changes in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in patients with keratoconus after corneal collagen cross-linking.&#x0D; Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from May 2019 to Apr 2020.&#x0D; Methodology: A total of 48 eyes of 30 patients with progressive keratoconus were included in this study. Baseline uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were recorded, following which transepithelial corneal collagen cross-linking with topical riboflavin and ultraviolet A light was performed. Uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity and contrast sensitivity measurements were repeated and recorded 6-months postoperatively.&#x0D; Results: Mean preoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity was 0.56 ± 0.27 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution which improved to 0.51 ± 0.26 at 6 months after the procedure (p=0.002). Mean corrected distance visual acuity was 0.30 ± 0.19 preoperatively, improving to 0.24 ± 0.18 (p=0.001) at 6 months after corneal collagen cross-linking, thereby depicting a statistically significant improvement. Treated eyes also showed a significant improvement in contrast sensitivity (p=0.001) of 0.05 ± 0.08 logarithmic units of contrast sensitivity, from a mean preoperative contrast sensitivity of 1.72 ± 0.10 to 1.77 ± 0.09 when evaluated 6 months after corneal collagen cross-linking.&#x0D; Conclusion: Corneal collagen cross-linking is a promising advancement in the treatment of keratoconus. It was found effective in significantly improving visual acuity as well as contrast sensitivity, thus enhancing visual outcomes in keratoconus.

Randomized Controlled Trial of a Spectacle Lens for Macular Degeneration.

E-Scoop, a spectacle lens, provides no clinically relevant improvements on quality of life, visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity for patients with AMD. Because patients' burden is high and therapeutic options are scarce, the incentive to develop effective vision rehabilitation interventions remains. Patients with AMD experience low quality of life due to vision loss, despite angiogenesis inhibitor interventions that slow down progression for some patients. E-Scoop, which includes low-power prisms, 6% magnification, yellow tint, and antireflection coating, might aid in daily activities by improving distance viewing. Separately, these features have little proven effectiveness. E-Scoop has not been formally tested. This study aimed to determine the impact of E-Scoop on quality of life and the effect on visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. In this randomized controlled, open-label trial, 190 of 226 eligible patients were included. The primary outcome was quality of life measured with the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes were visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. The follow-up for quality of life was after 6 weeks for controls and after 3 weeks of use for E-Scoop wearers. The visual measures were repeated after 6 weeks, with optimal refractive correction, with and without E-Scoop. Randomization resulted in 99 E-Scoop and 86 control group patients for intention-to-treat analysis. No differential change was found between the E-Scoop and control groups on the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire using Rasch analysis (Cohen d = -0.07, P = .53). Statistically significant but small effects were found in favor of E-Scoop on binocular visual acuity (mean difference, 0.05 logMAR [2.5 letters, P < .001]) and contrast sensitivity (mean difference, 0.10 logCS [2 letters, P < .001]). No effect of E-Scoop on quality of life was found. E-Scoop showed effects that were statistically significant, although not clinically meaningful and within typical variability, on visual measures.

Influence of corneal guttae and nuclear cataract on contrast sensitivity

AIMSTo evaluate the contrast sensitivity in patients with nuclear cataract and corneal guttae compared to patients with nuclear cataract without guttae.METHODSIn this retrospective, single-centre case series, 50 eyes of 50...

Prevention of Early Alzheimer's Disease by Erinacine A-Enriched Hericium erinaceus Mycelia Pilot Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of three H. erinaceus mycelia (EAHE) capsules (350 mg/capsule; containing 5 mg/g erinacine A active ingredient) per day for the treatment of patients with mild Alzheimer’s Disease (AD).MethodsThis study comprised a 3-week no-drug screening period, followed by a 49-week double-blind treatment period with 2-parallel groups in which eligible patients were randomized to either three 5 mg/g EAHE mycelia capsules per day or identical appearing placebo capsules. Cognitive assessments, ophthalmic examinations, biomarker collection, and neuroimaging were followed throughout the study period.ResultsAfter 49 weeks of EAHE intervention, a significant decrease in Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument score was noted in the placebo group, a significant improvement in Mini-Mental State Examination score was observed in the EAHE group and a significant Instrumental Activities of Daily Living score difference were found between the two groups. In addition, EAHE group achieved a significantly better contrast sensitivity when compared to the placebo group. Moreover, only the placebo group observed significantly lowered biomarkers such as calcium, albumin, apolipoprotein E4, hemoglobin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor and significantly elevated alpha1-antichymotrypsin and amyloid-beta peptide 1–40 over the study period. Using diffusion tensor imaging, the mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values from the arcuate fasciculus region in the dominant hemisphere significantly increased in the placebo group while no significant difference was found in the EAHE group in comparison to their baselines. Moreover, ADC values from the parahippocampal cingulum region in the dominant hemisphere significantly decreased in the EAHE group whereas no significant difference was found in the placebo group when compared to their baselines. Lastly, except for four subjects who dropped out of the study due to abdominal discomfort, nausea, and skin rash, no other adverse events were reported.ConclusionThree 350 mg/g EAHE capsules intervention for 49 weeks demonstrated higher CASI, MMSE, and IADL scores and achieved a better contrast sensitivity in patients with mild AD when compared to the placebo group, suggesting that EAHE is safe, well-tolerated, and may be important in achieving neurocognitive benefits.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04065061.

Evaluation of contrast sensitivity in patients with advanced glaucoma: comparison of two tests

AimsTo evaluate contrast sensitivity (CS) in patients with advanced glaucomatous visual field damage, and to compare two clinical CS tests.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional test–retest study. Twenty-eight patients with open-angle glaucoma,...

Spatial contrast sensitivity in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension

To study the characteristics of SCS in patients with POAG, PEG (as well as in the paired eye without glaucoma) and OH. The work was performed in the period from 2011 to July 2017. Analytical, observational case-control study data was analyzed. The study included 1380 patients under dynamic observation; in accordance with inclusion and non-inclusion criteria, 290 patients (540 eyes) with POAG, PEG, OH, as well as healthy people were included in the study. SCS was measured using 'Zebra v 3.0' software developed by the laboratory of clinical physiology of vision named after S.V. Kravkova in collaboration with 'Astroinform SPE' LLC. Patients were shown vertical achromatic (black and white) and colored (red, green, and blue) gratings of specific spatial frequencies (0.5; 1; 2; 4; 8; 16 cycles/degree). Among the patients of the study, 243 (83%) were female and 47 (17%) were male. The average age of all patients at the time of inclusion in the study was 67.75 (62.8; 74.5); 67.84±8.7 years. The study revealed an increase of SCS in patients with OH and their tendency for a slight increase in the contralateral eye with unilateral PEG in comparison with measurements taken from patients of POAG and PEG groups. The revealed increase of SCS is likely to be a consequence of increased or preserved hemodynamic characteristics in the vessels of the eye and orbit in patients with hypertension and in the contralateral eye in unilateral glaucoma, as described in our previous publications. At the same time, generalized changes in the vascular wall in patients with 'PEG-' on the paired eye only predetermine a tendency for an increase of SCS indices.

The Effects of Changing Light Levels on Contrast Sensitivity in Patients With Glaucoma

The Effects of Changing Light Levels on Contrast Sensitivity in Patients With Glaucoma

Оценка качества зрения у пациентов с ретинопатией недоношенных методом пространственной контрастной чувствительности

Оценка качества зрения у пациентов с ретинопатией недоношенных методом пространственной контрастной чувствительности

Short-term effects of intravitreal bevacizumab in contrast sensitivity of patients with diabetic macular edema and optimizing glycemic control

AimsTo analyze contrast sensitivity of intravitreal bevacizumab injections with optimizing glycemic control versus optimizing glycemic control (in combination with sham injections) in eyes with Diabetic Macular Edema (DME). DesignProspective, interventional, masked, randomized controlled trial. MethodsForty-one eyes of 34 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and DME with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) < 11% received either intravitreal bevacizumab injection (Group 1) or sham injection (Group 2) at 0 and 6 weeks along with optimizing glycemic control. Mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity (CS), optical coherence tomography (OCT)-measured by central macular thickness (CMT) were compared and correlated at baseline, 2, 6 and 12 weeks. ResultsThe study showed a mean CS improved in group 1 from 1.14 ± 0.36 logCS to 1.32 ± 0.24 logCS and also in group 2 from 1.11 ± 0.29 logCS to 1.18 ± 0.29 logCS at 12 weeks (P = 0.12). CS and CMT promptly decreased in group 1 compared to group 2 at 2 weeks (ΔCS = 0.15 ± 0.25 vs. 0.03 ± 0.15 logCS; P = 0.04; ΔCMT = 116 ± 115 vs. 17 ± 71 μm; P = 0.01). There was a mean reduction of approximately 0.5% in HbA1c levels in both groups at 12 weeks (P = 0.002). ConclusionThe use of bevacizumab in combination with optimizing glycemic control results in earlier improvement of contrast sensitivity in type 2 diabetes patients with DME. However, the optimizing glycemic control itself has shown also to be effective at 12 weeks.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02308644.