Contradictory Unity Research Articles

ОБ УТОЧНЕНИИ ПОДСЛЕДСТВЕННОСТИ ПО УГОЛОВНЫМ ДЕЛАМ ЗА УНИЧТОЖЕНИЕ ИЛИ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЕ ИМУЩЕСТВА ПО НЕОСТОРОЖНОСТИ

The article considers the actual problems of forming a correct legal conceptual and categorical apparatus used in Russian legislation regulating responsibility for activities that create increased danger to others. The methodological basis of the analysis carried out by the authors is the dialectic of legislative and law enforcement activities in their contradictory unity and the desire to achieve maximum meaningful purity of legal categories introduced into circulation, using the example of article 168 of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation. The authors propose specific formulations of the criminal law norm prescribed in article 168 of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation and their justification, which makes it possible to clarify the jurisdiction attributed to the competence of the investigators of the state fire supervision of the federal fire service of the State fire service of EMERCOM of Russia in criminal cases for the destruction or damage of property by negligence.

СТУДЕНТ ЖАШТАРДЫН ЖАРАНДЫК ИДЕНТТҮҮЛҮГҮН КАЛЫПТАНДЫРУУДАГЫ ДИНИЙ ЖАНА ЭТНИКАЛЫК ФАКТОРЛОРДУН РОЛУ

This article reveals the issues related to civic identity. Identity manifests and consolidates many properties of a person. There are ethnic, national, gender, social, cultural, religious, personal and many other forms of identity, which, intersecting with each other, exist in a complex and contradictory unity, complementing or denying each other.In the social context, the civic identity of young people is an important factor for social development. The quality of civic identity affects the quality of social practices and social development. In the context of social change, civic identity can take different forms, which can affect the socialization of young people and, consequently, their ability to accept the values of a given society. In a stable society, issues of civic identity are not as acute as in Kyrgyzstan, which is characterized by high mobility, instability and changeability of social reality. Kyrgyzstan faces the problem of preserving its identity as a system that reproduces itself and is oriented both towards integration into the world community and the preservation of its unique values and goals. . Social development is based on certain patterns that act as a basis for new generations to identify with society in its basic sociocultural dimensions.

Trends in the development and implementation of competition policy

Aim. To study the trends in the formation and implementation of competition policy.Objectives. To analyze global trends in the process of formation of competitive policy; to identify the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors in the process of competitive policy development; to determine the general trends of the leading states of the world that contribute to the support of competitive relations.Methods. The research utilized general scientific methods (comparative, complex, systemic, structural analysis), the method of cause-and-effect relationship, logical method.Results. Competitive policy in modern conditions has acquired a dualistic character. It combines in a contradictory unity the regulation of firms and households in the domestic and foreign markets, different measures of influence on the subjects of partner and adversary countries, control and influence on the markets of monopolized and competitive industries. The function of competitiveness development includes protection from monopolism and from the rivalry of foreign commodity producers. The boundaries of fair and unfair competition are gradually blurring. Changes in the rules of economic activity legitimize the behavior of economic entities, which previously was defined as unfair and was subject to sanctions provided for by the legislation. A trend common to many countries is the application of standards and norms established at the global level by their authorities regulating competition relations to the market activities of all economic entities in the country. Attempts to adapt the best world experience in supporting competitive relations to the national and historical peculiarities of each country have become widespread.Conclusions. The analyzed trends in the development of competition policy under the influence of the ratio of exogenous and endogenous factors in each country are manifested in two main variants. One of them is the policy of openness, inclusion of the national economy in the global economic system. Another option is the policy of isolation and restraint of competition from foreign market participants. A smaller part of the states prefer to choose one of these options, the majority tries to move along a compromise path, which can bring them success with the right allocation of priorities.

Social dilemma of legal order (sociological reflections)

The article provides an explanation of the social dilemma of legal order. Its understanding includes two provisions that make up a contradictory unity: 1) the legal order in modern societies has no reasonable alternative; 2) the social dialectics of the legal order formation is variable. Historical situations showing the action of the dilemma in societies are considered. Concluding the article, the author concludes that the establishment of legal order in societies is a complex and contradictory process of their institutional reorganization.

Theoretical Interpretation of the Role and Place of Private Companies in the Processes of System Formation in the Economy

The purpose of the presented study is to develop the new theoretical approaches to determining the role and place of private companies in the processes of system formation in the economy. Within the framework of the goal set, on the basis of dialectical logic and the conclusions of system theories, the author made an attempt to dialectically connect the ability of self-sufficient companies to self-structuring their internal organization with the mechanism of downward causation, and to self-development (to endless self-motion) and with the mechanism of upward causation. Based on developments in institutional economic theory, the article examines the possibilities of self-sufficient companies for self-structuring and endless self-promotion through integration into a community of their own kind in modern economic systems. The thesis is substantiated by integration of private companies that makes it possible to understand the dialectic of interaction between the conservative structure-forming element represented by the state and always mobile, rapidly changing labile elementary composition of systems represented by modern self-sufficient companies that participate in relationships, some of which become structural. Particular attention is paid to the theoretical formulation of the issue of changing the role of private business in the context of societal crisis of post-COVID reality. It is shown that the state, as a conservative principle in the processes of system formation in the economy, is in a contradictory unity with private companies as elements of the system, without which there would be no structure, and, consequently, the state. At the same time, without the state, the system would never become integrity, since the structure is engaged in its provision, and without this, private firms would be deprived of the future, since there would be no process of system formation. In this context, it is concluded that the state and private companies represent a typical dialectical pair that predetermines the formation, change and transformation of man-made systems.

Справедливость vs свобода = право: антагонистическое противоречие и его решение (часть вторая)

The article represents the author’s conception of the correlation between the idea of justice and the idea of freedom as a contradictory unity of two ideals that move social life. When analysing numerous manifestations of the antagonism between justice and freedom, the authors come to the paradoxical conclusion that law is born out of the conflict of freedom and justice. Leaving the actions of its subjects free, the law protects their results only if they are fair. The task of humanity is not to achieve this or that goal — to become «completely free» or to comprehend «higher justice»: it may approach both to a greater or lesser extent, but it cannot achieve either. But this is not necessary — it is enough to move along this path, because it already subordinates people’s lives to certain laws and thereby optimises it. In this (second) part, the authors show how their concept affects the key patterns and conclusions of private law in general and civil law in particular.

Справедливость vs свобода = право: антагонистическое противоречие и его решение (часть первая)

The article represents the authors’ conception of the correlation between the idea of justice and the idea of freedom as a contradictory unity of two ideals that move social life. Analysing the numerous manifestations of the antagonism of justice and freedom, the authors come to the paradoxical conclusion that law is born out of the conflict of freedom and justice. Leaving the actions of its subjects free, the law protects their results only if they are fair. The task of humanity is not to achieve this or that goal — to become “completely free” or to comprehend “higher justice”: it may approach both to a greater or lesser extent, but it cannot achieve either. But this is not necessary — it is enough to move along this path, because it already subordinates people’s lives to certain laws and thereby optimises it. In the first part of the article, the authors’ conception is built on the meta-level, the level of general principles and fundamentals.

Retrospective analysis of the ideas of forming the ecological culture of life sciences university students

Ecological culture as a branch of science and a complex characteristic of an individual and his behavior in society has a complex genesis, the stages of its formation are clearly related to the development of human civilization from the stage of the birth of productive forces to the present. The ecological culture of a specialist's personality, especially one whose activity is related to the transformation of the environment, is a social order of modern society, aimed at solving the rules and conditions of effective and problem-free coexistence of dialectically contradictory unity in the «biosphere – humanity» system. The article raises the question of a retrospective analysis of the ideas of the formation of ecological culture: the prerequisites for the establishment of environmental protection activities in different periods of the development of human civilization are analyzed, the main historical periods are singled out and the trends of its development are characterized; the theory of the formation of the ecological culture of the individual is analyzed, which is based on the system of scientific knowledge, which, in turn, form the basis of pedagogy and are interconnected with such sciences as philosophy, ecology, cultural studies, sociology, psychology, each of which has its own unique epistemological position. The provisions and approaches of interdisciplinary integration of scientific findings regarding the personal phenomenon of ecological culture and its main aspects, which are based on the unity of ecological knowledge, value attitude to natural objects and demonstration of environmental protection behavior, are summarized.

World Experience of Digital Development: Problems of Financial Subjectivity in the Context of Ukrainian Realities

The aim of the article is to characterize the concept of financial subjectivity in the context of ensuring the reconstructive process, identifying the leading directions of digital financial development of Ukraine and determining their impact on the reconstructive process, as well as systematizing the world experience of digital financial transformations. To achieve the aim, the concept of financial subjectivity as the ability to exercise one’s financial freedom, which is a contradictory unity of independence and dependence on the inner essence of the decision-maker, has been substantiated. Taking into account the consideration that the implementation of financial subjectivity at the State level provides for the dominance of national priorities, it is shown that the intensification of digital development of the financial sector of our country has led to the formation of trends in which financial institutions will create significant risks for the reconstruction process and development of financial subjectivity. It is substantiated how digital lending, the dominant of non-cash circulation and the introduction of the central bank’s digital currency will level financial subjectivity, gradually excluding it from economic communication. At the same time, the European example of digital financial transformations is shown and its effectiveness in the context of harmonization of digital and non-digital development is substantiated. The ways to optimize the digital development of the financial sector of Ukraine are identified, the need to limit the influence of world financial regulators and prevent the experimental nature of the introduction of the central bank’s digital currency is shown.

Commemorative Literary Portrait of V. M. Shukshin

The article focuses on the memorial lyrics about V. M. Shukshin as a way to model his image as a writer, director and actor. The focus is on the poetic obituaries by V. Vysotsky, A. Voznesensky, E. Yevtushenko, R. Rozhdestvensky as precedent texts for the subsequent memorial tradition which developed into a corpus of works by less known poets. The memorial "supertext" on Shukshin includes a regional component associated with the "native place" of the writer, as well as more universal motifs of life and cinema in their contradictory unity, creative method (author “from grassroots”), literary evolution (ancestors and successors). The literary portrait of Shukshin is built on symbolic details: cheekbones, kersey boots, guilder rose, birch, etc. The poets mention the films that are significant in his biography: the prophetic “Kalina Krasnaya”, the fatal “They Fought for the Motherland”, unfilmed “Stepan Razin”. The pragmatic aspect of commemorative practices reveals a negative component: a parasitic self-affirmation in culture through a public commemoration of a departed celebrity.

Philosophical Thought in Advanced Mathematics

Mathematics and philosophy are both a kind of understanding formed by understanding and transforming nature in the process of human development, and they are closely related. As a discipline that reflects the spatial form of the real world and expresses the quantitative relationship in the real world, advanced mathematics itself is a under the interaction of certain contradictory unity, it occurs and develops according to certain laws. These laws can be explained by philosophical thoughts. This paper takes the philosophical thoughts in advanced mathematics as the research object, and analyzes and expounds the quantitative and qualitative changes, motion and stillness, straightness and curvature, universality and particularity, abstraction and Philosophical thoughts such as concreteness, approximation and precision. Keywords: Advanced Mathematics; Philosophy Thought; Dialectic

On the question of the philosophical foundations of the geoecotones theory: synergetics, anthropocentrism, geosystem paradigm


 
 
 In this article, the problem of the philosophical foundations of the geographic theory of geoecotone is considered. As such, the authors propose the traditions of neopla- tonic philosophy, based on the ontological teaching of Empedocles, the modern philosoph- ical teachings of the actor-network theory of B. Latour and object-oriented ontology. The noospheric power of a person is realized in globalization processes through the expansion of various social and economic institutions, primarily the global ones, which cause corresponding changes in the activities of institutions at lower system levels, and those, accord- ingly, already have a direct impact on their environment. The borderline character of the geoecotone is historically enhanced as the anthropogenic impact on the geographic shell as a whole and its individual elements intensifies. Geoecotones are formed as a special type of geosystems, which are complex systems characterized by a contradictory unity of internal heterogeneity and functional connectivity. The action of the anthropogenic factor is so broad that almost any fragment of modern geospace can be classified to geoecotones in the state of bifurcation and uncertainty. The direct result of the development of mankind was the formation of multilevel ecological and economic systems. It has been determined that the spatial formation of such systems is directly related to the geoecotonization of the geographic shell. The authors analyze the approaches to the philosophical substantiation of the study of the culture and socioge- netic functions of the geoecotone. The formation of geoecotones is an objective process leading to the transformation of geographical knowledge itself. The logical-dialectical comparison of the processes of geoecotonization leads to the idea of their isomorphism with the processes of the development of geographical science, characterized by the universalization and complication of the category-conceptual apparatus.
 
 

"Lubricant" or "Stumbling Block"?: The Paradoxical Association Between Team Authoritarian Leadership and Creative Deviance.

Recently, creative deviance has been lauded to be an innovation-enhancing approach with applications in many new and high-tech domains. Previous study on antecedents to creative deviance remains scattered and vague. Our research conceptualizes creative deviance from the perspective of independent innovation and explores its antecedents, mechanisms, as well as conditions. Team authoritarian leadership is conceptualized as a contradictory unity as it mixes advantages and disadvantages. However, it is surprising to find that there are very few researches that have examined its relevant influence mechanisms and boundary conditions for authoritarian leadership. Contributing to an advanced understanding of authoritarian leadership in research and development teams, we investigated whether team authoritarian leadership is positively or negatively related to creative deviance. Drawing on social information processing theory and regulatory focus theory, we supposed that team authoritarian leadership facilitates creative deviance when the degree is low and inhibits it when the degree is high; dual occupational stress and prevention regulatory focus play mediation roles between team authoritarian leadership and creative deviance respectively, both variables play a chain mediation role in that relationship; and the mindfulness characteristic of an individual moderates the inverted-U team authoritarian leadership-creative deviance association, such that this association is weaker with low individual mindfulness. With two-phase questionnaire data collected from 433 members in 82 R&D teams of high-tech enterprises in electronic information technology, new material technology, new medical technology, resource and environment technology and advanced manufacturing technology randomly selected from five provinces in eastern China, these hypotheses are supported empirically. Overall, we find that, our study broadens antecedents and the relevant occurrence mechanisms of creative deviance when studied through a leadership management lens. Moreover, our research enriches the cognate studies on authoritarian leadership by empirically demonstrating that team authoritarian leadership may function as an double-edged sword of creative deviance in the R&D workplace. These above findings offer insightful thoughts to scholars in the field of authoritarian leadership and bring practical suggestions for team superiors who seek to implement best innovation practice.

Coupling Coordination of the Regional Economy, Tourism Industry, and the Ecological Environment: Evidence from Western China

The economic–tourism–environment (ETE) is a complex system with extensive connotations and coupling characteristics. The exact understanding of these systems forms the prerequisite and basis for regional development. This study explores the impact of the coupling coordination of the ETE system on the level and influencing factors of sustainable development in western China. An evaluation index system has been developed for assessing the coupling coordination (CC) of the ETE system based on the context of 12 provinces and cities in western China. Entropy and spatial autocorrelation methods have been used to evaluate the comprehensive benefit value and influencing factors of the ETE systems in the region. The spatial Durbin model has been used to assess empirical data from 2010–2019. The coupling coordination degree (CCD) of each subsystem was used as the main explanatory variable to quantify the spatial spillover effect. The research results show that the ETE system of the provinces and cities in western China have a strong correlation. The three subsystems interact, restrict, and promote each other, operating together in contradictory unity. The degree of coupling and coordination of the ETE systems are mainly stable but fluctuate from the time perspective. From the spatial perspective, the level of coupling and coordination have clear spatial correlation and spatial dependence. However, since 2013, the spatial dependence has significantly weakened, indicating that the level of coupling coordination is moving towards a balanced direction. The ETE subsystems not only promote the improvement of the coupling coordination of the region itself, but also optimize the coupling coordination of neighboring areas. The promotion effect of each subsystem on the degree of self-coupling and coordination is greater than the promotion effect on neighboring areas.

Regularities and Principles of Training the Students for Future Professional Activities

One of the most important results of the process of training students for future professional activity is the desired level of formation of their professional thinking. Thinking is a rational level and a way of forming cognitive, evaluative and practical actions. The peculiarity of this method is in the orientation of the subject to the objectivity, universality and productivity.
 The approach to the concept of professional thinking as a special type of spiritual activity leads the researcher to work out the principle of monism of existence and thinking, and thus allows the derivation of forms of human spiritual activity from the laws of the material world, social practice, labor, social relations.
 Training is performed on the basis of objective laws, according to which the class managers and those who study coordinate their actions. Education is a process of contradictory unity of reproductive and productive educational-cognitive activities of students.
 Due to the fact that education involves the development of participants, it covers learning situations in which students study to master and manage the ways of professional productive activity.
 Education – is a process of transition of a degree of educational-cognitive independence of participants of the classes into the quality of their material mastering.
 This regularity draws attention to the existence of a connection between the educational-cognitive independence of the lessons participants and the quality of their material mastering. If the teacher evaluates only the results of the students’ actions as such, ignoring the fact that the class participant has no knowledge, skills, thus – he is wrong. The students must be given the opportunity to make up lost ground, enrich their fund with the new experience, inspire confidence in success.
 The subject distinctness of the professional thinking is that the subject of work (occupation, business) “dictates” the way it is understood, i.e., knowledge of the material becomes a form of thinking. When studying the impact of technology on the human consciousness, we should not only talk about the coincidence of the forms of objects with the forms of thinking, but definitely highlight the unity of professional actions and the logic of professional thinking.

INSTITUTIONAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF LABOR FORCE REPRODUCTION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF POSITIVE AND NORMATIVE APPROACHES

The article shows that the traditional opposition of positive and normative approaches to each other is incorrect, since in reality the positive (positive) approach is opposed to the negative (negative) approach. The normative approach in the field of economics is in contradictory unity with the real measure of economic processes as their subjective, regulatory side associated with the establishment of rules of economic activity.
 As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the reproduction of the commodity form of labor force as a whole includes four types: a) the production of goods through goods, b) the production of people through people, c) the production of knowledge through knowledge, and d) the production of man himself as human capital.
 In the modern economy, a complex two-way process, which, on the one hand, frees workers from performing heavy and routine operations, and, on the other hand, creates prerequisites for changing the target function of the economy, its real measure: that is, the transition from the production of material wealth to the production of their own human wealth associated with human capital.
 The development of human capital based on the growth of labor potential and the complexity of the work performed is a kind of “demand of the time” and involves the revival of the institution of labor rationing in the broadest sense, including both economic and institutional aspects.

Reflections on an academic life

David Harvey traces his intellectual journey reflecting on what he calls “the central animating theme of his thinking” starting from his days as a positivist geographer and the publication of Explanation. Harvey clarifies that his transition from Explanations to Social Justice, which has often been touted as a radical-epistemological break in his work should actually be seen as a complimentary productive tension. In making this transition, Harvey decided to reject the scientific orthodoxy of positivist science and instead, use dialectics derived from Marx as alternative mode of scientific inquiry. Harvey narrates his Baltimore experience of combatting local racial discrimination as formative in his understandings of the motions of capital and dynamics of uneven development thus imbricating personal politics and Marx's theory of capitalism in his work ever after. Harvey also recalls how teaching of Capital furthered his exploration of the urban condition and accumulation of capital, ultimately leading to the concept of “spatial fix.” Conditions of Postmodernity contends Harvey, taught him the importance of gender and feminist perspective and Justice, Nature written under extreme physical, professional, intellectual duress was intended to bring the “metabolic relation to nature” at the forefront. Economic liberalism propelled Harvey to introspect on his many volumes on the global neoliberal conditions, which he argues is now imbricated with issues of identity and intersectionality involving Black Lives and Me too. Harvey concludes that his intellectual journey has been a preoccupation to understand “contradictory unity between social relations in constant transformation” through Marx's power of abstraction to imagine an “anti-capitalist” future.

Constitution of police sciences in the Slovak Republic

Constitution of police sciences in the Slovak Republic

SOCIAL FEELING AS A SPIRITUAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PHENOMENON

Article is devoted to one of the central problem of the modern world - problem of socialization. According to conception of well-known philosophers A. Adler, S.L. Frank, C.H. Cooley author considered psychological and philosophical approaches to the problem of social feeling. Author demonstrated concept of social feeling in connection with other categories of social theory. It has paid specific attention to the issue of forming social “self” as contradictory unity of will to power and desire for understanding, support. The philosophical point of view concerning the “I - you” connection as the basis of “I”. The main conclusion of article is the connection social and religious aspects in understanding of forming personality. It is also concluded that successful adherence to social standards of behavior, as well as orientation to cultural values and ideas, helps individuals to implement their program, build social ties of friendship, love and cooperation.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ ВИМІР ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-ЦИФРОВОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ: ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-ЦИФРОВІ ПРОЦЕСИ ТА ЇХ АТРИБУТИ

Пізнавальну діяльність та її види – чуттєво-емоційну, емпірико-абстрактну, теоретико-абстрактну, прикладну та інтегрально-синтетичну – подано як суперечливу єдність дискретизуючої та кретизуючої складових. Охарактеризовано супутню інформаційно-цифрову дискретизуючу діяльність і супутню інформаційно-цифрову кретизуючу діяльність як складові супутньої інформаційно-цифрової діяльності, їх окремі атрибути, а також результати – основні види дискретно-цифрових матеріалізованих похідних інформаційних продуктів. Розглянуто головні послідовно-паралельні технічні, технологічні та техніко-технологічні процеси обробної супутньої інформаційно-цифрової діяльності: 1) перетворення дискретного матеріалізованого похідного інформаційного продукту в дискретно-цифровий матеріалізований похідний інформаційний продукт шляхом оцифровки в аналогово-цифровому перетворювачі; 2) власне виробництво дискретно-цифрових матеріалізованих похідних інформаційних продуктів з використанням дискретно-цифрової електронно-обчислювальної машини; 3) перетворення дискретно-цифрового матеріалізованого похідного інформаційного продукту в аналоговий матеріалізований похідний інформаційний продукт у цифро-аналоговому перетворювачі. Визначено склад знаннєво-інформаційного ланцюга проміжних ланок між реальним об'єктом та його фінально-поверхневим позначенням: «Реальний об'єкт – знаннєвий продукт – знаннєво-інформаційний продукт – знаннєво-понятійний продукт – первинний інформаційний продукт – похідний інформаційний продукт – матеріалізований похідний інформаційний продукт – дискретний матеріалізований похідний інформаційний продукт – дискретно-цифровий матеріалізований похідний інформаційний продукт». Виокремлено чотири роди інформаційно-цифрової економіки. Її ядро, або інформаційно-цифрова економіка I роду, представлене виключно супутньою інформаційно-цифровою діяльністю, її видами й атрибутами. Інформаційно-цифрова економіка II роду включає інформаційно-цифрову економіку I роду і виробництво атрибутів супутньої інформаційно-цифрової діяльності як у рамках інформаційної економіки, так і за її межами. Інформаційно-цифрова економіка II роду разом з інформаційною і неінформаційною економічною діяльністю, атрибутами якої є дискретно-цифрові матеріалізовані похідні інформаційні продукти, утворює інформаційно-цифрову економіку III роду. Нарешті, в інформаційно-цифровій економіці IV роду, поряд з інформаційно-цифровою економікою III роду, представлено складові всіх видів економічної діяльності, в яких використовується хоча б один з атрибутів супутньої інформаційно-цифрової діяльності.