Contract Period Research Articles

Analysis of consumer preferences for community solar programs using choice experiment

Many countries are actively promoting a community solar program, which is a community energy program centered on solar photovoltaic power generation, as a public participation-type energy policy. In this study, we analyze the preferences of potential participants in community solar programs from the perspective of policymakers to identify public acceptance and draw policy implications. As a methodology, the choice experiment with a stated preference method is used to analyze the preferences on the individual attributes of community solar energy in terms of business model targeting Korean who are the potential participants. Furthermore, we observed the homogeneity of preferences within each group and the heterogeneity of preferences between groups by dividing the groups based on the latent class model estimation. The results of this study show that the attributes of the community solar program, such as the operating agent, contract period, expected return, and participatory management, have a significant impact on the acceptance of potential consumers, and that there are clear differences between potential classes. The results can be used as basic data for the community energy projects and can contribute to designing succecesful energy policies not only for Korea but also for governments of other countries pursuing carbon neutrality.

The Impact Of Economic Contraction On The Financing Collectability Of Islamic Banking In Indonesia

The COVID-19 pandemic affected Indonesia's economic growth, which experienced a contraction in the first and second quarters of 2020. This study examines how economic contraction affects the collectability of Islamic banking in Indonesia, period for 2019: IV - 2020: II. The measurement of financial collectability is based on non-performing financing (NPF). The research data source comes from secondary data in publications from the Central Statistics Agency (CSA) and the Financial Services Authority (FSA). Data analysis uses descriptive statistics with the help of percentages, growth, and graphs. The results indicated that the economic contraction significantly impacted the decline in Islamic banking performance, as evidenced by an increase in NPF. The NPF increase occurs in all debtor groups: MSMEs, non-MSMEs, and households (consumption financing). The collectability of financing is separate from the area where COVID-19 spreads; where DKI Jakarta, East Java, and West Java are in the top five highest COVID-19 cases, they have better financing collectability than other provinces. Based on economic sectors, only mining and quarrying did not experience an increase in the NPF during the economic contraction period. These findings show differences with the growth-led finance paradigm. Regions that experience high cases of COVID-19 infection have better financing collectability. The practical implication of these findings is the importance of coordinating macro prudential policies with others, such as fiscal and actual sector policy, in encouraging the resilience of MSMEs, including managing the collectability of financing during economic contraction periods.

Diversification of Camphorosmeae (Amaranthaceae s.l.) during the Miocene-Pliocene aridification of inland Australia

The Australian Camphorosmeae represent a monophyletic lineage that diversified to include ca. 150 spp. across 12 genera, and populate large parts of arid Australia. Tracking the origin and spread of this ancestrally salt and drought tolerant lineage provides additional evidence about the timing of the evolutionary history and phylogenetic assembly of arid habitats in Australia. Using a customized RADseq approach, sequence data for 104 species of the Australian Camphorosmeae representing all 12 genera were generated and included in phylogenetic and dating analyses. Furthermore, habitat type occurrences and preferences of species and clades were recorded. As suspected, the characters used to delimit current Australian Camphorosmeae genera do not support monophyletic groups, as phylogenetic analyses yielded 17 statistically supported clades across a large Maireana grade and crown radiation of Sclerolaena. The diversification of Australian Camphorosmeae is clearly linked to landscape changes and emerging new habitat types in arid Australia since the ancestral element likely arrived from temperate semi-arid to arid parts of continental Eurasia in the Middle Miocene. Migration was likely multidirectional and followed a west-to-east aridification. Crown group diversification was strongest during the Pliocene and likely promoted by the west-to-east expansion of Riverine Desert habitats and subsequent expansion and colonization of newly developing arid habitats. Rapid range expansion, fast habitat saturation, as well as periodic expansion, contraction and replacement of arid habitats, may have caused the rather species-poor clades of the earlier-divergent Maireana grade, compared to the continuously diversifying Sclerolaena clade.

Optimal maintenance policy design considering learning effects under successive performance-based contracts

Successive short-term performance-based contracts (PBCs) would not only drive the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) to improve maintenance service quality, but also decrease the financial burdens of the equipment owner. This paper presents the optimal maintenance policy incorporating both preventive maintenance (PM) and upgrade actions for continuously monitored degrading equipment under successive short-term PBCs. The improvement factor model is adopted to characterize the impact of the PM and upgrade actions. We also consider that the OEM’s learning effects will affect the cost and duration of the PM, as well as the upgrade cost. The learning effect increases as the period of the contract accumulates. To characterize the varied equipment production and degradation rates across different PBC periods, a Wiener process with covariates is developed. Meanwhile, we assume that the reward and penalty parameters of the performance-based revenue function varied each contract period, thus motivating the OEM to enhance the equipment availability. Based on that, the optimal maintenance plan for each contract period is determined to maximize the OEM’s expected net profit. Numerical examples show the superiority and examine the sensitivity of the proposed successive short-term PBCs. Managerial insights are also given to guide the implementation of the proposed maintenance policy.

The liability of outsiderness: professional interim managers and their on-the-job challenges

PurposeOrganisations increasingly rely on professional interim managers (PIMs), i.e. independent contractors who perform managerial work. These managers, who are usually very experienced and skilled, could help organisations drastically improve their performance. However, research has found that they often fail to do so, indicating that PIMs face unique on-the-job challenges that challenge their capability to be effective managers. In the study reported in this paper, I explored PIMs’ on-the-job challenges and how they overcome them. To better understand the various on-the-job challenges, I developed the concept of the liability of outsiderness.Design/methodology/approachI applied an exploratory approach and conducted 32 interviews with 21 PIMs.FindingsI uncovered three on-the-job challenges common and unique to PIMs – communicating the contract status and contract period, being quick off the mark and attaining power – and the ways they overcome these challenges.Practical implicationsThis paper reports findings and theory that provide several valuable guidelines for practitioners involved with interim management.Originality/valueInterim management has received little scholarly attention despite its increasing relevance. Empirical research, particularly on PIMs in executive positions, is lacking. This leaves us with little evidence to base our theories and guidelines for interim management. The study reported in this paper adds novel insights to an under-researched but important field of management. The study also introduces the liability of outsiderness concept, which holds much promise for future studies of interim management.

The chromosome-scale reference genome for the pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) provides insights into their evolutionary and demographic history.

The pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) is an ecologically, economically, and culturally relevant member of the family Sparidae, playing crucial roles in the marine food webs of the western Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. Despite their high abundance and ecological importance, there is a scarcity of genomic resources for this species. We assembled and annotated a chromosome-scale genome for the pinfish, resulting in a highly contiguous 785 Mb assembly of 24 scaffolded chromosomes. The high-quality assembly contains 98.9% complete BUSCOs and shows strong synteny to other chromosome-scale genomes of fish in the family Sparidae, with a limited number of large-scale genomic rearrangements. Leveraging this new genomic resource, we found evidence of significant expansions of dietary gene families over the evolutionary history of the pinfish, which may be associated with an ontogenetic shift from carnivory to herbivory seen in this species. Estimates of historical patterns of population demography using this new reference genome identified several periods of population growth and contraction which were associated with ancient climatic shifts and sea level changes. This genome serves as a valuable reference for future studies of population genomics and differentiation and provides a much-needed genomic resource for this western Atlantic sparid.

Study of Self-Excited Thermomechanical Oscillator with Shape Memory Alloys

In this paper, a new type of self-excited thermomechanical oscillator containing an oscillating shape memory alloy (SMA) filament with two symmetrically arranged spheres is investigated. The self-excitation of the oscillations is due to a heater of constant temperature, which causes periodic contractions of the filament when it approaches it. The contracted filament moves away from the heater a distance sufficient to cool it. Under the action of the weight of the spheres, the cooled filament re-approaches the heater, causing the above processes to repeat periodically. On the basis of experimental studies, approximating functions of the heater’s heat field distribution are derived. A dynamic model of the oscillator has been created, in which the minor and major hysteresis in the SMA alloy and the distribution of the heat field around the heater have been taken into account. Through numerical solutions of the differential equations, the laws of motion of the spheres are obtained. The displacements of the spheres in two perpendicular directions were measured using an experimental system. The obtained experimental results validate the proposed dynamic model and its assumptions with a high degree of confidence. Conclusions are drawn about the stochastic nature of the oscillations due to the hysteresis properties of the SMA and the temperature variation of the natural frequency of the oscillating system.

Coping with unforeseen circumstances: the COVID-19 crisis and bus contract renegotiation in Sweden

In principle, competitively tendered contracts in Swedish public bus transport are not supposed to be renegotiated during the contract period. In practice, it happens quite frequently. The need for renegotiations became evident during the COVID-19 crisis. This external shock to the system was unusually strong. Demand for bus services dropped abruptly, affecting revenues of procuring authorities and, depending on contract type, also bus operators. To make the situation even worse, costs typically remained constant, as frequent services were supposed to be upheld to avoid the spreading of the virus in crowded buses. Contract renegotiations during the COVID-19 crisis were clearly caused by unexpected exogenous events. Contracts with passenger incentives, linking a substantial part of compensation to the number of passengers, have been more likely to be renegotiated than gross-cost contracts, which were easier to adjust to the drop in demand. Typically, renegotiations were triggered by operators. While being a pragmatically rational response to an extreme situation, the renegotiations and their outcome may not in all cases have been compliant with the legal framework for public procurements, even when taking into account the exemptions made possible by the framework. In cases where passenger incentive contracts have been transformed into gross-cost contracts it could be argued that the nature of the contract has been changed. A new tender should then probably have been performed instead, although this has not been tried in court. The COVID-19 crisis could have long-term impact on contracts and procurements in the industry, affecting how effective competition will be in future tenders. For now, gross-cost contracts seem to be the norm, and it is possible that passenger-incentive contracts will become less common overall. One way to handle unexpected events with profound impact could be to include so-called threat-points that trigger renegotiation of a contract.

Accelerating the transition to zero-emissions ferries

This study investigates how the authorities in Norway have managed to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the ferry sector by implementing a strategic tendering process for domestic ferry services. The study was conducted using interviews and document analysis. The authorities used competitive dialogue to implement zero-emissions technology in the procurement process, rendering the tender process and contract period longer than traditional tenders. The authorities’ first competitive environmental bid process was announced in 2011, and all new ferry tenders are now based on hybrid or zero-emissions technology. The authorities employed push and pull strategies to advance a successful green transition in ferry operations. These measures have led to a significant reduction in GHG emissions from this transport sector but an increase in investment costs compared with traditional diesel ferries. How the authorities used the tender system to make ferry transport more environmentally friendly is useful knowledge for others with similar objectives.

Behavioral and metabolic markers of cow morbidity in early lactation

The high productivity of cows on modern dairy farms means that their bodies are used almost at full capacity. Even minor violations in the conditions of keeping or feeding can lead to a significant increase in the morbidity of animals. In such conditions, preventive veterinary medicine is the main task of a veterinarian. In practice, preventing the development of the disease means the veterinarian's ability to predict the occurrence of a problem, identify its cause in time and offer preventive measures. The purpose of this work was to get acquainted with behavioral and metabolic markers for predicting morbidity in cows during early lactation. According to the methodology for systematic reviews of the literature, a search and analysis of scientific articles according to the topic of the study, which were published during 2000–2023, was carried out. To search for scientific articles, the scientometric databases of the Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed were used. Analysis of the study of behavioral and metabolic markers of morbidity in cows during early lactation showed the significant relevance of the problem for dairy farming. A significant number of scientific articles are devoted to the study of this issue. A significant amount of the results of scientific research has practical significance and is used in production. The other part serves as a basis for the formation of new substantiated scientific hypotheses. This gives reason to believe that solving the problem of timely diagnosis and prevention of cow diseases during the transition period is a matter of the near future. Certain physiological and behavioral parameters (duration of chewing and feeding, time of rest and motor activity, social interaction) during the dry period can be important indicators of metabolic changes or diseases in cows at the beginning of lactation. The accuracy of forecasting with the help of such parameters increases with the increase in the duration of the study and the number of indicators used. Physiological and behavioral parameters recorded by automated milking systems can be successfully used to diagnose and predict health problems of dairy cows. Further research in this field is an important challenge for veterinary science. An increase in the time spent in a lying position, the number of periods of rest and agonistic contractions per day, a decrease in the duration of chewing, feeding and motor activity, especially in the last trimester of pregnancy, are associated with an increased likelihood of transition period diseases (ketosis, abomasum displacement, reproductive disorders, etc.). The study of behavioral and metabolic markers of morbidity in cows during early lactation proved the significant relevance of the problem for dairy farming. A significant number of scientific articles are devoted to the study of this issue. We believe that solving the problem of timely diagnosis and prevention of cow diseases during the transition period is an important task of veterinary medical science today.

Preclinical Evaluation of Paederia foetida leaves for Burn Wound Healing Activity

The leaves of Paederia foetida are commonly used in folk remedies to treat various types of wounds, especially burn wounds. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Paederia foetida on experimentally induced burn wound in rats and compare the effects with known wound healing agents, Silverex ointment and Aloe veragel. An appropriate gel formulation was chosen for topical application in this burn wound model. Animals treated with Paederia foetida leaves extract showed significant reduction in period of epithelialization and wound contraction 50% as compare to control and produced comparable effect as compare to Silverex ointment and Aloe vera gel. From the study It was concluded that Paederia foetida leaves extract applied topically (2.5% and 5% gel formulation) possesses burn wound healing activity.

A contract period optimization model for shared water saving management contract based on win-win

Aiming at the contract period of Shared Water Saving Management Contract (WSMC), this paper establishes a contract period optimization model based on win-win. Firstly, the water-saving investment and revenue are modeled as stochastic processes considering the fluctuation of uncertain variables such as operation and maintenance cost, water-saving amount and water price. Secondly, the profits of the water owner and Water-Saving Service Company (WSCO) are portrayed separately based on the WSMC market service mechanism. Then, the contract period model is constructed by minimizing the difference between the NPV of the two parties involved in the project as a constraint. Finally, the model is applied to two real cases, where the optimized contract period is 9 years in Case 1 and 12 years in Case 2. In addition, several variables affecting the model are analyzed, allowing the model to expand its applicability.

Dispute Causes Analysis Using Analytical Hierarchy Process for Capstone Projects

Abstract: A disagreement, conflict, or subjective matter that leads to a legal process is termed as a dispute. The likelihood of a dispute arising in a loosely framed large scale construction project is high, which has an impact on project progress and can be considered a type of project risk. When different parties associated with the project are unable to resolve the disputes arising during the contract period it can be resolved by applying Alternate Dispute Resolution (ADR) technique which includes Arbitration, Litigation, Mediation and Conciliation. There are several types of construction disputes in construction projects like price escalation claim, change of work order claim, extra item claim, variation claim, loss of profit claim, delay claim which can be differentiate in various categories of dispute causes.

습지보호지역의 지정에 따른 보상과 생태계서비스지불제 계약

The Wetland Conservation Act was enacted in 1999 as an implementation law of the Ramsar Convention to efficiently conserve and manage wetlands that are a treasure trove of biodiversity and have the function of purifying pollutants. Designation of wetland protection areas and restrictions on activities under the Wetland Conservation Act are inevitable regulations to achieve the public interest purpose of wetland conservation, but since a significant portion of Korea's inland wetlands are private land, it creates the problem of restrictions on the exercise of ownership rights for land owners. The Wetlands Conservation Act only recognizes the provision of compensation for losses suffered due to wetland surveys and the right to claim purchase by land owners. However, it is appropriate for Korea's Wetland Conservation Act to also establish a new regulation that recognizes claims for compensation in cases where land cannot be used for its original purpose due to designation as a wetland protection area or when the owner incurs property loss due to restrictions on land use.
 There is a need to expand the introduction of economic incentive policies that have the effect of improving the efficiency of environmental conservation policies or promoting innovation based on the voluntariness of economic actors. The introduction of the contract of payment for ecosystem service under the Biodiversity Act, which took effect in 2020, has the purpose of shifting the paradigm of environmental conservation from regulation-centered to incentive-based. In order for the contract of payment for ecosystem service to be activated in the future, supplementation or expansion is necessary in terms of contract recipients, contract target area, target business type, and contract period. Private landowners within wetland protection areas can alleviate or supplement problems such as restrictions on land ownership by signing an contract of payment for ecosystem service to create and manage wetlands and receive compensation. However, since this is a factual problem and not a fundamental legal solution, provisions such as compensation should be enacted in the Wetland Conservation Act.
 In addition, wetland conservation and management can be strengthened through contract of payment for ecosystem service, so active use of this is necessary. Since the limitations of wetland conservation management under the Wetland Conservation Act can be supplemented through contract of payment for ecosystem services under the Biological Diversity Act, there is a need to actively utilize contract of payment for ecosystem service. The contract of payment for ecosystem service can efficiently conserve and manage wetlands based on cooperation and active management activities with land owners.

Electromyographic activity of pelvic floor muscles in different positions during the use an innovative vaginal educator: Cross-sectional study.

The pelvic floor requires an integrated anatomical structure owing to its multiple functions. Therefore, it is necessary to study methods for improving muscle recruitment during training. This study aimed to analyze the effect of using an innovative vaginal trainer on the bioelectrical activity of the pelvic floor muscles. Pelvic positioning and interference factors, such as age, childbirth, sexual activity, urinary incontinence, and menopause, were also analyzed. A cross-sectional study assessed 30 women using an evaluation form, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form, and surface electromyography. The root mean square of a 5-second contraction period, peak root mean square values, area values, % maximal voluntary contraction (root mean square normalized by peak signal), and median frequency were collected. These findings with and without the use of a vaginal educator were compared in the anteversion, neutral, and retroversion pelvic positions. The use of a vaginal educator was found to increase the electromyographic activity of the pelvic floor muscles in the neutral position. In this position, older women showed an increased peak contraction when using the educator. Multiparas also benefited from increased bioelectric activity (root mean square and area). Sexually active women increased their bioelectric activity in a neutral position when using the trainer, exerting less effort in retroversion (%-maximal voluntary contraction). Incontinent and menopausal women exhibited slower body-building activation (decreased frequency) with the device, which requires further investigation. Our innovative biofeedback device induced greater recruitment of muscle fibers, is more effective in the neutral pelvic position, and may be effective in training the pelvic floor muscles, even in women with a greater tendency toward pelvic floor dysfunction.

Investigation Effect of Aloe Vera in Fresh Gel Form on Rabbit’s Model Wound

Background: Aloe is plant possessing a great therapeutic potential in folk medicine in Yemen namely Aloe vera used as a multipurpose skin treatment.
 Objective: Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of topical Aloe vera gel in fresh form on the wound healing of rabbit model in comparison with Moist Exposed Wound Ointment (MEBO) .
 Methods: The experimental animals as models of excision wounds that were classified into four groups. The 1st group was not treated as a control, the 2nd group was treated with a placebo (petroleum gel), the 3rd group was treated with Mebo as drug standard, and the 4th group was treated with Aloe vera gel in fresh form. This study was carried out in Sana’a city during the period of three weeks. The healing parameters were epithelization period (scar fall day) and percentage of wound contraction (%) and the data obtained were analyzed.
 Results: The results showed that the significant difference between study group (p < 0.05) and the effect of this plant on an increase in the percentage (%) of wound contraction was better than the standard drug (Mebo) group and other groups. On the other mean, on the 16th day, the percentage of wound contraction of the treated group with Aloe vera was 100 % while in the treated group with Mebo was 97.6%. In addition, in placebo and control groups were 76.6 % and 73.8 %, respectively.
 Conclusion: Finally, from these findings, it could be concluded that the application of Aloe vera gel in topically administered to an open wound induces significant wound contraction and accelerates wound healing and this herbal may be a promising medication for open wounds.

Bouncing universe scenario in f(Q,T) gravity model

In this paper, we investigate the bouncing universe in a modified gravity model [Formula: see text]. The bouncing universe theory posits that the universe goes through periodic expansions and contractions, with a “bounce” occurring at the end of each contraction that leads to a new expansion. This theory suggests that our universe didn’t emerge on its own out of nothing, but is instead the latest in a series of universes that have been expanding and contracting for eternity. It has gained renewed interest in recent years as a potential alternative to the Big Bang theory, which suggests that our universe began with a massive expansion from a singularity. According to the above explanations, first, we review of [Formula: see text] gravity model, then the bouncing universe scenario according to the [Formula: see text] gravity model in some special functions is analyzed in detail. We find that in which condition of parameters space, bouncing occurs.

High-Energy Pacing in the Jejunum Elicits Pulsatile Segmental Contractions.

Compromised bowel function is associated with a range of motility disorders such as post-operative ileus and chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Disordered or weak motility compromise the efficient movement of luminal contents necessary for digestion and nutrient absorption. This study investigated the potential of high-energy pacing to enhance contractions in the proximal jejunum of the small intestine. Pacing pulse parameters (pulse-width: 100 ms, 200 ms, 400 ms, pulse-amplitude: 4 mA, 6 mA, 8 mA) were systematically varied in the in vivo porcine jejunum (n = 7) and the induced contractile responses were evaluated using a video mapping system. Localized segmental contractions were quantified by measuring the intestinal diameter and thereby computing the strain. The impact of pacing parameters on contractile strain was investigated. Finally, histological studies were conducted on paced tissue to assess for potential tissue damage. Segmental contractions were successfully induced at all pulse-settings and evaluated across 67 pacing sessions. In response to pacing, the intestine segment at the site of pacing contracted, with diameter reduced by 6-18%. Contractile response significantly increased with increasing pulse-amplitude. However, with increasing pulse-width, the increase in contractile response was significant only between 100 ms and 400 ms. Histology showed no tissue damage occurred when maximal pacing energy (pulse-amplitude = 4-8 mA, pulse-width = 400 ms, 5 minute duration) was applied. High-energy pacing induced periodic segmental contractions in response to pacing pulses and the contractile strain was proportional to the energy applied on the intestine. The ability to enhance motility through pacing may hold promising therapeutic potential for bowel disorders and awaits clinical translation. Small intestine pacing elicits localized segmental contractions which increase in magnitude with increasing pulse settings. This study marks the first adaptation of video mapping techniques to track the pacing response in the small intestine.

There are alternatives. Models for sustainable employment structures in the German system of higher education.

The German system of higher education and public research is characterized by a high rate of temporary contracts with short contract durations and a nearly complete absence of structured career options. About 82% of employees not holding a full professorship have fixed-term contracts, with an average contract period of 20 months. This is facilitated by a special fixed-term employment law (Wissenschaftszeitvertragsgesetz) which universities and other public research institutions have stretched to its limits. Against the background of a survey which we conducted in 2021 and whose results once more demonstrate the shortcomings of this system, we discuss alternative options in the form of model calculations. We propose a reform of employment structures and career paths that could improve not only personal working conditions but also ensure the quality of research and teaching in German academia. By quantitative comparison with the current employment situation, our model calculation demonstrates that plannable career decisions can be enabled at an early stage without changing budgets or teaching duties. We also show that the counter argument of a "congestion" of positions is not substantiated, and that young scholars will still have the opportunity to start a career in the reformed system, while the total number of employees can be kept nearly constant.

Costus speciosus leaf and seed extracts for wound healing: a comparative evaluation using mice excision wound models

BackgroundThe present study investigated the potential wound healing activity comparisons between ethanol leaf & seed extracts of Costus speciosus topical formulation using mice Excision wound models, compared to Neomycin sulphate ointment as a standard drug. To assess the efficacy of Costus speciosus ointment as a potential alternative to commercially available ointments, a study was conducted using a cohort of 16 healthy male mice, aged between 3 and 4 months. The ointment formulation was prepared utilizing ethanol extracts from both the leaves and seeds, presented in a dosage form for application. This investigation seeks to provide insights into the comparative effectiveness of Costus speciosus ointments in relation to conventional market preparations, with a focus on its potential applicability as an alternative therapeutic option. The parameter measured was wound contraction and epithelization period.ResultThe mice groups treated with seed & leave extracts ointment showed better wound size changes than the negative and standard groups. However, the leaf extract ointment promotes the formation of granulation in tissue, allowing the reepithelization phase to occur more rapidly than seed extract. From the 1st day to the results of the 9th day of the extract indicate that there is a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the percentage of wound contraction in the group. After 21 days the wound was healed fully. These results suggest that ointment of ethanol leaf extract of Costus speciosus could be an answer to facilitate wound healing compared to seed extract, to approve the traditional claims of the plant in wound healing activity.ConclusionThe study concludes that ethanol leaf and seed extracts of Costus speciosus exhibit potential wound healing activity in mice excision wound models. The topical formulation of these extracts significantly enhances wound closure, reduces wound size, and increases tensile strength compared to the control group. The efficacy of the extracts is comparable to the standard drug, Neomycin sulphate ointment. Therefore, the use of Costus speciosus extracts in topical formulations can be considered a promising alternative for the treatment of wounds. However, further studies are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of these extracts in humans.