Continuous Transfer Research Articles

Guarding Digital Health: Deep Learning for Attack Detection in Medical IoT

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has transformed the healthcare sector by allowing for the continuous gathering, transfer, and analysis of medical data via networked devices.However, as IoMT has become more integrated into healthcare systems, it has been vulnerable to cybersecurity attacks, posing dangers to patient safety and data privacy. This study tackles the essential challenge of safeguarding the IoMT ecosystem by implementing cutting-edge deep learning approaches for threat identification and avoidance.Our study begins by looking at a variety of cyber risks that the IoMT faces, including as backdoors, DDoS assaults, MITM assaults, ransomware and SQL injections.These hostile operations may impair medical services and jeopardize critical med- ical data.To combat these risks, we offer a strong intrusion detection system, that constantly monitors the IoMT architecture for any unusual activity.The findings of this research contribute significantly to the development of a secure and resilient medical IoT ecosystem.The performance metrics of the proposed intrusion detection system, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 Score, were evaluated for four different models: CNN, Autoencoder, Transformer Network, and LSTM Network.The LSTM Network ex- hibited exceptional performance, achieving an accuracy of 97%, precision of 93%, recall of 96%, and an F1 Score of 94%.The compiled model, named Adam-LSTM, leverages the strengths of the Adam optimizer and LSTM architecture. Comparative anal- ysis with alternative algorithms demonstrated the superiority of the proposed approach in accurately and efficiently identifying intrusions.The IoMT can supply dependable healthcare services to patients while preserving their sensitive medical information by proactively securing digital health through deep learning-based threat detection.This study provides the groundwork for future breakthroughs in medical IoT cybersecurity solutions and promotes the idea of a smarter and safer healthcare landscape.

Role of four-phonon processes in thermal conductivity of two-dimensional materials and thermal-transport enhancement arising from interconnected nanofiller networks in polymer/nanofiller composites.

Recent research has shed light on the importance of four-phonon scattering processes in the thermal conductivity (k) of 2D materials. The inclusion of 4 phonon scattering processes from first-principles has been shown to lead to a thermal conductivity of ∼1290 W m-1 K-1 in graphene at 300 K, significantly lower than the values predicted to be in excess of 4000 W m-1 K-1 based only on 3 phonon scattering processes. Four phonon processes are shown to be most significant for flexural ZA phonon modes, where the reflection symmetry selection rule (RSSR) is less restrictive for 4-phonon than 3-phonon scattering processes. This combined with the low frequencies of ZA phonon modes, leading to high populations, leads to higher 4-phonon than 3-phonon scattering of low frequency ZA phonon modes in graphene at 300 K. In this review, the role of parameters such as atomic structure, phonon dispersion and temperature on 4-phonon scattering processes in a wide range of 2D materials is reviewed. Materials such as graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) have been extensively investigated for enhancement of the thermal conductivity of polymer composites. However, such enhancement is limited by the poor interfacial thermal conductance between the polymer and filler material. Interconnected filler networks overcome this issue through highly efficient continuous percolative heat transfer paths throughout the composite. Such 3D networks have been shown to enable ultra-high polymer thermal conductivities, approaching ∼100 W m-1 K-1, and even exceeding those of several metals. In this review, different techniques used to achieve such interconnected 3D filler networks, namely, aerogels, foams, ice-templating, expanded graphite, hot pressing of filler coated polymer particles, the synergistic effect between multiple fillers, and the stitching of filler sheets, are discussed and their impact on thermal conductivity enhancement are presented.

Continual Transfer Learning Assisted Digital Predistortion for Dynamic Nonlinearities of Active Phased Arrays

Continual Transfer Learning Assisted Digital Predistortion for Dynamic Nonlinearities of Active Phased Arrays

Edge-Based Real-Time Sensor Data Processing for Anomaly Detection in Industrial IoT Applications

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), which uses devices with sensors to provide real-time insights into crucial processes, has completely changed how industries function. However, there are many problems associated with the sheer volume and speed of data created in industrial environments, particularly when it comes to anomaly detection. The development of edge-based real-time sensor data processing techniques was required because traditional cloud-based solutions frequently experience latency problems and privacy issues. This study suggests a novel method for IIoT applications that focuses on processing sensor data at the edge, close to the data source, for anomaly identification. We offer real-time analysis of sensor data without the need for continuous data transfer to the cloud by utilising the processing capabilities of edge devices, such as industrial gateways and embedded systems. To find anomalies in streams of real-time sensor data, our methodology integrates data pre-processing, feature engineering, and machine learning algorithms. This strategy not only lessens the strain on the network's bandwidth but also ensures quick reaction to urgent situations, cutting downtime and boosting operational effectiveness. Proposed system has adaptive learning features that enable it to continuously adjust to altering ambient factors and sensor properties, enhancing the precision of anomaly detection over time. We provide experimental findings that show how our edge-based anomaly detection system performs well in diverse industrial situations. The results show that, while protecting data privacy and minimising latency, our methodology outperforms conventional cloud-based methods in terms of anomaly detection performance.

Continuous casting heat transfer model – The spray cooling control problem

In the steel industry, the continuous casting process is regarded as the second significant technical innovation after the advent of the oxygen steelmaking process. Prevailing thermal conditions are a dominant factor in the quality of the product. The common practice of spray control in which water flow in the sprays is proportional to the casting speed is inadequate to unsteady state conditions during speed changes. The objectives of the present study were twofold. The first was to study the basic principles of spray control. As a required tool, a mathematical model for the thermal field was developed. This model was to be used to simulate the temperature distribution in the strand. The second objective was to use these principles to develop a model for controlling the sprays. The thermal model has been used to analyze the effects of both practices on the surface temperature of the strand. The results have shown that a significant temperature fluctuation can be generated by proportional control and that the new control model realistically predicts the thermal requirements of the strand during changes in casting speed.

Body without Organs Model of Corporeality as a Productive Corporeal Paradigm in Steve Paxton’s Concept of Contact Improvisation

The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of postmodern dance through the prism of the concept "body without organs" and to analyse the defined model of corporeality as a productive bodily paradigm in S. Paxton's contact improvisation. Research methodology. The analytical, typological, historical and cultural method, the method of cultural analysis (to understand the cultural meanings of the "body without organs" model of corporeality, which are revealed and constructed by postmodern dance practices), the phenomenological method, which contributed to the understanding of dance as a special type of socio-culturally oriented bodily practices, were applied, as well as generalisation method. Scientific novelty. The concept of "body without organs" is studied in the theoretical works of A. Artaud, as well as within the framework of the philosophy of postmodern corporeality of J. Deleuze and F. Guattari; the question of the body and dance as a possible overcoming of its automatisms is considered. The concept of postmodern dance along the lines of the "body without organs" model was analysed and its features as a productive bodily paradigm in the paradigm of contact improvisation by S. Paxton was revealed. Conclusions. In accordance with the specifics of postmodernism, the concept of "body without organs" is positioned as the result of a meaningful application of the fundamental idea about the immanent creative potential of the rhizome (a decentralised semantic environment to the phenomenon of corporeality. In the dimension of postmodern dance, the "body without organs" model has become the most productive bodily paradigm in Steve Paxton’s contact improvisation. S. Paxton’s concept, within which contact improvisation is considered as a specific formation of "spherical space", the result of a change in spatial-kinaesthetic orientation within a short time, involves focusing on the boundaries of body space, understanding its inner essence in relation to external space, the birth of movement in the process communication. Like most postmodern dance practices, contact improvisation is not focused on the final result, but is focused on the continuity of the process and the transformation of the aesthetic experience. According to S. Paxton, sustained movement and spontaneous movement are the poles of the spectrum of possibilities that define his research, as technical dance provides a basis for thinking about improvisation – dance techniques provide information about how movement affects the structure of the body. The model of the "body without organs", which is not limited by any standards of movements, in a duet is revealed in a variety of relationships with the partner’s body. Both bodies balance on the rules of continuous contact, weight transfer, and balance to ultimately acquire newly formed capabilities. Keywords: corporeality, postmodernism, "body without organs" model, A. Artaud, J. Deleuze, F. Guattari, contact improvisation, S. Paxton.

The UN Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection (GESAMP) — An ocean science-policy interface standing the test of time

Addressing the wide range of marine pollution problems facing the global ocean requires a continual transfer of credible, relevant and timely scientific information to policy and decision makers in coastal and ocean management. The United Nations GESAMP (Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection) is a long-standing scientific advisory group providing such information on a wide range of marine topics and emerging issues of concern to ten UN Sponsoring Organizations. This paper presents an overview of GESAMPs operation and examples of its current work. The group's scientific output is often cited by national governments, inter-governmental groups, and a range of non-governmental groups. Given the growing concerns about ocean health and the impacts of many stressors in an era of climate change, the development of timely and effective ocean policy and decision making would benefit from wider recognition and application of GESAMPs work.

Design of PVA/multilayer hybrid particle composite aerogel skeleton supported form-stable phase change materials with high thermal conductivity and solar-to-thermal conversion efficiency

Phase change materials (PCMs) are considered to be promising energy storage materials, but the advanced utilization of PCMs is limited by liquid phase leakage, low thermal conductivity and poor solar-to-thermal conversion ability. Herein, inspired by the structure of nacre, we used boron nitride nanosheets (BNNs) coated with polydopamine (PDA)-modified tetrapod zinc oxide (T-ZnO) to prepare multilayered BNNs/PDA@T-ZnO hybridized particles (BPT), and then employed them to reinforce the PVA aerogel to obtain a BPT/PVA skeleton. Due to the robust support of T-ZnO substrate, BPT/PVA skeleton has ordered porous structure and excellent mechanical properties, with compressive strength up to 15.7 MPa. The prepared composite PCMs of polyethylene glycol (PEG) supported by BPT/PVA skeleton (PVA/BPTs/PEG) have good heat storage capacity, thermal conductivity and solar-to-thermal conversion efficiency. The rigid BPT/PVA skeleton endows PVA/BPTs/PEG with good shape stability and durability, whereas the melting enthalpy and crystallinity of PVA/BPT/PEG reach 139.0 J·g−1 and 99.6 %, respectively. The intermediate dopamine layer of BPT acted as an adhesive for BNNs and T-ZnO and excellent solar-to-thermal conversion medium, which cause the PVA/BPTs/PEG composites to have excellent solar-to-thermal conversion efficiency (95.2 %). Meanwhile, the thermal conductivity of PVA/BPTs/PEG reach 1.34 W·m−1·K−1, benefiting from the continuous 3D heat transfer path provided by the stacked BPT particles. Considering the outstanding overall performance, the prepared composite PCMs have the potential to be suitable for the application of high efficiency thermal management and solar energy utilization.

Vapor Nanobubbles around Heated Nanoparticles: Wetting Dependence of the Local Fluid Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Nucleation.

Plasmonic nanobubbles are composite objects resulting from the interaction between light and metallic nanoparticles immersed in a fluid. Plasmonic nanobubbles have applications in photothermal therapies, drug delivery, microfluidic manipulations, and solar energy conversion. Their early formation is, however, barely characterized due to the short time and length scales relevant to the process. Here, we investigate, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the effect of nanoparticle wettability on both the local fluid thermodynamics and the kinetics of nanobubble generation in water. We first show that the local onset temperature of vapor nucleation decreases with the nanoparticle/water interfacial energy and may be 100 K below the water spinodal temperature in the case of weak nanoparticle/water interactions. Second, we demonstrate that vapor nucleation may be slower in the case of weak water/nanoparticle interactions. This result, which is qualitatively at odds with the predictions of isothermal classical nucleation theory, may be explained by the competition between two antagonist effects: while, classically, hydrophobicity increases the vapor nucleation rate, it also penalizes interfacial thermal transfer, slowing down kinetics. The kinetics of heat transfer from the nanoparticle to water is controlled by the interfacial thermal conductance. This quantity turns out not only to decrease with the nanoparticle hydrophobicity but also drops down prior to phase change, yielding even longer nucleation times. Such conclusions were reached by considering the comparison between MD and continuous heat transfer models. These results put forward the role of nanoparticle wettability in the generation of plasmonic nanobubbles observed experimentally and open the path to the control of boiling using nanopatterned surfaces.

Synergistic Improvement of Dielectric and Thermal Conductivity Properties for Polymers Filled with Multifunctional Modified Nanowires.

Dielectric composites are widely used in power electronics, power systems, aerospace, and other fields due to their extremely high power density. However, if their energy density can be further increased, the application range will be greatly improved. Improving the dielectric constant of composites is one of the most effective ways to increase the energy density. In this study, a preparation method for copper calcium titanate nanowires (CCTO-NWs) with adjustable aspect ratio was investigated. Upon incorporation of these CCTO-NWs into the polymer matrix, the nanocomposites exhibit a significantly higher dielectric constant and a lower dielectric loss. In addition, a thin layer of Al2O3 with excellent thermal conductivity is coated on the surface of the CCTO-NWs to form a core-shell structure nanowire CCTO-NW@Al2O3. The introduction of the thermal conductive layer of Al2O3 not only creates a continuous heat transfer path within the dielectric composite, increasing the thermal conductivity of the composite from 0.11 W/(m·K) of pure HIPS to 1.12 W/(m·K), but also serves as a buffer layer between HIPS and CCTO-NWs, effectively alleviating the electric field distortion caused by the large difference in the dielectric constant between them, thereby optimizing the dielectric properties of the composite and reducing the dielectric permeability threshold from 30 to 20 vol %. This work provides an effective strategy for synergistically improving the dielectric constant and thermal conductivity of dielectric composites while also taking into account the good flexibility of polymer/ceramic nanocomposites.

FMDL: Federated Mutual Distillation Learning for Defending Backdoor Attacks

Federated learning is a distributed machine learning algorithm that enables collaborative training among multiple clients without sharing sensitive information. Unlike centralized learning, it emphasizes the distinctive benefits of safeguarding data privacy. However, two challenging issues, namely heterogeneity and backdoor attacks, pose severe challenges to standardizing federated learning algorithms. Data heterogeneity affects model accuracy, target heterogeneity fragments model applicability, and model heterogeneity compromises model individuality. Backdoor attacks inject trigger patterns into data to deceive the model during training, thereby undermining the performance of federated learning. In this work, we propose an advanced federated learning paradigm called Federated Mutual Distillation Learning (FMDL). FMDL allows clients to collaboratively train a global model while independently training their private models, subject to server requirements. Continuous bidirectional knowledge transfer is performed between local models and private models to achieve model personalization. FMDL utilizes the technique of attention distillation, conducting mutual distillation during the local update phase and fine-tuning on clean data subsets to effectively erase the backdoor triggers. Our experiments demonstrate that FMDL benefits clients from different data, tasks, and models, effectively defends against six types of backdoor attacks, and validates the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed approach.

Fast continuous patch-based artistic style transfer for videos

Fast continuous patch-based artistic style transfer for videos

An Ultrahigh‐Rectification‐Ratio WSe2 Homojunction Defined by High‐Efficiency Charge Trapping Effect

AbstractAlthough 2D material van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) exhibit many novel properties and applications, 2D homojunctions have unique advantages in interface lattice matching, band continuity, and charge transfer efficiency. However, the rectification performances of 2D homojunction diodes are severely limited by the small junction barrier, mainly due to inefficient charge doping. In this work, an ultrahigh‐rectification‐ratio WSe2 homojunction diode achieved by the semi‐floating gate doping of graphdiyne oxide (GDYO) is reported. Utilizing the WSe2/GDYO direct charge trapping mode can free the inhibition of charge capturing efficiency by removing conventional insulating barriers and thus improve the rectification ratio. The C─C(sp) and oxygen‐containing functional groups in the GDYO layer can provide outstanding charge‐trapping ability due to their unsaturation. Furthermore, the oxygen plasma treatment used for oxidizing graphdiyne (GDY) into GDYO can make GDYO a flatter surface, thus creating strong‐coupling WSe2/GDYO interfaces to improve the charge transfer efficiency and enhance the electrostatic doping effect. Besides, the WSe2/GDYO interfaces are confirmed to possess a higher junction barrier than that of the WSe2/GDY interfaces. This research proposes a brand‐new approach to building p–n junctions via charge trapping and the homojunction diode with a record‐highest rectification ratio of up to 106 is obtained.

Rapid Charge Transfer Enabled by Noncovalent Interaction through Guest Insertion in Supercapacitors based on Covalent Organic Frameworks.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been proposed for electrochemical energy storage, although the poor conductivity resulted from covalent bonds limits their practical performance. Here, we propose to introduce noncovalent bonds in COFs through a molecular insertion strategy for improving the conductivity of the COFs as supercapacitor. The synthesized COFs (MI-COFs) establish equilibriums between covalent bonds and noncovalent bonds, which construct a continuous charge transfer channel to enhance the conductivity. The rapid charge transfer rate enables the COFs to activate the redox sites, bringing about excellent electrochemical energy storage behavior. The results show that the MI-COFs exhibit much better performance in specific capacitance and capacity retention rate than those of most COFs-based supercapacitors. Moreover, through simply altering inserted guests, the mode and strength of noncovalent bond can be adjusted to obtain different energy storage characteristics. The introduction of noncovalent bonds is an effective and flexible way to enhance and regulate the properties of COFs, providing a valuable direction for the development of novel COFs-based energy storage materials.

Rapid Charge Transfer Enabled by Noncovalent Interaction through Guest Insertion in Supercapacitors based on Covalent Organic Frameworks

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been proposed for electrochemical energy storage, although the poor conductivity resulted from covalent bonds limits their practical performance. Here, we propose to introduce noncovalent bonds in COFs through a molecular insertion strategy for improving the conductivity of the COFs as supercapacitor. The synthesized COFs (MI−COFs) establish equilibriums between covalent bonds and noncovalent bonds, which construct a continuous charge transfer channel to enhance the conductivity. The rapid charge transfer rate enables the COFs to activate the redox sites, bringing about excellent electrochemical energy storage behavior. The results show that the MI−COFs exhibit much better performance in specific capacitance and capacity retention rate than those of most COFs‐based supercapacitors. Moreover, through simply altering inserted guests, the mode and strength of noncovalent bond can be adjusted to obtain different energy storage characteristics. The introduction of noncovalent bonds is an effective and flexible way to enhance and regulate the properties of COFs, providing a valuable direction for the development of novel COFs‐based energy storage materials.

Performance evaluation of sulfidated nanoscale iron for hexavalent chromium removal from groundwater in sequential batch study.

Chromium [Cr] contamination in groundwater is one of the serious environmental concerns due to the carcinogenicity of its water-soluble and mobile hexavalent [Cr(VI)] form. In spite of the existence of multiple precipitation and adsorption-based Cr(VI) remediation technologies, the usage of sulfidated nano zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) has recently attracted researchers due to its high selectivity. Although S-nZVI effectively immobilized Cr(VI), its long-term performance in multiple shifted equilibrium has not been explored. In this contribution, influences of S-nZVI dosage, initial concentration of Cr(VI), pH, ionic strength, total hardness, sulfate, carbonate, and silicate were probed in ultrapure water. Further experiments were performed in synthetic groundwater to investigate the effects of initial concentration of Cr(VI) in the pH range of 4-8 for 1g L-1 S-nZVI dosage. Cr(VI) removal rate was quantified in groundwater without pH fixation. Finally, a comparative study between conventional nano zerovalent iron (nZVI) and S-nZVI was conducted in sequential batch reactors to investigate their respective efficiencies during repeated usage. Mechanistic interpretation of the processes governing the immobilization of Cr(VI) was done by integrating the results of these experiments with the metadata. While aggregation due to magnetic properties and rapid oxidation of Fe decreased the efficiency of nZVI with repeated usage, sulfidation minimized the passivation and favored an extended reducing environment because of continuous electron transfer from iron and sulfur components.

Internationalization of Indonesian Language Towards World Language

The aim to be achieved in this study is to describe efforts to internationalize Indonesian for Indonesian citizens domiciled in the Netherlands. This research is categorized into descriptive research types. The population of this study is an entire Indonesian citizen domiciled in the Netherlands, especially in Denhag City and its surroundings. Data collection was carried out through the distribution of questionnaires to 20 respondents who became research samples, while data analysis was carried out using percentage techniques. The results showed that efforts to internationalize Indonesian in the Netherlands follow five aspects that cause a language to survive its speakers. First, it has a large number of speakers of the language; this was evident for Indonesian in the Netherlands. Second, language loyalty that encourages the people of a language to maintain their language, and if necessary prevent the influence of other languages; This can be seen from the frequency of Indonesian citizens using Indonesian, especially in the family and workplace environment. Third, language pride that encourages people to develop their language and use it as a symbol of community identity and unity; This can be proven clearly through various activities carried out by Indonesian citizens while still using Indonesian. Fourth, awareness of the norm that encourages people to use their language carefully and politely. Fifth, there is a continuous transfer of spoken language from the previous generation to the next; This has been proven by Indonesian citizens by getting used to the use of Indonesian in the household environment so that their sons and daughters can still speak Indonesian and fluent in Indonesian

Exploring the origin of wear in cemented carbides via molecular dynamics simulations

In this work, the experimentally observed tribological phenomena of WC-Co cemented carbides were interpreted on the atomic scale using molecular dynamics simulations. It was demonstrated that the friction-induced deformation was mainly coordinated by dislocations slip in both Co and WC phases, along with the local rotation of WC grains adjacent to the Co binder. The dislocation motion within the subsurface Co phase was crucial for the continuous transfer of stress across WC/Co interfaces. The fracture of WC grains, which frequently occurs in various friction processes, was found to result from interactions between the internal partial dislocations. This caused formation of atomic-scale micro-voids early at the intersection. Significantly higher tensile stress existed at the WC/WC grain boundaries, which resulted in a higher risk of intergranular cracking compared to that at the WC/Co interfaces during the friction process. The findings in the present study facilitate to understand the tribological behavior of a variety of cermet materials hence to improve their wear resistance.

Highly conductive diamond skeleton reinforced Cu-matrix composites for high-efficiency thermal management

The weak interfacial bonding strength between diamond and copper intrinsically restricts the enhancement of the thermal conductivity of diamond particles/copper composites (abbreviated as DP/Cu). This work first proposed the diamond skeleton (DS) as the reinforcement element rather than dispersed diamond particles. The tungsten (W) transition layer (c.a. ∼300 nm thick) having adequate thermal expansion coefficient was sputtered onto the surface of DS via vacuum evaporation technology, aiming to improve the wettability between diamond and copper and accordingly increase the thermal conductivity of DS/copper composites extruded by gas pressure infiltration technique. The experimental results show that the coated W layer can effectively improve the wettability of the diamond surface and reduce the wettability angle from 108.6° to 13.2°. Raman and XRD spectra show that the W layer can, to a great extent, prevent the graphitization of the diamond surface. SEM and EDX evidence a continuous heat transfer path of DS inside the composites. The thermal conductivity of the DS/Cu composite with low diamond loading of 18.4 vol% reaches 575 W/mK, 43.3% higher than that of pure Cu. Finite element simulations show that DS exhibits excellent heat transfer characteristics, agreeing well with the thermal conductivity simulation results.

Investigation on interphase mass transfer coefficient of a deformable bubble with density contrast using phase-field lattice Boltzmann method

The gas–liquid mass transfer process with density contrast is modeled in this paper using a phase-field Lattice Boltzmann (LB) method. In this method, the phase-field model used to calculate the flow field and the continuous species transfer model used to calculate the concentration distribution are coupled by introducing the divergence condition of the velocity in the presence of mass transfer into the Allen-Cahn equation. For a deformable bubble rising in stagnant liquid, a two-dimensional parameter dependence study is conducted and the results indicate that an increase in initial diameter, as well as a decrease in liquid diffusion coefficient or liquid viscosity, can improve the steady-state value for the Sherwood number, whereas the distribution coefficient has a little impact on this steady-state value. Furthermore, a correlation originally proposed by Takemura and Yabe (1998) modified with a shape factor can be used to predict the steady-state Sherwood number in the numerical results.