Continuous Process Research Articles

Два этапа развития автофикшн

The article examines the socio-literary phenomenon of “auto-fiction” as a continuous process, the study of which requires systematization of existing research and a more careful study of those which are not yet completed on its new stage of development of the phenomenon of “auto-fiction”. The article proposes to divide the history of autofiction development into two stages: “genre” and “ego-documentary”. The “ego-documentary stage” is examined in detail: identifying how changes in the perception of autobiography have influenced autofiction; identifying acquired egodocumentary features in autofiction; examining how ego-document researchers work with autofictional works; and suggesting the relationship between autofiction and photography in the context of the expanding form of autofictional works. The novelty of the study lies in the application of an interdisciplinary approach, thanks to which it becomes possible to study the reasons of changes in autofiction. This article is relevant due to the study of the modern phenomenon of autofiction and its wide field of application, since it can be used in the field of cultural studies, sociology, philology, psychology, philosophy and many others. The study shows that the perception of autofiction is radically different in the "genre" and "ego-documentary" stages of development, which justifies the division into stages; a direction for an even greater expansion of the concept of "autofiction", concerning both the form of the work and its content, is identified.

Implementation Strategies of the Independent Learning Curriculum in Achieving Character Education Competencies in Islamic Religious Education at School

The Independent Learning Curriculum is a new education system designed to provide freedom for students to develop their unique potential, both academically and personally. Unlike traditional curricula, which often limit the scope of learning to a predetermined structure, the Independent Learning Curriculum allows flexibility in teaching methods and learning outcomes. This study aims to describe the Implementation Strategy of the Independent Learning Curriculum in Achieving Character Education Competencies in Islamic Religious Education at School. This research uses a qualitative approach, specifically the literature study method. Various sources, including academic journals, books, and other scholarly works related to character education and the Independent Learning Curriculum, were reviewed to develop insights into strategies for achieving Islamic character education. The results of this study highlight the importance of integrating character education into all aspects of the curriculum. Effective strategies include incorporating moral and ethical lessons into all subjects, embedding character-building activities in intracurricular and extracurricular programs, and ensuring that teachers are role models through their behavior. In addition, the findings suggest that character education should be part of a long-term and continuous process that involves training and habituation, thus encouraging students to internalize noble values over time. The implications of this study are very important for schools that want to implement character education in the Independent Learning Curriculum. Schools should prioritize the development of a comprehensive character education strategy, which includes careful planning in the syllabus, lesson plans and in-school activities. In addition, educators should balance students' academic and moral development.

High-Flux Steady-State Demulsification of Oil-In-Water Emulsions by Superhydrophilic-Oleophobic Copper Foams with Ultra-Small Pores Under Pressure.

3D superwetting materials struggle to maintain high-flux steady-state demulsification for oil-in-water emulsions because the accumulated oil within the material is difficult to discharge rapidly. The water flow shear force can swiftly remove the oil from the anti-fouling surface. In this study, by introducing nanofibers and carbon nanotubes and chemical modification, a superhydrophilic-oleophobic copper foam with pores of several micrometers is prepared, which can achieve a continuous demulsification process with steady-state flux over 57000 Lm-2h-1 for oil-in-water emulsions and rapid hydraulic-driven oil release under an additional pressure of 5kPa. Thanks to the ultra-small pores of the copper foam, the steady-state demulsification efficiency can be still maintained at over 97.5%. During the demulsification process, the accumulation of oil and surfactants within the copper foam can be maintained at low levels, achieving dynamic equilibrium. With the aid of second-stage superhydrophilic copper mesh, the demulsified oil-water mixtures can be rapidly separated. This high-flux, steady-state, and efficient demulsification process shows great potential for industrial applications.

Implementing continuous improvement processes in oil and gas operations: A model for enhancing product service line performance

In the dynamic and highly competitive oil and gas industry, operational efficiency and performance are critical to sustaining growth and profitability. Continuous improvement processes are essential for enhancing Product Service Line (PSL) performance, driving operational excellence, and maintaining a competitive edge. This review presents a comprehensive model for implementing continuous improvement processes specifically tailored for the oil and gas sector, focusing on optimizing PSL performance. The proposed model integrates key principles of continuous improvement, including incremental changes, feedback loops, and iterative enhancements, within the context of the oil and gas industry's unique operational environment. It outlines a systematic framework for defining objectives, setting performance metrics, and identifying areas for improvement. The model emphasizes the importance of establishing a dedicated continuous improvement team, providing targeted training, and developing robust processes for ongoing monitoring and evaluation. The review highlights various tools and techniques, such as Lean principles, Six Sigma methodologies, and Root Cause Analysis (RCA), which are pivotal in identifying inefficiencies, reducing waste, and enhancing the overall quality of PSL operations. By incorporating these tools, organizations can achieve significant advancements in operational performance and cost-effectiveness. Case studies from industry leaders are examined to illustrate successful implementations of the continuous improvement model and to derive lessons learned. These case studies provide valuable insights into effective strategies and highlight the impact of continuous improvement on PSL performance. Challenges associated with implementing continuous improvement in the oil and gas sector are also addressed. Issues such as resistance to change, resource constraints, and difficulties in measurement are discussed, along with proposed solutions including change management strategies, efficient resource allocation, and the development of robust measurement systems. The review concludes by exploring future directions for continuous improvement in oil and gas operations, considering emerging technological trends and the integration of digital transformation initiatives. Recommendations for ongoing improvement are provided, emphasizing the importance of continuous feedback loops and adaptability to evolving industry standards. This model serves as a strategic guide for oil and gas organizations seeking to enhance their PSL performance through systematic and sustained continuous improvement efforts, ultimately contributing to their long-term success and operational excellence.

Understanding Powder Behavior in Continuous Feeding: Powder Densification and Screw Layering

Background: Precise continuous feeding of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and excipients is crucial in a continuous powder-to-tablet manufacturing setup, as any inconsistency can affect the final tablet quality. Method: This study investigated the impact of various materials on the performance of a continuous twin-screw loss-in-weight (LIW) feeder. The materials tested included spray-dried lactose, anhydrous lactose, granulated lactose, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), an MCC–lactose preblend (50%:50% w/w ratio), and a co-processed excipient (lactose–lactitol at a 95%:5% w/w ratio). The feeding performance of these excipients was systematically assessed, focusing on powder densification and screw layering within the LIW feeder. Results: The results demonstrated densification for the spray-dried lactose and preblend. Densification was more pronounced during the initial feeding cycles for spray-dried lactose, but decreased gradually over time. In contrast, the densification remained relatively constant throughout the feeding process for the preblend. Notably, minor screw layering was observed for both spray-dried lactose and anhydrous lactose, with the extent of this issue reducing over time for the spray-dried lactose. Interestingly, granulated lactose grades did not show screw layering, making them preferable for blending with APIs prone to severe screw layering. The LIW feeder control system successfully managed powder densification and minor screw layering, maintaining the mass flow rate at the set point for all investigated materials. Conclusions: These findings inform the selection of optimal excipients, appropriate tooling for LIW feeders, and the enhancement of control strategies to shorten startup times. By addressing these factors, the precision and reliability of continuous feeding processes can be improved.

Cognitive Urban Planning Enhancing Decision-Making in Local Governments.

According to the United Nations (UN), a “continuous, participatory, and inclusive urban planning process should be the starting point and framework for improving population living conditions,” and this research emerges from examining trends in smart cities. It explores the impact of collective intelligence, geographical information systems, and cognitive systems as a way of supporting the decision-making of local governments (municipalities) to face the challenges announced by the UN in the Urban Agenda 2017. This methodology employs an exploratory approach using the participatory action research method. The model was tested in three municipalities in Ecuador using a technological and collaborative platform called Cognitive Urban Planning (PUC). The results highlighted improvements in the decision-making process in urban planning, since the interactive participation processes through the PUC allowed for the suggestion of a group of strategies for an emerging neighborhood plan developed with the citizens working together in the municipality in real-time. In conclusion, the effects of the decision-making plan could be applied to improve and enhance community participation through city co-creation, supporting the decision-making process of municipalities in a way that promotes inclusive urban planning and stakeholders' awareness, as the recommended plans are supported by the desires and needs raised by citizens.

Older Adult Education in the Context of Psychological Theories of Ageing

In gerontology, the essence of ageing is traditionally equated with decline and degradation, it is considered a purposeful process of loss of the body's adaptive capacity. Psychologists, in particular representatives of behaviorism, deny this position, instead they consider ageing to be an integral part of the general process of human development. Theories of ageing have progressed from focusing on individuals’ declines and losses in later phase of their life course to considering ageing as a continuous process of human development. Psychological theories of ageing are crucial to understanding older adults as learners ‒ their needs, abilities, motivation of learning and expectations from educational activity. They help us to develop comprehensive approaches to building an effective educational environment and improving the learning process of that age and social group aiming to adapt that environment to the needs of older adult learners. The article analyzes the main provisions of psychological theories of ageing, which substantiate the importance and even the necessity of involving older adults in educational activities, because firstly, mental activity contributes to the preservation and even development of a person’s intellectual capabilities until old age; secondly, in older people (compared to young people), changes in the ability to learn are insignificant and relate rather to the sphere of perception, attention, motivation, and the physiological state of the body; and thirdly, older people have a growing need for a sense of security, which has a significant impact on their quality of life and is largely realized through communication and learning activities. Based on the main tenets of psychological theories of ageing, in our research we consider older adults as a resource and human capital. We believe that the approach to the problem of ageing and old age from the resource perspective, which is based on the ideas of theories of activity and lifelong personality development, allows us to justify the need for education of older adults and is the basis of educational gerontology.

Organic Polymer-Based Photodiodes for Optoelectronic Reservoir Computing with Time-Based Coding.

The integration of optoelectronic devices with reservoir computing offers a novel and effective approach to in-sensor computing. This work presents a hybrid digital-physical solution that leverages the high-performance poly[(bithiophene)-alternate-(2,5-di(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-di(thienyl)-pyrrolyl pyrrolidone)] (DPPT-TT) organic polymer-based photodiodes for the hardware implementation of reservoir computing system. The photodiodes demonstrate nonlinear photoelectric responses, fading memory, and cyclical stability, in relation to the temporal information on light stimuli. These attributes enable effective mapping, historical context sensitivity, and consistent performance, with time-encoded inputs, which are particularly essential for accurate and continuous processing of time series data. The optoelectronic reservoir computing system with pulse width modulation (PWM) coding demonstrates impressive performance in the prediction of chaotic sequences, achieving a normalized root-mean-square error as low as 0.095 with optimized parameters. The DPPT-TT-based photodiodes and time-based coding offer a hardware-efficient solution for reservoir computing, significantly advancing Internet of Things applications.

New Lepage-type control charts for joint monitoring of location and scale

This paper introduces two new Shewhart Lepage-type control charts for jointly monitoring the location and scale parameters of continuous processes. The first is based on the van der Waerden (VW) and Ansari-Bradley (AB) tests while the other is on the VW and Mood tests. Statistical performances, in terms of average run length (ARL), of these charts are evaluated numerically and compared with that of their two competitor charts in the existing literature under four distributional models for the process output, namely, the normal, lognormal, Laplace, and logistic. The numerical results show that irrespective of the process distribution, one of the proposed charts (based on VW and Mood tests) has the best performance among all the four charts in the detection of simultaneous shifts in both the parameters of all sizes as well as in the detection of shifts in the scale that have not been accompanied by shifts in the location (only-scale shifts) of all sizes. Moreover, the other proposed chart (based on VW and AB tests) performs better than one of the competitor charts in the existing literature for detecting simultaneous shifts as well as only-scale shifts of all sizes. In addition, it performs better than the other competitor chart for detecting the simultaneous shifts consisting of a large location shift and a small scale shift, however, performs worse than that for detecting the simultaneous shifts consisting of a small location shift and a scale shift of any size, as well as for detecting the only-scale shifts of all sizes. All the four charts perform almost similarly in the detection of only-location shifts of all sizes. Regression models are provided for the proposed charts, which facilitate their designs in practice. Finally, the practical implementation of the proposed charts is illustrated through a real-data example.

Assessment of Digital Marketing Management in Companies

An assessment of digital marketing management in the work of companies was carried out – namely, the compliance of internal resources with the mechanisms of digital transformation in marketing. The approach to the digital transformation of marketing systems and the principles of digital marketing management are considered. It is noted that digital marketing management is inseparable from the continuous process of developing the functions of the marketing system. The stages are proposed, on the basis of which a methodology for calculating the marketing management index in the work of companies is developed in order to analyze the digital marketing methods. It is proposed to divide the performance indicators of digital marketing communications into strategic, analytical and operational, and combine them into the classes in accordance with the methods. Based on the results of the assessment of digital marketing management, it is concluded that the theoretical basis for the economic success of many companies is the professional flexibility of top management specialists and marketing departments.

Cost-Effective Thermomechanical Processing of Nanostructured Ferritic Alloys: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Investigation.

Nanostructured ferritic alloys (NFAs), such as oxide-dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloys, play a vital role in advanced fission and fusion reactors, offering superior properties when incorporating nanoparticles under irradiation. Despite their importance, the high cost of mass-producing NFAs through mechanical milling presents a challenge. This study delves into the microstructure-mechanical property correlations of three NFAs produced using a novel, cost-effective approach combining severe plastic deformation (SPD) with the continuous thermomechanical processing (CTMP) method. Analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) revealed nano-grain structures and phases, while scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) quantified the size and density of Ti-N, Y-O, and Cr-O fine particles. Atom probe tomography (APT) further confirmed the absence of finer Y-O particles and characterized the chemical composition of the particles, suggesting possible nitride dispersion strengthening. Correlation of microstructure and mechanical testing results revealed that CTMP alloys, despite having lower nanoparticle densities, exhibit strength and ductility comparable to mechanically milled ODS alloys, likely due to their fine grain structure. However, higher nanoparticle densities may be necessary to prevent cavity swelling under high-temperature irradiation and helium gas production. Further enhancements in uniform nanoparticle distribution and increased sink strength are recommended to mitigate cavity swelling, advancing their suitability for nuclear applications.

PRESCHOOL TEACHERS PREPARATION FOR WORKING WITH CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS IN CALIFORNIA

Following the realization of the importance of early development and the low quality of early childhood education programs in the United States the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) and the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) were established to develop professional standards for special educators. It was found that the most important factor in providing education for children with special needs is well-trained teaching staff. Principles for ensuring the existence of high-quality programs for kindergartens began to be developed. A new concept of “Developmentally Appropriate Practice” was formed by The National Association for Nursery Education (NANE and seven standards for the professional training of early childhood teachers were proposed. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was passed by the Congress in 1975. IDEA regulates how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education, and other services. The state has established grants to improve the quality of school education by attracting and retaining effective teachers. It was found that 7 million, or 14% of all public school received special education services. The California Commission on Teacher Credentialing is revising the Special Education Standards for Children with Disabilities. The commission developed draft teaching, administration, and preparation program guidelines in collaboration with a technical advisory group of early childhood education professionals. It was clarified that there are additional internship programs in California, Completion of the internship program leads to a Certificate of Eligibility to Teach, which is identical to completion of a traditional teacher preparation program. It was concluded that the policy of the Department of Education, the educational laws of the United States are aimed at encouraging participation in formal and informal professional learning, but it should be a continuous process, because adults providing care and education are responsible for the progress of children throughout their lives.

The focus on life-prolonging anticancer treatment hampers shared decision-making in people with advanced cancer: A qualitative embedded multiple-case study.

Implementing shared decision-making in oncology practice is often limited, particularly integrating the patient's context into decision-making. To improve this, we conducted a quality improvement project, CONtext. CONtext attempts to accomplish this by: (1) Integrating the patient's context into shared decision-making during consultation with the medical oncologist; (2) Actively involving the GP and case manager (a specialized oncology nurse), who often have knowledge about the patient's context, and; (3) Giving the person with advanced cancer a time-out period of up to 2 weeks to consider and discuss treatment options with others, including close family and friends. To explore how persons with advanced cancer and their involved professionals experienced shared decision-making after the introduction of CONtext. A qualitative embedded multiple-case study using in-depth interviews analysed with inductive content analysis. A purposive sample of 14 cases, each case consisting of a patient with advanced cancer and ideally their medical oncologist, case manager, and GP. Four themes were identified: shared decision-making is a dynamic and continuous process (1), in which the medical oncologist's treatment recommendation is central (2), fuelled by the patients' experience of not having a choice (3), and integrating the patient's context into shared decision-making was considered important but hampered (4), for example, by the association with the terminal phase. The prevailing tendency among medical oncologists and persons with advanced cancer to prioritize life-prolonging anticancer treatments restricts the potential for shared decision-making. This undermines integrating individual context into decision-making, a critical aspect of the palliative care continuum.

Continuous Microreactor‐Based Synthesis of SnO2 Nanoparticles for Sensor Applications

Tin oxide nanoparticles are well‐established materials with a wide range of applications, including optoelectronic devices and solid‐state gas sensors. Conventional synthesis methods of these systems are often based on batch processes. In this study, we compare batch and continuous synthesis methods for tin dioxide nanoparticles using precipitation and sol‐gel processes. For the continuous processes we applied the so called microjet reactor method. The nanoparticles were characterized by TEM, elemental analysis and XRD and exhibited particle sizes of 1.7‐3.0 nm and crystallite sizes of 1.7‐2.3 nm, consisting of tetragonal (P42/mnm) and orthorhombic (Pbcn) phases. We have evaluated different post‐synthesis purification methods to remove impurities such as chlorides and carbon‐hydrogen species. Each purification method exhibited unique advantages and side effects, providing insight into selecting the most appropriate method for specific applications. We also demonstrated the potential of these SnO2 nanoparticles as ethanol gas sensing materials and compared their performance with a commercial sensor.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF THE UKRAINIAN PEOPLE AS A CONTINUOUS PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCE IN THE HISTORICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL CONTEXT

In the scientific research the analysis of the economic activity of Ukrainians and their motivation for entrepreneurial activity in the historical and pedagogical contexts has been conducted. The authors have identified the factors influencing the formation of entrepreneurial initiative of modern Ukrainians, determined the reasons for their demotivation in engaging in entrepreneurship, highlighted the historical factor, which has a significant impact on the economic behavior, motivation, and self-motivation of Ukrainians. The article emphasizes the importance of incorporating an economic component into the training programs of future professional (vocational) education teachers, the necessity of developing their entrepreneurial competence, the need to enhance motivation and self-motivation for entrepreneurship.The study concludes that the entrepreneurial activity of the Ukrainians represents a continuous process of developing entrepreneurial competence. The authors propose considering the historical factor when designing national strategic programs, both during the current wartime period and in the post-war recovery phase for maintaining business activity within small and medium-sized enterprises. They substantiate the need to include an economic component and implement a motivation system in the training programs for future professional education teachers, who initially serve as recipients and later as providers of educational services. The necessity of integrating a motivation system and entrepreneurial practice into these programs has also been demonstrated for fostering the development of entrepreneurial competence, increasing motivation and self-motivation for entrepreneurship, enabling these future teachers to implement entrepreneurial competence in their subsequent work.

Characteristics of Biochar Obtained by Pyrolysis of Residual Forest Biomass at Different Process Scales

In this work, the pyrolysis process and the characteristics of biochar produced using a bench-scale fixed-bed reactor and a prototype-scale auger reactor were studied. Residual forest biomass (RFB) from acacia, broom, gorse, and giant reed was used as feedstock. Besides information on pyrolysis characteristics of these specific biomass species from the Iberian Peninsula, new knowledge on the understanding of how results from small-scale reactors can be used to predict the behavior of higher-scale and continuous-operation reactors is offered. Batch pyrolysis was carried out using 40 g of biomass sample in a fixed-bed reactor with a heating rate of 20 °C∙min−1, pyrolysis temperature of 450 and 550 °C, and a residence time of 30 min, while for the continuous process it was used a prototype of an auger reactor with continuous operation with a biomass flow rate up to 1 kg/h, with temperatures of 450 and 550 °C, and a solids residence time of 5 min. The biochar yield was in the range of 0.26 to 0.36 kg/kg biomass dry basis, being similar for both types of reactors and slightly lower when using the auger reactor. The proximate analysis of the biochar shows volatile matter in the range 0.10 to 0.27 kg/kg biochar dry basis, fixed carbon in the range 0.65 to 0.84 kg/kg biochar dry basis, and ash in the range 0.04 to 0.08 kg/kg biochar dry basis. The carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen content of the biochar was in the range of 0.71 to 0.81, 0.09 to 0.22, and 0.02 to 0.03 kg/kg biochar dry basis, respectively. The results show that the up-scaling of the reactor and regime of operation does not have an important influence on the yield and characteristics of the biochar produced. The biochar obtained in the two types of reactors has characteristics appropriate for environmental applications, such as an additive to improve soil properties. It is possible to see that the characteristics of the biochar are influenced by the type of biomass and the conditions and parameters of the process; therefore, it is of major importance to control and know of these conditions, especially when considering upscaling scenarios.

CONSTRUCTION OF THE RAILWAY TRACK OF UKRAINE AND PROSPECTS FOR THEIR IMPROVEMENT

The goal. The process of improving the design of the railway track requires a detailed study of the history of the development of its structural elements, methods of combination, interconnections and limits of mutual influence. Modern track designs are the result of many years of hard work by scientists and long operational tests. Some designs were inventions at the time, some were breakthrough technologies, some remained just ideas, and some have existed for more than a century. The study of the history of the development of railway track structures and modern existing structures in operation made it possible to identify a promising direction for improvement and further development, taking into account the existing problems on the mainline transport tracks and industrial enterprise tracks. Reinforced concrete sleepers and intermediate fasteners that allow for track gauge adjustment are the railroad track structure that should be improved in the coming years. Improving railroad track design is a continuous process in the development of rail transport. Recently, new track designs have been introduced on Ukrainian railways. As a rule, the problems of track facilities are first considered and technical tasks are formulated. Then, a public discussion is held in the scientific and practical environment and an appropriate development strategy is born. Such a strategy is reviewed and approved at scientific and technical meetings and specialized commissions. This article aims to identify promising areas for improving the track design and solving the problems of installing and operating a continuous track by analyzing existing designs and world experience of railways. Methods. Methods of scientific analysis and synthesis of track development design, methods of analytical geometry. Results. Based on the analysis of the history of the development of the railroad track structure and modern designs, a promising direction of improvement is proposed. A promising railroad track structure is defined as a reinforced concrete sleeper and fasteners capable of forming an adjustable track gauge of up to 1545 mm. At the same time, it is necessary that the new design has sufficient stability of the jointless track plates. Practical significance. The application of the proposed structure within small radius curves, provided that the results of trial operation and testing of the established procedure are positive, will reduce the operating costs associated with the current maintenance of the tracks, expand the scope of laying of the jointless track and use reinforced concrete sleepers in small radius curves at industrial enterprises.

A multiscale stochastic particle method based on the Fokker-Planck model for nonequilibrium gas flows

The Fokker-Planck (FP) model characterizes the intermolecular collisions as continuous stochastic processes in velocity space. Compared to the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, which is grounded in the Boltzmann equation, the stochastic particle method based on the FP model, referred to as the SP-FP method, demonstrates a relative improvement in computational efficiency. However, the traditional SP-FP method, utilizing operator splitting scheme, encounters analogous limitations to DSMC, thereby limiting the application of large temporal-spatial discretization for simulating near-continuum and continuum flows. In this study, two critical advancements are introduced to improve the traditional SP-FP method. First, the exact integration scheme of the ellipsoidal-statistical FP (ESFP) model is derived, enabling the replication of the theoretical solutions for homogeneous relaxation with any time step. Furthermore, leveraging the integration scheme of the ESFP model, we propose a Multiscale Stochastic Particle (MSP) method. The MSP method quantifies the numerical errors stemming from the operator splitting scheme and corrects them in the relaxation step. This capability allows the MSP method to be employed with larger temporal-spatial discretization for inhomogeneous problems, achieving second-order accuracy while retaining implementation simplicity. Application of the MSP method to various benchmark problems, including Couette flow, Fourier flow, Poiseuille flow, Sod tube flow, Lid-driven cavity flow, and flow through a slit, demonstrates its promise for simulating multiscale nonequilibrium gas flows with high computational efficiency and accuracy.

Managing and editing UML documents: structure, integration, automation

Unified Modeling Language (UML) plays an important role in the modern software development process by offering standardized methods for visual modeling, analysis, and design of complex systems. This paper discusses the main aspects of storing, editing, and integrating UML documents with integrated development environments (IDEs). The main focus is on comparing the two main formats for storing UML models – XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) and JavaScript Object Notation (JSON). XMI, being an official standard developed by Object Management Group, provides a high degree of detail and compatibility with various UML tools, making it preferable for large and complex projects that require support for the full UML specification. At the same time, JSON is simple and flexible, which makes it suitable for projects where speed of development and ease of integration are important, although it is inferior to XMI in describing complex aspects of UML models. The paper analyzes in detail the methods of editing UML documents, including manual editing and automated approaches, using APIs and scripts. Manual editing is useful when you need to make small changes to the structure of a UML document, but it can be time-consuming and error-prone when working with large projects. Automation, on the other hand, provides effective tools for mass editing and generating UML elements, which significantly speeds up development and minimizes the likelihood of errors, especially since modern tools such as StarUML offer the necessary tools for programmatically modifying UML documents by integrating them into development processes. Combining of UML documents with integrated development environments also plays a key role in increasing development efficiency, as this allows automating code generation based on UML models, maintaining synchronization between code and diagrams, and facilitating visualization and documentation of architectural solutions. Despite the significant advantages, there are challenges associated with limited support for all UML features and potential conflicts between models and code. This only emphasizes the need for further research in this area. Prospects for further research include the development of new methods and tools for working with UML documents, improving their integration with development environments, and using artificial intelligence to automate the analysis and design of UML models. Attention should also be paid to the using of UML with continuous integration processes, which can significantly increase the flexibility and adaptability of software development. Thus, the study of the structure of storing, editing, and integrating UML documents is an important area for optimizing the design and development of modern software systems.

Путешествие между каналами: формирование клиентского опыта в цифровой среде

In modern marketing, researchers are focused on the omnichannel approach due to the growing number of communication channels and sources of consumer information about brands. This paper examines the complexity and multifactorial nature of the omnichannel approach in the formation of customer experience and marketing communications in the digital environment. The article discusses the concept of a “Consumer Journey Map”, which reflects the stages of making a purchase decision, after-sales interaction and the customer experience formed within this path. This approach allows you to define and analyze the touchpoints with the consumer and information messages at each stage of the consumer journey in order to create a positive brand image. The consumer’s journey is formed by the sequential passage of a number of points of contact, which may belong to the brand, its partners or be independent. This affects the degree of brand control over the information at each of these points. Particular attention is paid to the complexity of tracking the entire variety of contact points through which the customer passes on the way to making a purchase. The management of this variety of points from the standpoint of a single communication environment of brand and consumer interaction is the subject of omnichannel marketing research. Within the framework of this study, the author considers the evaluation of the effectiveness of marketing channels at the stage of preparation for purchase. These channels may be underestimated, since in terms of direct return on marketing investments, they lose to the final pre-purchase channels, but they play a key role in shaping the customer experience leading to subsequent purchases. The article presents the results of a study of online communication based on a company providing educational services. This study demonstrates the relationship between the volume of investments in paid promotion channels and the total revenue from online channels. The results of the study emphasize the importance of the omnichannel approach in modern communication, where the buyer interacts with the brand in various channels and perceives communication as a single continuous process, even when switching from one channel to another.