Continuous Formation Process Research Articles

POSIÇÃO DE FRONTEIRA E PRODUÇÃO DE SIGNIFICADOS NA EDUCAÇÃO MATEMÁTICA INDÍGENA

This paper presents some results of a survey that aimed to follow a process of continuous formation of a group of Kaingang indigenous teachers who teach mathematics in Terra Indigena Xapeco in Ipuacu, SC. This research sought promote reflection on the challenges of Indigenous Education in the construction of an educational process in mathematics education, specifically that the construction of this educational process, contemplating the traditional mathematics and mathematics education. Examined the issue of frontier position of the teacher indigenous dealing with diversity and cultural conflicts, background and foreground, and the construction of meanings of mathematics in mathematics indigenous education. For this, we seek the theorical support in Critical Mathematics Education and in Ethnomathematics. The research showed us that one of the ways to minimize the challenges confronted would be to soften the boundaries between indigenous and non indigenous people while strengthening the identity markers, a new logic to understand the meaning construction for elements of their culture.

Apparatus of capture: Fiscal state formation in the republic of Georgia

How did the rate of central government tax revenue more than triple in the (post-Soviet) Republic of Georgia over 2004–2007? This paper investigates fiscal state formation in Georgia using ethnographic fieldwork to document how the reformist government brought to power by the 2003 “Rose Revolution” impelled tax compliance using a set of tactics of anti-corruption, anti-tax evasion, individual accountability, and compromising information collected through extra-legal surveillance. The use of ethnographic methods to examine the recent and rapid process of state formation in Georgia is a departure from much of the extant literature on state formation, which is dominated by historical scholarship that examines relatively long-term processes of political and economic change culminating in the present state. In contrast, the approach taken here uses the Deleuzian concept of assemblage to examine how the state is a process of continuous formation. The fast emergence of a historically unprecedented scale of tax compliance in Georgia was the result of the application of particular techniques of government that assembled micro-subjective dispositions into a macro-institutional process of revenue capture.

Fabrication of gradient density SiO2 aerogel

With tetraethoxysilane as the organic precursor, gradient density aerogels were fabricated by three different methods: layer-by-layer gelation, sol-co-gelation and continuous formation technics. Through layer-by-layer method, a 5-layer graded density silica aerogel whose density ranges from 50 to 200 mg/cm3 was obtained, but it existed a dense skin between adjacent layers which could result in density mutation in the interface. In order to optimize its interface character, sol-co-gelation technique was created to improve the interdiffusion and smooth out the density mutation via a self-built device. Finally, on the base of the device and sol-co-gelation technics, a continuous formation process was developed to fabricate the completely gradient density silica aerogel. Optical microscope and X-ray phase contrast method were used to characterize the samples prepared by three different technics and comparatively research their interface feature.

Continuous Formation Process of CO2 Gas Hydrate via a Vortex and Impinging Stream Reactor

A continuous formation process of CO2 hydrate was investigated in a vortex and impinging stream reactor (VIR) of 1.76 L with the temperatures ranging from 274.46 to 275.86 K and the pressures ranging from 1.79 to 3.163 MPa. In the VIR, a high-gravity field can be generated, where both centrifugal and impinging forces can intensify the mass transfer in reactants. There are two distinct steps in the process. The first step is the unstable hydrate formation process. The next one is called the stable formation process, which presents the rapid and continuous formation of the CO2 gas hydrate. It is found that the formation rate of CO2 hydrate is up to 249.8 mol/h when the Higee factor β is 390.28.

Osteoporosis in pediatrics.

1. Joel Steelman, MD* 2. Philip Zeitler, MD, PhD† 1. 2. *Pediatric Endocrine Fellow. 3. 4. †Assistant Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology, The Childern’s Hospital, Denver, CO. Dr Zeitler has received a supply of drugs from Novartis Pharmaceuticals for a research protocol. Objectives After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Identify determinants of bone mass. 2. Delineate pediatric populations at risk for osteoporosis. 3. Describe test procedures to measure parameters such as bone mineral density, bone formation, and bone resorption. 4. Describe methods to interpret pediatric DEXA scan results. 5. Identify measures to maximize peak bone mass in children and adolescents. 6. Identify osteoporosis treatments available for children and adolescents. Bone consists of a collagen matrix into which calcium, in the form of hydroxyapatite, is deposited. The accumulation and maintenance of the substance of bone is the result of a continuous process of formation, predominately mediated by osteoblasts, and resorption, facilitated by osteoclasts. During childhood and adolescence, the process of formation predominates, leading to a net increase in bone mass and size. Infancy and adolescence are periods of particularly rapid formation. Peak bone mass is achieved shortly after completion of puberty and normally remains stable until the third decade of life, when age-related (involutional) bone loss begins. Osteoporosis is defined as a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures. It is the most common metabolic bone disorder in adults. Approximately 13.8 billion dollars were spent in 1995 in the United States for treatment of osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporosis incidence increases with age; an estimated 30% to 40% of adults older than age 60 years have osteoporosis. Genetics, age, and menopause are important, relatively unchangeable determinants of osteoporosis risk in adulthood. However, other factors, such as chronic illness, nutrition, medications, and lifestyle, clearly modify the rapidity and severity of bone loss in aging adults. Osteoporosis generally has been considered an adult disease, but there is increasing evidence that its roots lie in childhood. The loss in bone mass begins …

Chamosite Ooliths from the Winter Gill Ironstone (Jurassic) of Yorkshire, England

ABSTRACT Chamosite ooliths from the Winter Gill ironstone (Bajocian) possess a distinctive internal structure and oblate ellipsoidal shape which are believed to be due to the following factors: 1. Accretion occurred under unidirectional current conditions on a surface of previously formed chamosite mud. 2. Ooliths formed around nuclei which were fixed by partial burial in the mud, as well as around free nuclei. 3. The oblate ellipsoidal shape is related to lateral accretion of suspended chamosite particles on stationary ooliths; fixation of the particles may have been influenced by organic films. 4. The presence of a distinct trend, with increasing size, in the envelope structure of each oolith is related to a) an upward limit to available suspended material, and b) to changing conditions resu ting from intermittent movement of ooliths towards the site of accumulation. The chamosite mud is thought to have been formed on an upstanding sand-bank, probably by alteration of detrital clay. The present ironstone was formed by a continuous process of formation, transport, and accumulation of ooliths together with slow erosion of the chamosite mud surface. The ironstone is situated against one flank of the sand-bank and passes laterally into sandstone.