Continuous Part Research Articles

Symmetrical Impulsive Inertial Neural Networks with Unpredictable and Poisson-Stable Oscillations

This paper explores the novel concept of discontinuous unpredictable and Poisson-stable motions within impulsive inertial neural networks. The primary focus is on a specific neural network architecture where impulses mimic the structure of the original model, that is, continuous and discrete parts are symmetrical. This unique modeling decision aligns with the real-world behavior of systems, where voltage typically remains smooth and continuous but may exhibit sudden changes due to various factors such as switches, sudden loads, or faults. The paper introduces the representation of these abrupt voltage transitions as discontinuous derivatives, providing a more accurate depiction of real-world scenarios. Thus, the focus of the research is a model, exceptional in its generality. To study Poisson stability, the method of included intervals is extended for discontinuous functions and B-topology. The theoretical findings are substantiated with numerical examples, demonstrating the practical feasibility of the proposed model.

Learning stability guarantees for constrained switching linear systems from noisy observations

We present a data-driven framework based on Lyapunov theory to provide stability guarantees for a family of hybrid systems. In particular, we are interested in the asymptotic stability of switching linear systems whose switching sequence is constrained by labeled graphs, namely constrained switching linear systems. In order to do so, we provide chance-constrained bounds on stability guarantees, that can be obtained from a finite number of observations with bounded noise. We first present a method providing stability guarantees from sampled trajectories in the hybrid state space of the system. We then study the harder situation where one only observes the continuous part of the hybrid states. We show that in this case, one may still obtain formal chance-constrained stability guarantees. For this latter result we provide a new upper bound of general interest, also for model-based stability analysis.

Autonomy in the pursuit of peace: demarcation and territorial accommodation in Indonesia and the Philippines

ABSTRACT Scholarship on the advisability of territorial accommodation in conflict-torn societies prioritises attention to the political and identity-based factors that fuel societal divisions and often complicate the success of such forms of accommodation. Yet these divisions are themselves shaped by the boundaries that delineate who lives within the territory being accommodated. Here we focus on the critical question of whether the borders of the territorial unit to potentially receive autonomy are clearly demarcated when peace is established or, instead, form an essential and continued part of the post-conflict space. Where demarcation remains unsettled, elites will encourage perceptions of societal differences – among identity groups, insurgent factions, and political networks – that subsequently lead to conflict continuation or re-emergence. To evaluate this argument, we leverage two similar cases – Aceh in Indonesia and Mindanao in the Philippines – where much of the conventional wisdom fails to explain divergent outcomes in trajectories of peace and conflict.

Investigation of the Thermal Characteristics of a Novel Laser Sintering Machine for Additive Manufacturing of Continuous Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Parts.

This paper presents the thermal analysis of a novel laser sintering machine for additive manufacturing of continuous carbon fibre-reinforced polymer parts. The core element of this machine is a fibre integration unit with a heated fibre nozzle. With the help of an additional heat source, which is mounted on the bottom side of the fibre integration unit, the temperature of the powder bed surface is kept within the sintering window of the PA12 material used in the investigations. Different heat source variants differing in shape and material were analysed experimentally concerning the heat distribution achieved within the powder bed surface using an infrared camera. Based on the best-rated variant showing the most homogeneous heat distribution, operating points for successful continuous fibre integration were experimentally identified. An aluminium plate with a closed fibre nozzle slot and symmetrical surface heating power has proven to keep the powder bed surface reliably warm. Compared to the initial state, the resulting increased uniformity of heat-affected zones created by the heated fibre nozzle HAZ was evaluated by fabricating a horseshoe part made of PA12. Furthermore, a CCFRP flat pedal for mountain bikes demonstrated roving integration's process reliability and reproducibility.

Coupling resonances and spectral properties of the product of resolvent and perturbation

Given a self-adjoint operator H0 and a relatively compact self-adjoint perturbation V, we study in some detail the spectral properties of the product (H0−z)−1V, z∈C. The eigenvalues of this product are related simply to those of the corresponding product in the situation when the operator H0 is perturbed to H0+sV for s∈C. For some numbers rz, the eigenvalues of (H0+sV−z)−1V, s∈C, are (s−rz)−1. We study the root spaces of the eigenvalues (s−rz)−1 and complex-analytic properties of the functions rz such as branching points. In particular, for a generic case, we give a variety of necessary and sufficient conditions for branching. The functions rz, called coupling resonances, are important in the spectral analysis of H0+rV for any real number r∈R. For instance, they afford a description of the spectral shift function (SSF) of the pair H0 and V, as well as the absolutely continuous and singular parts of the SSF. A thorough study of real-valued coupling resonances rλ for real λ outside of the essential spectrum was carried out in a recent work by the first author. Here we extend this study to the complex domain, motivated by the fact, which is well known in the case of a rank-one perturbation, that the behaviour of coupling resonances rz near the essential spectrum provides valuable information about the latter.

Frailty and Time at Home After Post-Acute Care in Skilled Nursing Facilities.

To examine the association of a claims-based frailty index with time at home, defined as the number of days alive and spent out of hospital or skilled nursing facility (SNF). Cohort Study. A 5% Medicare random sample of fee-for-service beneficiaries, who had continuous part A and B enrollment in the prior 6months, that were discharged from a short SNF admission in 2014‒2016. Frailty was measured with a validated claims-based frailty index (CFI) (range: 0‒1, higher scores indicating worse frailty) and categorized into nonfrail (CFI <0.25), mild frailty (CFI 0.25‒0.34), and moderate-to-severe frailty (CFI ≥0.35). We measured home time in the 6months following SNF discharge (range: 0‒182days with higher values representing more days at home and thus a better outcome). We used logistic regression to assess the association between frailty and short home time, defined as <173days, adjusting for age, sex, race, region, a comorbidity index, clinical SNF admission characteristics in the Minimum Data Set, and SNF characteristics. In our sample of 144,708 beneficiaries (mean age, 80.8years, 64.9% female, 85.9% white) who were discharged to community after SNF stay, the mean CFI was 0.26 (standard deviation, 0.07). The mean home time was 165.6 (38.1) days in nonfrail, 154.4 (47.4) days in mild frailty, 145.0 (52.0) days in moderate-to-severe frailty group. After full model adjustments, moderate to severe frailty was associated with a 1.71 (95% CI 1.65‒1.78) higher odds of having short time at home in the 6months following SNF discharge. Higher CFI is associated with short time at home in Medicare beneficiaries who are discharged to the community after post-acute SNF stay. Our results support the utility of CFI in identifying SNF patients who need additional resources and interventions to prevent health decline and poor quality of life.

Fluid–rigid body interaction in a compressible electrically conducting fluid

AbstractWe consider a system of multiple insulating rigid bodies moving inside of an electrically conducting compressible fluid. In this system, we take into account the interaction of the fluid with the bodies as well as with the electromagnetic fields trespassing both the fluid and the solids. The main result of this paper yields the existence of weak solutions to the system. While the mechanical part of the problem can be dealt with via a classical penalization method, the electromagnetic part requires an approximation by means of a hybrid discrete–continuous in time system: The discrete part of the approximation enables us to handle the solution‐dependent test functions in our variational formulation of the induction equation, whereas the continuous part makes sure that the nonnegativity of the density and subsequently a meaningful energy inequality is preserved in the approximate system.

Self-similarity and spectral theory: on the spectrum of substitutions

This survey of the spectral properties of substitution dynamical systems is devoted to primitive aperiodic substitutions and associated dynamical systems: Z \mathbb {Z} -actions and R \mathbb {R} -actions, the latter viewed as tiling flows. The focus is on the continuous part of the spectrum. For Z \mathbb {Z} -actions the maximal spectral type can be represented in terms of matrix Riesz products, whereas for tiling flows, the local dimension of the spectral measure is governed by the spectral cocycle. References are given to complete proofs and emphasize ideas and various links.

Enzalutamide vs abiraterone in patients with prostate cancer with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.

5066 Background: Estimations are that 8-18% of newly diagnosed cancer patients have Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Current guidelines offer no clarification on the choice of therapy for prostate cancer (PCa) patients with T2DM. Since the comorbid PCa—T2DM population is increasing and these patients face unique challenges from adverse events requiring acute care utilization (ACU) it is important to ascertain which medication poses less of a threat of adverse events. The objective of this study was to describe the SEER-Medicare T2DM-PCa population in terms of those with and without complications and determine if T2DM influences ACU and PCa medication choice. Methods: We identified men with primary PCa treated with abiraterone (ABI, 2011) or enzalutamide (ENZ, 2012) with comorbid T2DM using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database (1999-2019). Patients with a missing date of diagnosis, those diagnosed at death, having HMO or no continuous A and B coverage 12 months before diagnosis and 6 months continuous part D coverage before starting treatment as well as 6 months following treatment or until death were excluded. T2DM was identified using ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. ACU was calculated utilizing the CMS Research Data Assistance Center definition focusing on emergency room visits resulting in in-patent hospitalization during the 6 months following treatment initiation. Differences in emergency room in-patient visits were evaluated using negative binomial models adjusted for age, race, SEER region, marital status, state-buyin, education, income, and modified Charlson Comorbidity Index (excluding T2DM). Results: The sample of 11,163 men included 61.8% treated with ABI and 38.2% with ENZ. We identified 3,044 (27.3%) men with T2DM, of which, 59.1% were treated with ABI and 40.8% with ENZ. Compared to those without T2DM those with T2DM had more ACU, regardless of medication, with a higher rate in the ABI than ENZ group, see table. Among diabetics, those with complications related to T2DM compared to those without also experienced a higher rate of ACU. The rate of ACU was 43% higher among those treated with ABI compared to ENZ (IRR 1.43; 95% CI 1.28, 1.61). Overall mortality (15.7% vs 10.1%, p&lt;0.01) and PCa-specific mortality (8.2% vs 5.3%, p&lt;0.01) were worse in those with T2DM treated with ABI compared to ENZ. Conclusions: Outcomes for PCA patients with T2DM are worse than for those without. ACU is higher in men treated with ABI compared to ENZ regardless of T2DM status. Given the worse outcomes for comorbid T2DM patients, further study to evaluate comorbidity management in this population is warranted. [Table: see text]

Characteristics and survival of secondary acute myeloid leukemia arising from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS-sAML).

e19075 Background: sAML is a heterogenous category including therapy-related AML, AML arising from MDS or myeloproliferative neoplasm, and other biologically distinct groups. Combining these as one entity likely masks important clinical and therapeutic differences. We defined the clinical profile and survival for MDS-sAML. Methods: The population consisted of patients (pts) with MDS identified in SEER-Medicare (2007-17) by ICD-O-3 histology codes and continuous Medicare parts A+B coverage. Transformation to leukemia was confirmed by at least 2 AML codes during follow up. Established algorithms identified MDS type and risk group, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), and transfusion dependence for red blood cells (RBC) and platelets. Logistic regression identified risk factors for transformation to MDS-sAML. Kaplan-Meier estimation and multivariable Cox regression were used to analyze overall survival (OS). Results: Of 15,227 MDS pts, 1,871 transformed to AML. MDSsAML incidence varied by MDS risk group and histology. Time to transformation was shorter with higher risk groups. Younger age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.6, 95% confidence interval [95 CI]: 1.4-1.9), lower CCI (OR = 1.6, 95 CI: 1.4-1.9), higher risk (OR = 2.3, 95 CI: 2.0-2.5), transfusion dependence for RBC (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1-1.3) or platelets (OR = 2.5, 95 CI: 2.1-3.0), were associated with transformation (all respective p &lt; 0.05). Median OS (mOS) after transformation was 3.3 months. The 1- and 2-year OS rates for MDS-sAML were 25% and 12%. MDS-sAML survival varied by antecedent MDS histology and risk group, being longer for pts with antecedent low risk MDS (p &lt; 0.001). Sex, race, and CCI did not affect survival after transformation. Older age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.5, 95 CI: 1.2-2.0), higher MDS risk (HR = 1.5, 95 CI: 1.2-1.9), RBC transfusion dependence (HR = 1.4, 95 CI: 1.3-1.6), and platelet transfusion dependence (HR = 1.5, 95 CI: 1.3-1.7), were associated shorter MDS-sAML survival (all respective p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Risk of MDS-sAML is substantial, with 5% AML transformation even in lower risk MDS histology. Real-world survival of MDS-sAML pts is dismal and lower than reported in clinical trials. Worse MDS risk group before transformation is associated with lower OS after developing AML. These data support a unique pathophysiology of MDS-sAML. [Table: see text]

Regularity for free multiplicative convolution on the unit circle

It is shown that the free multiplicative convolution of two nondegenerate probability measures on the unit circle has no continuous singular part relative to arclength measure. Analogous results have long been known for free additive convolutions on the line and free multiplicative convolution on the positive half-line.

Open-source Software Reliability Modeling with Stochastic Impulsive Differential Equations

In reality, sudden updates of software, attacks of hackers, influence of the Internet market, etc. can cause a surge in the number of open-source software (OSS) faults (this moment is the time when impulse occurs), which results in impulsive phenomenon. For the existing software reliability models, dynamic process of software fault is considered to be continuous when assessing reliability, but continuity of the process can be disrupted with appearance of random impulses. Thus, to more accurately assess software reliability, we proposed an OSS reliability model with SIDE. In the model, dynamic process of software fault is divided into a continuous and a skipped part, described the continuous part of the process with SDE, and described destruction of the continuity caused by unpredictable random events with random impulses. Finally, the proposed model is verified with two datasets from real OSS project, and the results show that the proposed model is more in line with reality and has better fitting effect than the existing models.

Ethics Beyond the Checklist: Fruitful Dilemmas Before, During, and After Data Collection

In this article, we aim to contribute to current discussions about ethical conduct in qualitative research practice. We provide examples of how ethics is a recurring issue throughout a research process and not just an issue to safeguard procedurally. The examples on which we build our argument are based on three research projects from two countries, namely, Norway and Denmark, focusing on three different groups, namely, the elderly, parents, and children. Through our analyses of these ethical dilemmas, we aim to provide reflections on dilemmas encountered in three different qualitative research projects at three different stages, specifically before, during, and after data collection. We thus provide a way for researchers to frame their work with ethical dilemmas as a continuous process beyond the checklist. Furthermore, we frame complex ethical dilemmas as something not to avoid but as a continuous part of a fruitful analytical process.

Analisis Struktur Melodi dan Makna Lagu “Sayur Kol” Karya Punxgoaran

Purpose: This research discusses about analysis of the melodic structure of Sayur Kol by Punxgoaran. Sayur Kol was published in 2017. The theoretical basic used in this research is William P. Malm's theory to get a musicological study, and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic theory to explain the meaning of this song. The song Sayur Kol by Punxgoaran was performed in the Batak language with Rock and Punk nuances with drums, electric guitars, and bass guitars. Method: In this thesis, the writer uses a qualitative descriptive analysis method. Results and Discussion: The results of the study of the melodic structure of the Sayur Kol song are Song Form with 2 parts consisting of A (a, a'), B (b, b') and the song Sayur Kol performed by Punxgoaran consists of the Intro, the beginning, continuation part, chorus part, interlude part, and outro part. Implication: The meaning contained in song Sayur Kol is about the personal story of the creator, Guido Virdaus Hutagalung, expressing a picture of the situation of the people of North Sumatra when they meet each other and strengthen the relationship between fellow tribes, especially the Toba Batak tribe. Punxgoaran loves and supports the preservation of Batak Cultural Arts.

Experimental Analysis and Optimisation of a Novel Laser-Sintering Process for Additive Manufacturing of Continuous Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Parts

Additive manufacturing of continuous carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CCFRP) parts enables the production of high-strength parts for aerospace, engineering and other industries. Continuous fibres allow for parts to be reinforced along the load path, multiplying their mechanical properties. However, current additive manufacturing processes for producing CCFRP parts do not optimally meet the requirements of the matrix. With resin- and extrusion-based processes, the time-consuming and costly post-processing required to remove support structures severely limits design freedom, and producing small batches requires increased effort. In contrast, laser sintering has proven to be a promising alternative in an industrial environment, allowing the production of robust parts without support structures in a time-efficient and economical manner for single and small-batch production. Based on a novel laser-sintering machine with the automated integration of continuous fibres, a combination of the advantages of the laser-sintering process and the advantages of continuous fibres is to be achieved. This paper describes an experimental analysis and optimisation of this laser-sintering machine using design of experiments. The processing time for fibre integration could be reduced by a factor of three compared to the initial state.

A Radical Embodied Characterization of German Modal Constructions

Abstract This paper starts out from a radical embodied analysis of German modals. The merit of this proposal is that it provides a framework for the conceptualization of these constructions as part of a broader continuity between perception, memory and consciousness. According to the interpretation and defense of this view offered here, I will argue that modal events in German are constructed as instances of the embodied information encoded by specific constructional attachment patterns. The results of the corpus study in the latter part of the paper reveal that syntactic content (rather than lexical information alone) is crucial for the reduction of both surprise and entropy, as it reflects cognitive processes associated with affordance mapping and the speakers’ need to increase epistemic capital. This shows that humans make use of stored perceptual maps, the combination of which allows us to construct and manipulate complex event representations.

Psycho-Social Correlates of Cyberbullying among Polish Adolescents.

Cyberbullying has recently attracted attention due to its increasing prevalence and serious consequences for both victims and perpetrators. The objective of this population-based study was to examine the determinants of a person becoming a perpetrator of cyberbullying, including personal resources (emotional self-regulation, self-esteem, internal locus of control, optimism), social skills (prosocial behavior, assertiveness, cognitive empathy, cooperation), peer relationships (peer support, threats from peers, peer rejection, dislike of peers), and problematic Internet use (excessive Internet use, impulsive reactions to Internet deprivation). Participants (N = 541) were students at elementary schools (age 14-15) in Ostroleka, a city in central-eastern Poland. Two-part regression was used to explore protective/risk factors of the likelihood of an individual using cyberviolence (dichotomous part: involvement in violence) and how often it is used (continuous part: frequency of cyberbullying). The results showed that the emotional component is crucial to cyberbullying, as indicated by the importance of emotional self-control, which reduces the frequency of cyberbullying. Other important factors are assertiveness, impulsive response to limited Internet access (which increases the likelihood of engaging in cyberbullying) and fear of peers (which reduces its frequency). In turn, the importance of pro-sociality (which inhibits engagement) and peer support (which promotes engagement) points to the second important component of cyberbullying-that is, group mechanisms. At the same time, the results indicate that while the importance of Internet addiction as a risk factor for cyberbullying should not be underestimated, the amount of time spent online cannot be seen as the source of the problem. The study leads to the conclusion that effective interventions targeting cyberbullying should focus on the development of more adaptive styles of coping with emotions.

SHM-informed life-cycle intelligent maintenance of fatigue-sensitive detail using Bayesian forecasting and Markov decision process

Civil and maritime engineering systems must be efficiently managed to control the failure risk at an acceptable level as their performance is gradually degraded throughout the operational life, caused by fatigue and corrosion. Structural health monitoring develops a timely capability to assess the structural condition and performance metrics. However, using actual long-term monitoring data to guide the life-cycle management under stochastic environments has not been sufficiently studied. To realize an optimal maintenance strategy within the service life, an integrated monitoring-based optimal management framework is developed on the basis of the partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) and Bayesian forecasting. In the proposed framework, the stochastic fatigue processes are quantified by the state transition matrix. The Bayesian dynamic linear model is embedded in POMDPs as a continuous observation part to forecast the cycling impacts and estimate the deterioration rate using long-term dynamic strain responses. In addition, making use of the special features of the problem considered in this paper, an adaptive discretization strategy is proposed to alleviate the complexity of large discrete observed spaces in the POMDP. The applicability and feasibility of the framework are evaluated by intelligent maintenance of fatigue-sensitive components with real-world monitoring data. After solving the POMDP by an efficient offline solver, the results obtained in this paper demonstrate that structural interventions are uneconomical to extend the life when a welded detail is approaching its end of life due to the normal service. Furthermore, if multiple interventions are available, the framework can find optimal maintenance actions based on the trade-off between long-term utility and the corresponding cost. This framework as the prototype could also be adjusted to aid life-cycle intelligent maintenance of other types of components under different deterioration scenarios.

A time-relaxed Monte Carlo method preserving the Navier-Stokes asymptotics

In this paper, a new time-relaxed Monte Carlo (TRMC) method is proposed for the inhomogeneous Boltzmann equation. Compared to the standard TRMC scheme, the proposed method performs the same convection operator, however, divides the collision operator by a micro-macro decomposition. The continuous part of the collision operator is constructed based on the first-order Chapman-Enskog expansion and solved by an explicit second-order scheme, while the numerical solution of the rest nonequilibrium part is still provided by the standard TRMC scheme. In this way, the new TRMC method demonstrates the same accuracy as the standard TRMC scheme in the kinetic limit, however, preserves Navier-Stokes asymptotics and the second-order accuracy in the fluid limit. Several numerical cases of inhomogeneous flows, such as the one-dimensional Poiseuille flow, Sod tube flow, the shock wave and two-dimensional hypersonic flow past a cylinder, are calculated and compared with direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) or Navier-Stokes solutions. It is noted that the new TRMC scheme is more accurate and efficient than the standard TRMC and DSMC methods for simulations of multi-scale gas flows.

한국현대사 연구의 동향과 전망 - 원조·개발·발전사 연구를 중심으로 -

This study examines recent trends and future prospects in Korean contemporary history research by focusing on the research history of aid and development. The main goal is to provide a critical reflection on how Korean contemporary history studies have approached aid and development as a phased transition process. Furthermore, the study contends that understanding the historical context of growthism and developmentalism in Korea is essential. This requires departing from the universalist view of development that solely emphasizes progress in productive forces and economic growth. To achieve this, the periods of the Rhee Syngman and Park Chung-hee regimes during the 1950s-1970s should be viewed as a continuous part of Korean contemporary history. This approach allows tracing the changes in developmentalism over time and reflecting on how aid