Continuous Line Research Articles

Threadlike Piezoelectric Sensors Based on Ferroelectrets and Their Application in Washable and Breathable Smart Clothing

AbstractFerroelectrets, featuring strong piezoelectric activity, flexibility, lightweight, and low cost, are advanced material and have attractive prospects for various sensors and actuators. However, large‐scale production of ferroelectret‐based devices and their straightforward implementation in complicated structures remain difficult tasks. In this study, a novel self‐shielding threadlike piezoelectric pressure sensor based on irradiation cross‐linked polypropylene (IXPP) ferroelectrets with a symmetric coaxial structure, named Ferroelectret Coaxial Sensor (FCS), is designed, prepared, and characterized. Besides, such sensors with a length of up to 300 m are successfully produced by an industrial continuous production line, confirming that the fabrication procedure is compatible with it and that the FCS can be mass‐produced in the future. The results show that the hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficient up to 55 pC/N is achieved in the FCS, which is around four times of magnitude higher than those of commercially available piezo‐cables made of poly (vinylidene fluoride). Smart carpets and wristers weaved with an integrated FCS, that can be produced by an industrial production line, are sensitive, flexible/stretchable, washable, and breathable, demonstrating great potential in motion recognition for health care. A laboratory prototype of traffic sensors based on the FCS indicates its capability in speed meauring and dynamic weighing for vehicles. This study will greatly promote applications of ferroelectrets in wearable devices, smart housing, intelligent transportation, etc.

From fish to cells: Establishment of continuous cell lines from embryos of annual killifish Nothobranchius furzeri and N. kadleci

There is a growing need of alternative experimental models that avoid or minimize the use of animals due to ethical, economical, and scientific reasons. Surprisingly, the stable embryonic cell lines representing Nothobranchius spp., emerging vertebrate models in aging research, regenerative medicine, ecotoxicology, or genomics, have been not derived so far. This paper reports establishment and deep characterization of ten continuous cell lines from annual killifish embryos of N. furzeri and N. kadleci. The established cell lines exhibited mostly fibroblast- and epithelial-like morphology and steady growth rates with cell doubling time ranging from 27 to 40 h. All cell lines retained very similar characteristics even after continuous subcultivation (more than 100 passages) and extended storage in liquid nitrogen (∼3 years). The cytogenetic analysis of the cell lines revealed a diploid chromosome number mostly equal to 38 elements (i.e., the native chromosome count for both killifish species), with minor but diverse line/passage-specific karyotype changes compared to the patterns observed in non-cultured N. furzeri and N. kadleci somatic cells. Based on transcriptional analysis of marker genes, the cell lines displayed features of an undifferentiated state without signs of senescence even in advanced passages. We confirmed that the cell lines are transfectable and can form viable 3-D spheroids. The applicability of the cell lines for (eco)toxicological surveys was confirmed by assessing the effect of cytotoxic and growth inhibitory agents. Properties of established Nothobranchius embryonic cell lines open new possibilities for the application of this model in various fields of life sciences including molecular mechanisms of aging, karyotype (in)stability or differences in lifespan.

Extraction of line objects from piping and instrumentation diagrams using an improved continuous line detection algorithm

Extraction of line objects from piping and instrumentation diagrams using an improved continuous line detection algorithm

Simulation of Gas Jet Impingement Cooling in Continuous Heat Treatment Lines with the ANSYS GEKO Turbulence Model*

Abstract Gas impingement jets are widely applied in industrial cooling processes. In continuous heat treatment lines of steel, aluminium and copper strips, impingement jet nozzle systems are utilised to achieve rapid cooling or heating. The heat transfer depends on the flow but also on the geometric parameters such as nozzle to strip distance and the nozzle shape. The key challenge while designing cooling sections is to determine the performance of those nozzle systems or their Nusselt number respectively. Jet cooling sections are challenging to model with computational fluid dynamics or in an experimental set up. Yet, RANS-turbulence models are a cost-effective way to predict Nusselt numbers. In this work the capability of the ANSYS generalized k-omega (GEKO) two-equation turbulence model to determine the local and integral Nusselt number of an impinging air jet is evaluated. The results are contrasted to experimental investigations.

Continuous fish muscle cell line with capacity for myogenic and adipogenic-like phenotypes

Cell-cultivated fish offers the potential for a more ethical, sustainable, and safe seafood system. However, fish cell culture is relatively understudied in comparison to mammalian cells. Here, we established and characterized a continuous Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) skeletal muscle cell line (“Mack” cells). The cells were isolated from muscle biopsies of fresh-caught fish, with separate isolations performed from two distinct fish. Mack1 cells (cells from the first isolation) were cultured for over a year and subcultured over 130 times. The cells proliferated at initial doubling times of 63.9 h (± 19.1 SD). After a spontaneous immortalization crisis from passages 37–43, the cells proliferated at doubling times of 24.3 h (± 4.91 SD). A muscle phenotype was confirmed through characterization of muscle stemness and differentiation via paired-box protein 7 and myosin heavy chain immunostaining, respectively. An adipocyte-like phenotype was also demonstrated for the cells through lipid accumulation, confirmed via Oil Red O staining and quantification of neutral lipids. New qPCR primers (HPRT, PAX3B, MYOD1, MYOG, TNNT3A, and PPARG) were tailored to the mackerel genome and used to characterize mackerel cell genotypes. This work provides the first spontaneously immortalized fish muscle cell line for research, ideally serving as a reference for subsequent investigation.

An automatic spectral baseline estimation method and its application in industrial alkali-pulverized coal flames

Flame emission spectroscopy has a wide range of applications in combustion diagnostics. Processing the flame emission spectra is a key step for further spectral analysis, including both quantitative and qualitative analyses. This study examined an improved asymmetric reweighted penalized least squares (arPLS) method to accurately and automatically estimate flame emission spectral baselines without priori information for complex spectra (both continuous and discontinuous spectral) preprocessing scenarios. This method innovatively couples the original arPLS method with the radiation thermometry theory. Thus, it inherits the advantages of the original method and has increased robustness to parameter selection. The suitability of the proposed method in terms of the root mean square error (RMSE) and goodness-of-fit coefficient (GFC) was verified using the baseline estimation results of simulated spectra and comparisons with the results of the original arPLS and piecewise polynomial fitting (PPF) methods. This illustrated the feasibility and stability of the method as a key step in spectral signal processing for combustion diagnosis. Then, the temperature and emissivity of industrial alkali-pulverized coal flames were measured using spectral equipment based on the presented method. The results showed that the continuous spectral lines estimated by this method could reach a GFC value of 0.9999. Compared with the temperature measurement results based on the baselines obtained by PPF, the temperature errors calculated using the estimation results of the presented method were within 1%.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EQUINE RHINOPNEUMONIA VIRUS AK-2011

Equine rhinopneumonitis is an acute, highly contagious disease found virtually worldwide. The object of the studies was the AK-2011 strain isolated from the horses suffering from rhinopneumonitis during an outbreak of abortions. The viability of the AK-2011 strain was assessed using a continuous line of calf trachea cells, a continuous line of calf kidney cells, a continuous line of sheep kidney cells, a continuous line of bovine kidney cells, a continuous line of green monkey kidney cells, a continuous line of Syrian hamster kidney cells, a primary trypsinized culture of horse kidney cells grown in tubes and flasks, and the AK-2011 laboratory strain of equine rhinopneumonitis virus with biological activity of 6.0 lg TCID50/cm3. Sequencing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis were performed. The virus isolated from the ORF68 gene in Kazakhstan appeared to be the most similar to the T-953 and 2222-03 strains isolated in the USA and Australia, respectively, in terms of phylogenetics. As to primary infections, cytopathic effects (CPE) induced by the AK-2011 virus stain (dilution 101) in calf trachea and horse kidney cell cultures were stable from the 1st to 10th passages, with biological activity of 5.75-6.00 lg TCID50/cm3. CPE caused by the virus were apparent on days 2-3, further developed intensively, and extended to 60-80% of the cell monolayer on days 5-7. In calf kidney, sheep kidney, green monkey kidney, and bovine kidney cell cultures, the same changes were observed 1-2 days later. The changes were slow, and by day 7-10 CPE extended to no more than 30-50% of ​​the cell monolayer. An attenuated strain AK-2011 of equine rhinopneumonitis virus was obtained. It was considered a candidate for the manufacture of a vaccine for equine rhinopneumonitis. Thus, the attenuated strain AK-2011 of the equine rhinopneumonitis virus was characterized.

Uni-layer magnets: a new concept for LTS and HTS based superconducting magnets

A novel geometrical configuration to form a magnetic field perpendicular to an aperture, created by an asymmetric current distribution, within a single layer, and using a continuous ideal current line, named the uni-layer (UL) magnet, is here presented. The idea is compared to existing concepts in superconducting magnets, namely, the sector magnet, stress managed and canted . The UL magnet allows for a design with a continuous unit length (no layer jump), and an increased minimum bending radius of the conductor in relation to traditional and canted designs. The specific characteristics of the UL design are especially advantageous for strain-sensitive and prone to winding degradation high-temperature superconductors, in very high field accelerator magnet applications, in which, high efficiency in the use of conductor, and a small aperture are required. The advantages with regard to the design and fabrication of UL magnets in relation to other concepts are also discussed.

Size-dependent nonlinear vibration analysis of cracked graphene-platelets-reinforced-composites (GPLRC) plate under parametric excitation

The response of a size-dependent randomly distributed graphene-platelet-reinforced-composite (GPLRC) plates, with an inclined part-through surface crack, resting on viscoelastic foundation under the action of periodic parametric excitation with quadratic and cubic nonlinearities are studied in the present study. The crack is centrally located at the center of the plate while inclined at an angle β concerning the X-axis. The angled crack’s mathematical formulation is based on a line-spring model. Indeed, the assumption of the problem is considered as the crack remains a continuous straight line. Nonlinearity is considered based on Berger’s formulation and Von-Karman’s geometric relations. Using classical plate theory, Eringen’s theory, micromechanical models, and equilibrium equation, the governing equation of motion of the problem have been derived. Then the Galerkin method was applied to transform the partial differential equation into the ordinary one. Eventually, the solution procedure of the cubic–quadratic nonlinear equation was followed by the multiple-scale perturbation method. Steady-state response and nonlinear softening or hardening treatment of the problem have been presented. Significant results of the study can be emphasized as GPLs, crack’s dimension and inclination, nonlocal parameter, damping, and detuning parameter effects on nonlinear behavior and stability of the structure. Dispersing GPLs as reinforcement material in the plate layer caused improvement in structural behavior, as the amplitude response of the system with the presence of a crack is decreased, comparing to a similar system without any reinforcement and crack. In the end, current work will help in the development of nonlinear behavior, stability analysis and critical bifurcation points of size-dependent cracked GPLRC plate exposed to external parametric loading.

Development, characterization and in vitro applications of a thymus cell line from Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage 1878)

Pangasianodon hypophthalmus is an economically important catfish species cultured in India. In the present study, a continuous cell line from the thymus of P. hypophthalmus (PHT) was established using the explant method and subcultured 52 times since development. PHT cells showed optimal growth in L-15 medium containing 20% fetal bovine serum at 28°C. The species of the cell line from striped catfish was confirmed through PCR amplification and sequencing of 16S, and COI genes. The cell line was found to be Mycoplasma free. The modal chromosome number of PHT cells was 60 (2n). Immunophenotyping using different antibodies showed the epithelial nature of the cells. Cytotoxicity of arsenic and mercury was assessed using Neutral red and MTT assay, which revealed reduced cell survival with an increase in toxicant concentration. Cells transfected successfully with the GFP reporter gene using lipofectamine reagent indicated the suitability of the cell line for expression studies. The cell line has been submitted to NRFC, Lucknow with accession no. NRFC-078 at ICAR-NBFGR, Lucknow. The developed cell line will have applications in suspected viral disease investigation, transgenic, and immunological studies.

Electrohydrodynamically Printed High‐resolution Arrays Based on Stabilized CsPbBr3 Quantum Dot Inks

AbstractHigh‐resolution perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) arrays printed by electrohydrodynamic (EHD) inkjet printing show great application prospects in fields of micro‐display. Commonly, EHD inkjet requires a polar system for printing but it easily quenches the PeQDs. Meanwhile, the mismatch of solvent parameters causes uneven surface morphology and printing instability. In this work, a morphology uniformization strategy of a nonpolar binary solvent system of 1,3,5‐triethylbenzene and n‐tetradecane is proposed to prepare the didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB)/PbBr2 passivated PeQDs inks. When the solvent volume ratio is 5:5, the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the ink reaches 94.06%. Benefiting from the match of boiling point, surface tension, and dielectric constant of ink, after the EHD inkjet printing, the line width of continuous smooth line arrays is as narrow as 2.0 µm and the coffee effect of dot arrays is well inhibited. Meanwhile, derived from the strong electrostatic interaction between the π‐electron structure of 1,3,5‐triethylbenzene and DDA+, the ink exhibits high stability. Moreover, the high‐resolution logo and miniature quick responsecode by EHD inkjet printing reach 22 718 dpi, far higher than that of the reported micro‐LED. This work paves the way for high‐resolution pixel arrays of micro‐display.

Local Field Enhancement Due to the Edge States of Nanoplasmonic Crystal

In this paper, we describe the effect of local electric field enhancement due to the existence of photonic edge states in a nanoplasmonic crystal. These states can be excited by a normal incident wave and are localized along the continuous line defect, where translational symmetry is broken. The nanoplasmonic crystal is formed by a triangular lattice of SiO2 cylinders on top of SiO2 and Ag thin films. Numerical simulations demonstrated that edge modes that are concentrated around a defect in a nanophotonic crystal may result in 12 field enhancements of the electric field for the incident plane wave of wavelength 545 nm. This effect can be employed for improving the sensitivity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy, increasing the Purcell factor of quantum systems and improving the efficiency of higher harmonic generation.

Spectral labour in the Fens of Eastern England

This article performs a site-specific and critical reading of agricultural labour in the Fen landscape in the East of England to explore lived experiences of class in this landscape. The analysis is based on fieldwork and archival research undertaken between 2017 and 2019. The article disrupts conventional division between migrant and domestic labour through employing the critical theoretical lens of the German Jewish cultural critic Walter Benjamin. The article traces previously obscured narratives of agricultural labour that glimmer in the dark light of the disruption of the distinction between migrant and domestic experiences. In doing so it follows lines of continuity and connectivity through the novel concept of the ‘spectral labourer’. This concept is used to draw out the significance of tenuous and evolving chains of citizenship and state exclusion within the agricultural working classes in the Fen region.

An Overview Study on Laser Technology and Conventional Technology’s Effect on Wood and Sheet Metal Manufacturing for The Furniture Industry

The laser was one of the most important inventions of the twentieth century, improving many aspects of daily life. Because of its clean cutting-edge capabilities, delicate welding lines, potent etching strokes, high power operation, and precise distance measurement capabilities, laser technology has gradually taken over and dominated the mechanical market, particularly in the field of material handling and metal parts for the furniture industry. By creating intricate and continuous features, lines, shapes, and patterns in metal using lasers, the wood, and sheet metal furniture industries are given new opportunities. However, it is still confusing for designers and manufacturers which is the best method to produce their designs. Hence, there is a need to compare the conventional technology of traded furniture production with laser technology. In order to support the industry in a way that serves to save time and effort and enhances sustainability. We demonstrate that using laser cutting and engraving devices in intricate and sophisticated processing is an amazing technology on flat sheet materials. In conclusion, the laser is more flexible in conjugation with a high degree of accuracy, and the quality of the cutting kerf all add up to make the use of this tool particularly interesting for machining. The focused beam of a modern CO2 laser cuts wood and metal sheets quickly, and accurately and requires no contact or clamping. There is no tool wear and the laser is more or less maintenance-free. Otherwise, using a CNC router is preferred when cutting, or engraving in case of thick wood or metals sheet.

A política externa russa um ano depois: narrativas múltiplas e as suas implicações

This article aims to analyse the multiple narratives that have been informing Moscow’s policies, since Russia’s unwarranted invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022. This analysis addresses lines of continuity and change in Russian foreign policy, including several of Putin’s speeches over this past year of war, in dialogue with the dominant narratives that accompany them, in order to clarify actions and options. The article concludes that Putin’s Russian foreign policy in 2022 reveals a clear search for discursive continuities, but ultimately highlights not only discontinuities but also inconsistencies that limit its credibility.

Optimizing the production technology of eco-friendly foam polyurethane panels on the continuous line

With the preeminent features of polyurethane (PU) panels such as sound insulation, heat insulation, fireproof, high load capacity, lightweight, high aesthetics, especially using simple and easy assembly construction and move, so new PU panel is now the first choice for construction projects. In this work, the authors study the new generation physical foaming agent cyclopentane that is environmentally friendly and completely does not destroy the ozone layer. Study investigating and evaluating the effect of content of physical foam cyclopentane on free expansion density, reaction time of rigid polyurethane foam (R-PUF), and reaction time values ​​(cream time, gel time, tack-free time, and rise time). The morphology and size of the closed-cell of the R-PUF samples with cyclopentane concentrations increasing from 0% to 20% are observed by the optical microscope image and the closed-cell size distribution chart is determined by IT3 software. In addition, the physical and mechanical properties of dimensional stability and compressive strength were analyzed to evaluate the quality of the expanded R-PUF insulation in the mold using a cyclopentane physical foaming agent. Experimental procedures according to Taguchi's analysis on the continuous production line are aimed at giving optimal parameters for the industrial PU panel manufacturing process. The research results provide an excellent reference value for manufacturers to further improve the performance and quality of PU panels.

Research on Strip Profile Control Characteristics of 1500 mm Quintic CVC Mill

Compared with cubic Continuously Variable Crown (CVC), quintic CVC presents integrated control capability of quadratic and quartic crown. In order to take full advantage of quintic CVC and have better comprehensive control of the edge wave, center wave, high order wave and complex wave in practical application, it is necessary to further clarify the complicated profile control characteristics of quintic CVC. In this paper, quintic CVC technology in a 1500 mm continuous hot rolling mill production line has been taken as the research object and use finite element method to study its profile control characteristics. Through finite element simulation, an integrated model of rolls and strip was established to analyze the influence of the shifting, bending force and rolling force on strip profile with different strip widths. Both crown adjustment area and transverse stiffness are gained to study the control capability of quintic CVC. The simulation results show that the positive shifting and positive bending of CVC work roll reduce the quadratic crown and increase the quartic crown, and the controlling effect of shifting on both quadratic and quartic crown is more remarkable than that of bending. The control capability of the crown increases with the increase of strip width. That is, wider strip has a larger crown adjustment area. Meanwhile, there is a strong coupling relationship that the increase of quadratic crown can lead to the decrease of the quartic crown, which is not good for the flexible control of strip profile. With the increase of rolling force, the quadratic crown of strip increases significantly, while the quartic crown does not change obviously. Additionally, the increase of strip width significantly increases the transverse stiffness of mill.

Sustainable Production of Polyamide 6 Fibers: Direct Melt Spinning and Efficient Reuse of Residual Oligomers during Polymerization

Direct melt spinning of PA6 from a polymerization reactor is currently unachievable in the industrial production of polyamide 6 (PA6) fibers because the hydrolysis polymerization of its monomer (caprolactam) is a reversible reaction which requires a boiling water extraction of oligomers from the polymer before melt spinning. Here, we proposed a polymerization method where the content of the cyclic dimer is controlled by reducing the temperature at the monomer ring-opening stage and the content of oligomers is monitored by rapid devolatilization through the polycondensation stage. As a result, the content of oligomers in PA6 is less than 1.5 wt % and the cyclic dimer is at 0.1–0.3 wt %, which are 80 and 48% lower than the values for the conventional PA6 production process. This allows for direct melt spinning of PA6 fibers at the industrial scale (spinning speed: 4000 m/min and a continuous production line of 10 kg/h), which reduces the production time from over 40 h to within 10 h, and the resource consumption reduces by over 30%. The resulting PA6 fibers show comparable mechanical and dyeing properties to those spun with the conventional multistep spinning method. In addition, the unreacted oligomers extracted during the polymerization stage can be directly reused in the polymerization, with no further treatment. This work provides an effective route to the sustainable production of PA6 fibers at the industrial scale, which significantly decreases the consumption of resources and the generation of chemical wastes while improving the production efficiency.

A Beginner's Guide to Cell Culture: Practical Advice for Preventing Needless Problems.

The cultivation of cells in a favorable artificial environment has become a versatile tool in cellular and molecular biology. Cultured primary cells and continuous cell lines are indispensable in investigations of basic, biomedical, and translation research. However, despite their important role, cell lines are frequently misidentified or contaminated by other cells, bacteria, fungi, yeast, viruses, or chemicals. In addition, handling and manipulating of cells is associated with specific biological and chemical hazards requiring special safeguards such as biosafety cabinets, enclosed containers, and other specialized protective equipment to minimize the risk of exposure to hazardous materials and to guarantee aseptic work conditions. This review provides a brief introduction about the most common problems encountered in cell culture laboratories and some guidelines on preventing or tackling respective problems.

Editorial

The Journal of Scientific and Technological Research Industrial - Professionals On Line, allows the publication of articles in all areas of Industrial Engineering and its applications; Summaries of master's and doctoral theses, technical opinions, book reviews and conference articles are also published after acceptance by the Editorial Committee.The magazine is published biannually in Spanish, Portuguese and English in digital format, the latter presentation being free. The articles that are submitted to the arbitration of the INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING journal must be original and unpublished, and cannot be submitted for simultaneous consideration of evaluation in another academic or professional journal, nor may they have been partially or totally published in another journal. The received articles are subjected to a review of similarities, with the Turnitin software: up to two continuous lines of similarity with another document are accepted.