Continuous-Flow Device Research Articles

Gas-liquid two-phase flow-based triboelectric nanogenerator with ultrahigh output power.

Solid-liquid triboelectric nanogenerators (SL-TENGs) have shown promising prospects in energy harvesting and application from water resources. However, the low contact separation speed, small contact area, and long contacting time during solid-liquid electrification severely limit their output properties and further applications. Here, by leveraging the rheological properties of gas-liquid two-phase flow and the Venturi-like design, we circumvent these limitations and develop a previously unknown gas-liquid two-phase flow-based TENG (GL-TENG) that can achieve ultrahigh voltage and volumetric charge density of 3789 volts and 859 millicoulombs per cubic meter, respectively. With a high-power output of 143.6 kilowatts per cubic meter, a 24-watt commercial lamp can be directly lighted by a continuous-flow GL-TENG device. The high performance displayed SL-TENGs in this work provides a promising strategy for the practical application of solid-liquid TENGs in energy harvesting and sensing applications.

Percolation-assisted coating of metal-organic frameworks on porous substrates

In the past two decades, significant advancements have been made toward thin film fabrication of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) on porous solid substrates for gas separation and catalysis applications. To enhance the physical and chemical stability of the films, various top-down and bottom-up approaches have been implemented. While both approaches have some advantages, they are mostly limited due to a lack of adhesion with the substrate, cracking of the films, and non-uniform coverages. Therefore, there is a need for improvement in the coating processes for the fabrication of robust, uniform, and scalable films. Here, we develop a novel percolation-assisted coating (PAC) process that combines top-down and bottom-up approaches in a continuous-flow microfluidic device to deposit HKUST-1 on a porous substrate, yielding controlled film thicknesses and mass loading. The PAC process is optimized using a Multiphysics modeling approach to design the microfluidic reactor, which can be readily scaled up and deployed to fabricate MOF films on various porous substrates. The desired thickness in the range of 10–200 μm of the MOF film can be achieved by controlling the residence time and temperature of the reaction mixture. The synthesized film is characterized for physical adhesion using sonication, film coverage using scanning electron microscopy, and porosity using a porosimeter. The performance of synthesized films is benchmarked for the effective separation of 50 vol% CH4–H2 gas mixture with the separation factor of 4. The microfluidic device is also applicable to synthesize films of various MOFs like MOF-5, MOF-505 (also reported here), UIO-66, etc., over a wide range of porous substrates. Lastly, we propose a multi-chamber design of the microfluidic device for high-throughput screening of thin-film growth using the PAC process.

Ventricular Assist Devices: Challenges of the One-device Era.

Heart failure (HF) is linked to to high mortality rates and recurrent hospitalisations despite medical and device-based achievements. The use of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) has improved survival among patients with advanced HF. Significant progress has been achieved with the new generation of continuous-flow devices, particularly with the fully magnetically levitated HeartMate 3. In June 2021, Medtronic announced the abrupt withdrawal of the HeartWare device from the market. This decision has introduced a new era in which the field of mechanical support for advanced HF patients is dominated by a single device - the HeartMate 3. The direct clinical and economic consequences of this change will necessitate new surgical considerations. Because of the expected need for HeartWare device replacement in small patients, new surgical techniques and device adaptation will be needed. The new single-device era will hopefully encourage scientists and engineers to create innovations in the advanced HF arena. Special considerations should be taken during the COVID-19 pandemic when treating patients with LVADs.

Microfluidic vortex focusing for high throughput synthesis of size-tunable liposomes

Control over vesicle size during nanoscale liposome synthesis is critical for defining the pharmaceutical properties of liposomal nanomedicines. Microfluidic technologies capable of size-tunable liposome generation have been widely explored, but scaling these microfluidic platforms for high production throughput without sacrificing size control has proven challenging. Here we describe a microfluidic-enabled process in which highly vortical flow is established around an axisymmetric stream of solvated lipids, simultaneously focusing the lipids while inducing rapid convective and diffusive mixing through application of the vortical flow field. By adjusting the individual buffer and lipid flow rates within the system, the microfluidic vortex focusing technique is capable of generating liposomes with precisely controlled size and low size variance, and may be operated up to the laminar flow limit for high throughput vesicle production. The reliable formation of liposomes as small as 27 nm and mass production rates over 20 g/h is demonstrated, offering a path toward production-scale liposome synthesis using a single continuous-flow vortex focusing device.

Ventricular Assist Device Outcomes in Infants and Children With Stage 1 Single Ventricle Palliation.

Data on ventricular assist device (VAD) outcomes in infants with stage 1 single ventricle (SV) palliation are limited. We examined the Advanced Cardiac Therapies Improving Outcomes Network (ACTION) registry for outcomes of pre/poststage 1 SV patients undergoing VAD implantation between March 2018 and October 2020. Data are collected from 32 centers and major adverse events undergo central adjudication. During the study period, 30 stage 1 SV patients underwent VAD implant with median age of 0.9 months (range 0.1-25) and weight 3.7 kg (2.4-17). Preimplant illness severity was high: ventilator support (90%), ECMO (30%), prior cerebral vascular accident (CVA, 23%), and dialysis (13%). Devices used included paracorporeal pulsatile (50%), paracorporeal continuous-flow (37%), and multiple devices (13%). Median support duration was 56 days (range 3-246). A positive clinical outcome (transplanted or weaned) was attained in 63% (63% transplanted, 37% mortality, 0% weaned). VAD adverse events included: major infection (43%), neurologic dysfunction (any = 30%; CVA = 20%), major bleeding (17%), renal dysfunction (13%), and device malfunction (3%). In conclusion, stage 1 SV patients undergoing VAD support have high preimplant illness severity and complexity, as well as significant morbidity and mortality postimplant. A variety of devices and strategies are employed by centers to support this challenging population.

Recent approaches to mRNA vaccine delivery by lipid-based vectors prepared by continuous-flow microfluidic devices.

Advancements in nanotechnology have resulted in the introduction of several nonviral delivery vectors for the nontoxic, efficient delivery of encapsulated mRNA-based vaccines. Lipid- and polymer-based nanoparticles (NP) have proven to be the most potent delivery systems, providing increased delivery efficiency and protection of mRNA molecules from degradation. Here, the authors provide an overview of the recent studies carried out using lipid NPs and their functionalized forms, polymeric and lipid-polymer hybrid nanocarriers utilized mainly for the encapsulation of mRNAs for gene and immune therapeutic applications. A microfluidic system as a prevalent methodology for the preparation of NPs with continuous flow enables NP size tuning, rapid mixing and production reproducibility. Continuous-flow microfluidic devices for lipid and polymeric encapsulated RNA NP production are specifically reviewed.

연속식 에멀젼 플로우 공법을 이용한 희토류의 용매추출 공정 연구

In this study, solvent extraction was performed by fabricating a continuous emulsion flow device. To confirm the optimal separation conditions of light rare earth and Dy in the chlorinated rare earth aqueous solution obtained in the recovery process of the waste Nd magnet, an experiment was conducted with this equipment by varying the flow rate ratio of the aqueous and organic phases. As the aqueous solution flow rate ratio increased, the extraction rate and separation coefficient of rare earths decreased. The optimal separation conditions were the highest with a flow rate ratio of O/A = 10/1, Dy extraction rate of 96%, and separation coefficient of 116.

Effect of preoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy on postventricular assist device outcomes: an analysis of the STS Pedimacs database.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support prior to ventricular assist device (VAD) therapy is frequently used for stabilizing INTERMACS 1 and 2 paediatric patients. Data regarding outcomes with this strategy is limited. Patient characteristics and outcomes post-VAD therapy with and without preop ECMO support were compared. Survival and risk factor analysis was performed for all patients and INTERMACS profile 1 subgroup. Of 541 INTERMACS 1 and 2 patients enrolled in Paediatric Interagency Registry for Mechanical Circulatory Support registry, 391 received primary VAD implantation and ECMO prior to VAD therapy was utilized in 150 patients. Younger age (P < 0.0001) and shock (P < 0.0001) were more common in group 2, with lower survival at 1, 6 and 12 months compared to group 1 (P < 0.0001). Freedom from infection (P = 0.03) was higher in group 1. Freedom from stroke (P = 0.7) was similar. Paracorporeal continuous flow devices led to poor survival in both groups 1 and 2 (P = 0.4). Implantable continuous flow (P < 0.0001) and paracorporeal pulsatile devices (P = 0.007) had better survival in primary VAD group. INTERMACS profile 1, lower weight, hepatic dysfunction, renal failure, paracorporeal continuous and percutaneous devices were associated with higher mortality. Preop ECMO therapy was not associated with higher mortality (P = 0.12). Survival of INTERMACS profile 1 patient was similar at 1, 6 and 12 months in both groups (P = 0.1). INTERMACS profile 1, lower weight, hepatic dysfunction, renal failure and use of paracorporeal continuous flow or percutaneous assist devices are associated with a higher postoperative mortality. Preop ECMO therapy however is not independently associated with higher postop mortality.

Peroxymonosulfate activation by Mg-introduced Fe-N carbon nanotubes to accelerate sulfamethoxazole degradation: Singlet oxygen-dominated nonradical pathway

Here, Mg-introduced Fe-N carbon nanotube catalysts (FeMg@NCNTs) were prepared for peroxymonosulfate (PMS). Experiments suggested that the introduction of Mg improved the removal of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and found a transformation from the original radical pathway to a nonradical pathway dominated by singlet oxygen (1O2). XPS characterization demonstrated an enhanced pyridinic N content with the introduction of Mg. SMX degradation was not inhibited by pH, coexisting ions, or humic acid (HA). The free radical scavengers and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) indicate that the primary reactive substance was 1O2. Experimentally, 1O2 was proven to have a predominant effect on the degradation of SMX. The concentration of 1O2 increased 6.37 times after the introduction of Mg. Four decomposition pathways and three fragile sites for SMX were proposed by DFT calculations and HPLC-MS. The toxicity estimation software tool (T.E.S.T) analyzed the intermediates with lower ecotoxicity than SMX. The different contaminants (CIP, BPA, TBBPA, TCS, TC and Rh B) had a removal rate of more than 99% at 60 min except TC. The removal rates of SMX in tap water, river water and lake water were 100%, 96.6% and 93.1% in 40 min, respectively. The SMX degradation efficiency remained good after 5 cycles of the experiment. FeMg@NCNTs hydrogel catalyst continuous flow device exceeded 90% within 15 h for SMX removal efficiency and the Rh B is always running at 99% removal rate. In conclusion, this work provides a singlet oxygen-dominated non-radical pathway activating material and provides a new option for antibiotic wastewater degradation and practical applications.

Durable ventricular assist device in Spain (2007-2020). First report of the REGALAD registry

Introduction and objectivesThis report presents the clinical characteristics, outcomes and complications of all consecutive patients implanted with a long-term mechanical circulatory support device in Spain between 2007 and 2020. MethodsAnalysis of the Spanish Registry of durable ventricular assist devices (REGALAD) including data form Spanish centers with a mechanical circulatory support program. ResultsDuring the study period, 263 ventricular assist devices were implanted in 22 hospitals. The implanted device was an isolated continuous-flow left ventricular assist device in 182 patients (69%), a pulsatile-flow device (58 isolated left ventricular and 21 biventricular) in 79 (30%), and a total artificial heart in 2 patients (1%). The strategy of the implant was as bridge to heart transplant in 78 patients (30%), bridge to candidacy in 110 (42%), bridge to recovery in 3 (1%) and destination therapy in 72 patients (27%). Overall survival at 6, 12 and 24 months was 79%, 74% and 69%, respectively, and was better in continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (84%, 80%, and 75%). The main adverse events related to this therapy were infections (37% of patients), bleeding (35%), neurological (29%), and device malfunction (17%). ConclusionsDurable ventricular assist devices have emerged in Spain in the last few years as a useful therapy for patients with advanced heart failure. As in other international registries, the current trend is to use continuous-flow intracorporeal left ventricular devices, which are associated with better results. Adverse events continue to be frequent and severe.

Asistencia ventricular de larga duración en España (2007-2020). I informe del registro REGALAD

Introduction and objectivesThis report presents the clinical characteristics, outcomes and complications of all consecutive patients implanted with a long-term mechanical circulatory support device in Spain between 2007 and 2020. MethodsAnalysis of the Spanish Registry of durable ventricular assist devices (REGALAD) including data form Spanish centers with a mechanical circulatory support program. ResultsDuring the study period, 263 ventricular assist devices were implanted in 22 hospitals. The implanted device was an isolated continuous-flow left ventricular assist device in 182 patients (69%), a pulsatile-flow device (58 isolated left ventricular and 21 biventricular) in 79 (30%), and a total artificial heart in 2 patients (1%). The strategy of the implant was as bridge to heart transplant in 78 patients (30%), bridge to candidacy in 110 (42%), bridge to recovery in 3 (1%) and destination therapy in 72 patients (27%). Overall survival at 6, 12 and 24 months was 79%, 74% and 69%, respectively, and was better in continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (84%, 80%, and 75%). The main adverse events related to this therapy were infections (37% of patients), bleeding (35%), neurological (29%), and device malfunction (17%). ConclusionsDurable ventricular assist devices have emerged in Spain in the last few years as a useful therapy for patients with advanced heart failure. As in other international registries, the current trend is to use continuous-flow intracorporeal left ventricular devices, which are associated with better results. Adverse events continue to be frequent and severe.Full English text available from:www.revespcardiol.org/en

A Portable Continuous-Flow Polymerase Chain Reaction Chip Device Integrated with Arduino Boards for Detecting Colla corii asini.

Food security is a significant issue in modern society. Because morphological characters are not reliable enough to distinguish authentic traditional Chinese medicines, it is essential to establish an effective and applicable method to identify them to protect people’s health. Due to the expensive cost of the manufacturing process and the large volume of the analytical system, the need to build a portable and cheap device is urgent. This work describes the development of a portable nucleic acid amplification device integrated with thermal control and liquid pumping connecting to Arduino boards. We present a novel microfluidic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) chip with symmetric isothermal zones. The total chip volume is small, and only one Arduino board is needed for thermal control. We assemble a miniaturized liquid pump and program an Arduino file to push the sample mixture into the chip to implement the PCR process. In the proposed operation, the Nusselt number of the sample flow is less than one, and the heat transfer is conduction only. Then we can ensure temperature uniformity in specific reaction regions. A Colla corii asini DNA segment of 200 bp is amplified to evaluate the PCR performance under the various operational parameters. The initial concentration for accomplishing the PCR process is at least 20 ng/μL at the flow rate of 0.4 μL/min in the portable continuous flow PCR (CFPCR) device. To our knowledge, our group is the first to introduce Arduino boards into the heat control and sample pumping modules for a CFPCR device.

On the efficiency of convective mixing in a Y-shaped channel

Continuous-flow microfluidic devices are widely used in microbiology, fine organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, biomedicine, etc. Most applications require rapid mixing of the fluids that pass through the microfluidic chip. The mechanism of natural diffusion is not always efficient due to limitations on the length of the channel. In this work, we numerically study the efficiency of using various mechanisms of natural convection for the mixing of fluids entering the microfluidic chip. Solutions typically differ in buoyancy and diffusion rates of dissolved components, making them sensitive to gravity-dependent instabilities such as Rayleigh-Taylor convection, double diffusion and diffusion layer convection. We consider a Y-shaped microchannel, which is, on the one hand, the simplest, and, on the other hand, a typical element of a microfluidic network. We assume that two miscible solutions independently flow into a common channel where they come into contact. For each type of instability, we numerically estimated the characteristic channel length, after which complete mixing of the solutions occurs. The simulations were performed in the framework of both 2D and 3D models. Finally, we compare the numerical results with the experimental data obtained recently.

Chest Compressions in Pediatric Patients With Continuous-Flow Ventricular Assist Devices: Case Series and Proposed Algorithm.

Patients with continuous flow ventricular assist devices (CF-VAD's) in the systemic ventricle (left ventricle or single ventricle) often have no palpable pulses, unreliable pulse oximetry waveforms and non-pulsatile arterial waveforms despite hemodynamic stability. When circulatory decompensation occurs, standard indicators to begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) which are used in other pediatric patients (i.e., significant bradycardia or loss of pulse) cannot be applied in the same fashion. In this population, there may already be pulselessness and development of bradycardia in and of itself would not trigger chest compressions. There are no universal guidelines to dictate when to consider chest compressions in this population. As such, there may be a delay in decision-making or in recognizing the need for chest compressions, even in patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICU) and cared for by experienced staff who perform CPR regularly. We present four examples of pediatric cardiac ICU patients from a single center who underwent CPR between 2018 and 2019. Based on this case series, we propose a decision-making algorithm for chest compressions in pediatric patients with CF-VADs in the systemic ventricle.

Trojan pH-Sensitive Polymer Particles Produced in a Continuous-Flow Capillary Microfluidic Device Using Water-in-Oil-in-Water Double-Emulsion Droplets.

A facile and robust microfluidic method to produce nanoparticle-in-microparticle systems (Trojan systems) is reported as a delivery vector for the oral administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients. The microfluidic system is based on two coaxial capillaries that produce monodisperse water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions in a highly controlled fashion with precise control over the resulting particle structure, including the core and shell dimensions. The influence of the three phase flow rates, pH and drying process on the formation and overall size is evaluated. These droplets are then used as templates for the production of pH-sensitive Trojan microparticles after solvent evaporation. The shell of Trojan microparticles is made of Eudragit®, a methacrylic acid-ethyl acrylate copolymer that would enable the Trojan microparticle payload to first pass through the stomach without being degraded and then dissolve in the intestinal fluid, releasing the inner payload. The synthesis of the pH-sensitive Trojan microparticles was also compared with a conventional batch production method. The payloads considered in this work were different in nature: (1) fluorescein, to validate the feasibility of the polymeric shell to protect the payload under gastric pH; (2) poly(D,L-lactic acid/glycolic acid)-PLGA nanoparticles loaded with the antibiotic rifampicin. These PLGA nanoparticles were produced also using a microfluidic continuous process and (3) PLGA nanoparticles loaded with Au nanoparticles to trace the PLGA formulation under different environments (gastric and intestinal), and to assess whether active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) encapsulation in PLGA is due efficiently. We further showed that Trojan microparticles released the embedded PLGA nanoparticles in contact with suitable media, as confirmed by electron microscopy. Finally, the results show the possibility of developing Trojan microparticles in a continuous manner with the ability to deliver therapeutic nanoparticles in the gastrointestinal tract.

MOFs decorated sugarcane catalytic filter for water purification

MOFs nanoparticles decorated sugarcane-based cellulose hierarchical porous framework as a free-standing catalytic filter for water purification. • ZIF-67 are in-situ immobilized on sugarcane to achieve ZIF-67@SC catalytic filter. • The ZIF-67@SC shows high catalytic activity and treatment flux for MB degradation. • The amount of ZIF-67 loaded regulates the catalytic performance of ZIF-67@SC. • Dominant free radicals (SO 4 - · and ·OH) during MB degradation are verified. • Proof-of-concept continuous-flow water purification devices are demonstrated. Developing high-performance catalytic filter with both high removal efficiency and ultra-high flux, especially under gravity-driven conditions, is of great significance yet still a fundamental challenge in organic wastewater purification. Herein, a high-efficiency gravity-driven catalytic filter, ZIF-67 decorated sugarcane that is denoted as ZIF-67@SC sponge, is successfully constructed by the in-situ growing ZIF-67 nanoparticles inside the channels of biomass sugarcane skeleton. Pretreatment of cellulose fibers with alkali can set the nucleation sites for the ZIF-67 nanocrystals decoration on the sugarcane skeleton, which originates from the ion exchange between Co 2+ and Na + . The effect of the perforated plate structures of sugarcane on fluid obstruction and the widely distributed ZIF-67 nanoparticles can synergistically enhance the contraction between organic pollutants and ZIF-67 nanoparticles. The resultant ZIF-67@SC sponge therefore exhibits the superior removal efficiency up to 86.99 % for methylene blue (MB) in water with the water treatment flux of ∼ 2720 L m -2 h −1 under the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS). Importantly, the ZIF-67@SC sponge catalytic filter can be readily regenerated by a simple methanol washing, maintaining the removal efficiency of 82.09 % after even 10 continuous regeneration cycles. Furthermore, the ZIF-67@SC sponge catalytic filter can be facilely engineer as a continuous-flow catalytic reactor like a water purifier for high throughout wastewater purification. It’s believed that relying on the outstanding catalytic performance of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and the unique skeletons of sugarcane and other biomass materials, the present outcomes can be promising by extended to the large-scale water remediation.

Safety and Feasibility of Exercise Rehabilitation in Children with Ventricular Assist Devices.

Children with advanced heart failure may require ventricular assist devices (VAD) while awaiting heart transplantation. Currently, no data exist regarding the safety of exercise rehabilitation (ER) in children on VAD support. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and feasibility of ER in children on VAD support awaiting heart transplantation. Eligible patients underwent VAD placement between 1998 and 2019; both inpatient and outpatient participants were included. After VAD implantation and when ambulatory, patients were enrolled in ER. Exercise sessions were scheduled three times a week and consisted of aerobic and musculoskeletal conditioning. A total of 29 patients (59% male, mean age 14 ± 3.2years) were included with a median VAD duration of 120 ± 109days. Cardiac diagnoses included cardiomyopathy (81%) and congenital heart disease (19%). VAD type included pulsatile (59%) and continuous-flow devices (41%). Eight hundred and sixty-four (85%) ER sessions were successfully completed and began at a mean of 49days (range 19-108) after VAD implant. No adverse events, including episodes of hypotension, significant complex arrhythmia, or VAD malfunction occurred during exercise testing or ER, and no sessions were discontinued prematurely. Pediatric patients on VAD support can safely participate in ER with relatively high compliance, and sessions can be implemented early after VAD implantation. Given the safety profile, ER in pediatric VAD recipients, which is a modifiable pre-transplant risk factor that may improve functional capacity, warrants further study as a potential modality to improve post-transplant outcomes.

Ecosafety Screening of Photo-Fenton Process for the Degradation of Microplastics in Water

Microplastic pollution is receiving increased attention due to the realization of its hazards to aquatic and human life. Researchers across the globe are attempting to remove microplastics before its entry into the ecosystem. Therefore, the present work focused on the removal of microplastic from water and studied the potential risks for marine organisms and the ecosystem. The removal of model microplastics, polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), has been studied by using photo-Fenton process. ZnO nanorods coated with SnOx(x &amp;lt; 2) layer and decorated with zero valent iron (Fe0) nanoparticles was used as heterogeneous catalyst for the removal of the microplastics in continuous water flow device. The obtained results demonstrated that high degradation efficiency of PP and PVC microplastics was achieved in a relatively short time and more than 95% of the average particle volume was reduced after 1 week of irradiation. The environmental impact of the photo-Fenton process of the microplastics degradation was investigated by using an ecotoxicological approach. An ecosafety screening has been performed through a series of experiments (bioassays) under controlled conditions, testing water samples after the photo-Fenton degradation of microparticles using a lab scale device. The ecotoxicological impact has been investigated by applying a battery of certified bioassays (UNI EN ISO/EPA standardized techniques) on aquatic organisms at different trophic levels (bacteria, algae, invertebrates). The results obtained on the three model organisms (A. fischeri, P. subcapitata, and D. magna) revealed no toxic effect for samples collected both before and after the photo-Fenton process, thus showing the absence of toxic by-products development during the degradation process.

On-the-spot quenching for effective implementation of cooling crystallization in a continuous-flow microfluidic device

Illustrated is a microfludic cooling crystallization device that can effectively screen polymorphs, growth rates, and morphology of crystalline materials.

In-line measurement of liquid-liquid phase separation boundaries using a turbidity-sensor-integrated continuous-flow microfluidic device.

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), also known as oiling-out, is the appearance of the second liquid phase preceding the crystallization. LLPS is an undesirable phenomenon that can occur during the crystallization of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), proteins, and polymers. It is typically avoided during crystallization due to its detrimental impacts on crystalline products due to lowered crystallization rate, the inclusion of impurities, and alteration in particle morphology and size distribution. In situ monitoring of phase separation enables investigating LLPS and identifying the phase separation boundaries. Various process analytical technologies (PATs) have been implemented to determine the LLPS boundaries prior to crystallization to prevent oiling out of compounds. The LLPS measurements using PATs can be time-consuming, expensive, and challenging. Here, we have implemented a fully integrated continuous-flow microfluidic device with a turbidity sensor to quickly and accurately evaluate the LLPS boundaries for a β-alanine, water, and IPA mixture. The turbidity-sensor-integrated continuous-flow microfluidic device is also placed under an optical microscope to visually track and record the appearance and disappearance of oil droplets. Streams of an aqueous solution of β-alanine, pure solvent (water), and pure antisolvent (IPA or ethanol) are pumped into the continuous-flow microfluidic device at various flow rates to obtain the compositions at which the solution becomes turbid. The onset of turbidity is measured using a custom-designed, in-line turbidity sensor. The LLPS boundaries can be estimated using the turbidity-sensor-integrated microfluidic device in less than 30 min, which will significantly improve and enhance the workflow of the pharmaceutical drug (or crystalline material) development process.