Continuous Drip Method Research Articles

The Knowledge and Practice of ICU Nurses Regarding Enteral Nutrition

Background: Enteral nutrition is a critical aspect of care for patients in intensive care units (ICUs) who cannot consume food orally. Understanding the practices and knowledge of ICU nurses regarding enteral nutrition is essential for ensuring effective patient care and outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of ICU nurses regarding enteral nutrition and identify any gaps that could potentially impact patient care. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, using purposive sampling to recruit 142 ICU nurses. Data were collected over a nine-month period using a validated questionnaire designed to evaluate the nurses' knowledge and practices concerning enteral nutrition. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 25, focusing on descriptive and inferential statistics to understand the trends and associations within the data. Results: The study revealed that 65% of nurses correctly identified pancreatitis as an indication for starting enteral nutrition. However, 73% incorrectly believed that a continuous drip method of enteral feeding does not require a pump. Furthermore, 63% recognized tube dislodgement as a complication, yet 57% either did not know or incorrectly handled protocols for flushing enteral feeding tubes before use. The assessment of nasogastric tube placement every 24 hours was misunderstood by 57% of the participants. Conclusion: The findings indicate a considerable deficiency in the knowledge and practices of ICU nurses regarding enteral nutrition, with significant implications for patient care. There is a clear need for targeted educational programs and updated protocols to enhance the skills and understanding of nurses in this crucial area.

Splanchnic Hypoperfusion and Enteral Feeding

Hypoperfusion or decrease in blood flow is may cause organ failure. When the body experiences hypoperfusion, body perfusion is prioritized to brain and heart, which may cause the hypoperfusion of splanchnic organ. Splanchnic hypoperfusion will cause ischemia of the mucosa, disturbance in the barrier, and increased splanchnic permeability, which in further level mayl cause bacterial and endotoxin translocation to systemic circulation. Enteral feeding in hypoperfusion is beneficial to prevent splanchnic hypoperfusion. However, method of enteral feeding needs to be considered, so that it does not cause harmful adverse effects. Early enteral feeding by slow continuous drip method can prevent splanchnic failure in critically ill patients with high risk of hypoperfusion. Keywords : splanchnic hypoperfusion, enteral feeding, continuous slow drip method

High-Dose Epinephrine in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation-Reply

In Reply. —Drs Polin and Leikin raise some interesting issues, but we disagree with some of their conclusions. We did exclude pediatric patients from our study. Considering that the neurological outcome in pediatric cardiac arrest usually is poor, and certainly is worse than in adult cardiac arrest, we would be fearful that in this age group the results would be grim. This certainly was the case in the study by Goetting and Paradis. 1 In a later study by the same authors, high-dose epinephrine produced survivors when standard doses did not, but only a third of pediatric survivors treated with high-dose epinephrine were neurologically intact. 2 These poor results also appear to be true of the cases of Drs Polin and Leikin. When I first started prescribing high-dose epinephrine about 5 years ago, I too chose a continuous drip method. I no longer do. Physiologically, a bolus followed by a

Controlled analgesia with continuous drip meperidine analysis of one thousand cases.

• Meperidine was administered intravenously by continuous drip in a series of surgical patients as an adjunct to anesthesia with thiopental sodium, nitrous oxide, and oxygen. The results were compared with those from a group anesthetized with thiopental sodium, nitrous oxide, and oxygen but without the meperidine. The meperidine was found to reduce by 51% the amount of thiopental sodium required per hour. The continuous drip method is reported to give a smoother anesthesia, with less danger of severe respiratory depression and hypotension, than is obtained by single injections of meperidine.

ACTH therapy of achylic demyelizing neuropathy; early and remote results

Os autores apresentam os resultados imediatos e tardios do emprêgo do ACTH em 4 casos de neuropatias desmielinizantes aquílicas (assim chamadas degenerações combinadas da medula). Os efeitos imediatos foram satisfatórios em todos os casos, particularmente em relação à síndrome piramidal, mostrando-se mais resistente a síndrome neurítica. Os efeitos tardios foram, no conjunto, absolutamente idênticos aos imediatos, demonstrando que os benefícios se mantiveram por períodos de 3 a 6 meses; a análise separada das síndromes neurológicas evidenciou melhora ulterior dos sinais piramidais, estabilidade da sintomatologia neurítica e discreta recidiva da síndrome funicular dorsal. A instituição de tratamentos pelas vitaminas B1, e B12, em altas doses, após um período pós-ACTH de 6 meses (em 3 casos) não modificou o quadro clínico.

Ambulatory continuous drip method in the treatment of peptic ulcer.

In 46 patients the effects of a new orally dissolving antacid tablet were observed for varying lengths of time.

Preliminary results in the use of ACTH in combined degenerations of the spinal cord

Os autores apresentam os resultados imediatos do emprêgo do ACTH em 4 casos de neuropatía desmiel in izante aquílica. Justificam o uso dêsse hormônio em vista da possível patogenia alérgica dos processos desmielinizantes primarios. O ACTH foi administrado por via intravenosa, sem qualquer outra medicação associada que pudesse interferir nos resultados. Êstes foram avaliados do ponto de vista quantitativo e evidenciaram discreta ação benéfica do hormônio, avaliada em 28,8%, em média. A decisão quanto ao efeito do ACTH nas mieloses funiculares só será possível após maior experiência, baseada em mais volumosa casuística e no segui- mento dos pacientes, bem como no estudo comparativo dêsses resultados com os obtidos com o emprêgo dos demais medicamentos de uso corrente.

Antibiotics in early syphilis and in syphilis complicated by pregnancy.

THE RENEWED interest in syphilotherapy that began with Ehrlich, who at first believed that arsphenamine could eradicate syphilis with one injection, has continued with the hope that some such quick cure could be found. Pollitzer 1 and, in more recent years, Chargin 2 believed that by giving arsenical treatments daily for a few days or by administering large doses in a slow but continuous drip method one could obtain a cure. However, serious reactions due to intensive arsenical therapy were reported, and in a few instances death occurred. When Mahoney and co-workers 3 reported that injections of penicillin were curative and caused no reactions, it was felt that the ultimate safe cure had been found. It was soon noted that the 600,000 units originally used was not sufficient for cure, and relapses were frequent. Even with the dose increased to 1,200,000 and 2,400,000 units, too many recurrences were noted. It

YIELD OF BOTULINUM TOXIN IN CONCENTRATED MEDIA

In the preceding paper in this series it was shown that Type A Clostridium parabotulinum when grown under accurately controlled conditions on a casein digest – glucose – corn steep medium produced large and consistent yields of toxin. In this paper a modified procedure is described. Cultures were inoculated in the usual manner and incubated for 10 hr., or until growth reached the upper third of logarithmic increase. Concentrate of the same medium was then added by a continuous drip method for 18 to 60 hr., or until the concentration of the medium was doubled to quadrupled.Under these circumstances the organisms continued to increase for some 40 hr. while in the controls in unconcentrated media growth ceased at 18 to 20 hr. The yield of toxin was increased two to three times over the controls in unconcentrated media.

CONCENTRATION OF ARSENIC IN BLOOD AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF MAPHARSEN BY RAPID DRIP METHOD

Various methods have been used for the administration of mapharsen in an effort to maintain a maximum therapeutic level of arsenic in the blood stream and thus shorten the period of treatment. Leifer, Chargin and Hyman 1 used the slow continuous drip method; Thomas and Wexler, 2 the rapid, or syringe, method, and Shaffer, 3 a one hour rapid continuous drip method. Sobotka, Mann and Feldbau 4 studied and reported the concentrations of arsenic in the blood of patients for whom the slow continuous drip method of administration was used. Siegel, Goldstein and Goldwater 5 reported results of similar studies with the rapid, or syringe, method. The present report is the result of similar studies on Shaffer's method made for the purpose of comparison with the other two methods of administration. Certain data for dogs are included for the purpose of comparison with those obtained in the clinical

MASSIVE ARSENOTHERAPY BY THE CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS DRIP METHOD

The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the effectiveness of neoarsphenamine and mapharsen administered by the continuous intravenous drip method of Chargin, Leifer and Hyman,¹once a day for five days in succession, with that of the drugs administered in single doses by intravenous injection with the syringe in the usual manner, in the treatment of early or acute syphilis of rabbits. Adult rabbits were inoculated intratesticularly with the Nichols-Hough strain of Spirochaeta pallida, and treatment was instituted on the development of acute syphilomas showing numerous actively motile spirochetes on dark field examination. Both compounds were administered in 5 per cent solutions of dextrose. With the continuous drip method each dose was prepared in a total of 80 cc. and given intravenously at the rate of 15 to 30 drops per minute, which required about four hours; one treatment was given on each of five successive days.

Medical News

<h3>CALIFORNIA</h3><h3>Annual Postgraduate Assembly.—</h3> The seventh annual postgraduate assembly of the College of Medical Evangelists, Los Angeles, was held December 8. Among the speakers were: Dr. Henry Borsook, Pasadena, Vitamins: Their Place in Nutrition and Therapy. Dr. Walter Scott Franklin. Santa Barbara, External Diseases of the Eye with Differential Diagnosis in Conjunctivitis, Iritis and Glaucoma. Karl F. Meyer, Ph.D., San Francisco, The General Practitioner and Virus Infections of the Central Nervous System. Drs. Burrell O. Raulston and Harold J. Magnuson, Los Angeles, Treatment of Early Syphilis by the Continuous Drip Method. Dr. Harold Lincoln Thompson, Los Angeles, Traumatic Perforation of the Intestine, with Report of Cases. A symposium on the role of vasodilator, vasospastic and antispasmodic drugs in cardiac, gastrointestinal, genito-urinary and peripheral vascular disturbances was presented by Drs. William Paul Thompson, Alva Claude Surber Jr. and Roy J. Popkin, Los Angeles. COLORADO <h3>National Youth Health Program. —</h3> A statewide

Blood Transfusion by the Continuous Drip Method

Blood Transfusion by the Continuous Drip Method

Glucose in the treatment of toxemias of pregnancy

From our observations enumerated herein, the following points might be summarized: 1. 1. In the early toxemias of pregnancy, where the disturbance is of metabolic origin, the employment of glucose is probably our best single therapeutic agent. 2. 2. In those early toxemias of renal origin, glucose is of value as a supportive and detoxicant, but does not relieve the hyperemesis as completely as in the toxemias of primary carbohydrate deficiency. 3. 3. In the late toxemias, glucose is effective in lowering blood-pressure, neutralizing the toxin and lessening the number of eclamptic convulsions. 4. 4. Recent experiments with the continuous drip method of the intravenous use of glucose tend to show that larger quantities of this agent can be used, and with more beneficial results, than was formerly supposed.