Continuous Deterioration Research Articles

Decoupling of economic growth and resources-environmental pressure in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China

The increase in the consumption of resources required for social progress and the continuous deterioration of the ecological environment has brought heavy pressure to the sustainable development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). This article applied the Hybrid Entropy-TOPSIS method to evaluate the resources-environmental pressure (REP), used the Logarithmic Mean Divisa Index (LMDI) method to identify driving factors, and utilized the Tapio decoupling model to analyze the relationship between economic growth and REP in 110 cities in the YREB. The main contribution of this study is the dynamic evolution of the decoupling relationship from perspective of the city unit, and profoundly depicts the interaction between resources-environmental factors and economic growth. The main results are as follows: (1) In the time dimension, the REP of 74.55% of the YREB's cities has continued to increase over 15 years, and the numerical differences between different cities are significant. In 2019, 24.55% of cities were under medium-pressure and high-pressure levels. In the spatial dimension, the city's REP is more prominent in the eastern part of the YREB and more decentralized in the central and western regions. The internal composition analysis of REP shows that the pressure caused by pollutant discharge is slowly reduced, and the pressure caused by unreasonable consumption of resources is increasing year by year. (2) The economic effect (EE) is the most important driving factor to influence REP in YREB, while the pressure intensity effect (PIE) is one of the main driving factors to influence the REP. In the temporal dimension, the development structural effect (DSE) is not significant. However, in the spatial dimension, it has more prominent characteristics in the west. The effect of population effects (PE) on REP is very weak. (3) The decoupling relationship between economic growth and REP shows a trend of weak decoupling from 2006 to 2010, strong decoupling from 2011 to 2015, and the coexistence of multiple types of decoupling from 2016 to 2019. In terms of spatial distribution characteristics in 2019, the strong decoupling (48 cities), weak decoupling (37 cities), and deteriorating decoupling (25 cities) showed uniform distribution in the YREB. In addition, the decoupling stability of 21 cities is poor, mainly resource-dependent cities distributed in Guizhou, Anhui, and Jiangsu Provinces. This article will provide a reference for the high-quality development and ecological environment protection of regions in the YREB.

Development of Pavement Maintenance Management System for Baghdad Urban Roadway Network

The road transportation system is considered as major component of the infrastructure in any country, it affects the developments in economy and social activities. The Asphalt Concrete which is considered as the major pavement material for the road transportation system in Baghdad is subjected to continuous deterioration with time due to traffic loading and environmental conditions, it was felt that implementing a comprehensive pavement maintenance management system (PMMS), which should be capable for preserving the functional and structural conditions of pavement layers, is essential. This work presents the development of PMMS with Visual inspection technique for evaluating the Asphalt Concrete pavement surface condition; common types of Asphalt Concrete distress including (bleeding of Asphalt, patching, block cracking, edge cracking, longitudinal and transverse cracking, rutting, pot holes, longitudinal and transverse deformation) with their various severity and intensity conditions have been included in the system as data base. The surface of the pavement was divided into sections, and the pavement condition is visually evaluated by the raters using specially designed forms, each type of defect was measured, classified, and rated according to type, severity, and extent. Data will be fed to the system using the computer, various types of intensity and severity of distress were analyzed by the system, the present condition rating (PCR) of the pavement section is determined, and the system suggests the required maintenance action. The developed system which is assigned (PMMS-09) was verified in evaluating the pavement surface condition at AL-Jaderiah campus roadway network. The results indicated that the system is sound in evaluation of the pavement condition and in suggestion of the proper maintenance to reserve the pavement condition.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Surge Response on Motivation Among Anesthesiology Residents and Fellows: A discussion of findings from semi-structured interviews at Montefiore Medical Center and educational takeaways.

The American Board of Medical Specialties definition of medical professionalism cites the need to acquire, maintain, and advance a value system serving the patients' and public's interests above self-interests.4 Medical professionalism is a one of the core physician competencies assessed by both the ACGME training program evaluation and the ABA certification process. However, a growing concern for the decline of professionalism and altruism in medicine resulted in increased publications on the matter, citing various potential sources for the issue. All residents and fellows (Focus Group 1) of the Anesthesiology Department of Montefiore Medical Center in Bronx, NY were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview via Zoom, held on two separate dates. A separate invitation was sent to the faculty of the department (Focus Group 2), held on one date. During the interview, guiding questions were provided by the 4 interviews to facilitate discussion. The interviewers, all members of the anesthesia faculty, took notes as the interviews progressed. The notes were reviewed for common themes as well as supporting and contradicting quotations. A total of 23 residents and fellows and a total of 25 faculty members within the Anesthesiology department at Montefiore Medical Center were interviewed. Amongst the findings, common discussions concerned motivating and demotivating factors contributing to the professionalism and altruism exhibited by the residents and fellows when caring for critical COVID-19 patients during the height of the pandemic. It was widely regarded that patient improvement, community and team support, as well as intrinsic desire to help greatly motivated the team while continuous patient deterioration, uncertainty in staffing and treatment, and concerns for personal and family safety were sources of discouragement. Overall, faculty perceived an increased demonstration of altruism amongst residents and fellows. The statements made by the residents and fellows during their interviews supported this observation. The actions of the Montefiore Anesthesiology residents and fellows demonstrated that altruism and professionalism were readily available amongst physicians. Increased levels of empathy and responsibility contributed to a demonstration of professionalism that challenges previous views of a perceived decline of these attributes in the medical field. The findings of this study stress the importance of creating a curriculum and exercise that stress empathy-based care and altruism in order to improve resident satisfaction and decrease feelings of burnout. Additionally, curriculum additions to facilitate professionalism are proposed.

The coupling and coordination degree of urban resilience system: A case study of the Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomeration

The continuous deterioration of global climate is escalating the disaster risk for cities in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration, and studying urban resilience is crucial for regional cities to prevent urban climate disasters and ensure sustainable urban development. However, few scholars discuss the mutual effects of urban social, economic and ecological resilience from the internal perspective of urban system. Therefore, this study puts forward the concept of urban resilience system, aims to measure the interaction effect between the rsubsystems' resilience of cities in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration by coupling degree, and to measure the coordinated development effect between the rsubsystems' resilience of cities in the region by coordinating degree. Based on CRITIC–TOPSIS weighted evaluation model and revised coupling coordination method, the results suggest that (1) most cities have a low coupling degree of urban resilience system and are in the “Running-in stage”; (2) most cities have a low coordination degree of urban resilience system and are in the “Bare coordination” stage; (3) the coupling degree and coordination degree of urban resilience system are increasing in all cities with the development; (4) cities in the east and west of the region have better coupling degree and coordination degree than cities in the north and south; (5) the development of economic resilience and social resilience lags behind ecological resilience in most cities. The results could provide theoretical references for the practice of resilient city construction and urban resilience research.

Study on the influence of buried pipe fault on the operation of ground source heat pump system

In order to analyze the influence of fault buried pipes on the operation of ground source heat pump system, a simulation model of unit considering both the influence of inlet fluid flow and temperature is developed, which is coupled with the three-dimensional dynamic model of 3 × 3 pipe group. The results show that the influence degree caused by different blocked positions is basically same. When one, two and a group of pipes are blocked, the annual power consumption of unit increases by 3.78%, 8.81% and 15.91% respectively. Besides, the system annual average coefficient of performance decreases from 3.28 to 3.21, 3.12 and 2.98. The ratio of cooling to heating load demands studied is 1.44, and the pipe blockage exacerbates the soil thermal imbalance, which cause a continuous deterioration of cooling performance. When the cooling load is high, the system is difficult to meet the demand. Because of design margin of total length, the time for not meeting the cooling demand after blocking one pipe is the same as normal condition, but the time after blocking two and a group of pipes increases 37.5 h and 88.5 h. Moreover, the amount for not meeting the demand increases 25.4%, 52.11% and 129.94% on average respectively.

Boron-Doped Activated Carbon Supports for Cobalt-Catalyzed Oxygen Evolution in Alkaline Electrolyte.

Activated carbons (ACs) are the most widely used and attractive support materials for electrocatalytic applications because of their significant surface areas, high electrical conductivities, and moderate affinities toward supported metal catalysts. However, the corrosive behavior of ACs at oxidative potentials causes an inevitable reduction in the active surface area of supported catalysts, resulting in the continuous deterioration of their electrocatalytic performance. Therefore, the introduction of corrosion-resistant durable catalyst supports is essential for sustainable and efficient electrocatalysis. Here, we modified ACs to obtain different boron (B)-doped structures via doping-temperature controls to investigate the corrosion resistance of B-doped ACs. With increasing doping temperature, the B-doped ACs exhibited a decreased defect density and enhanced crystallinity owing to the accelerating dopant-induced graphitization. We found that the substitution of B atoms into the carbon lattice improved the structural integrity of the carbon structure, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests suggested that the highly B-substituted structures caused electrochemical surface passivation against carbon corrosion. Moreover, B-doped ACs significantly contributed to the increase in loading mass of cobalt (Co)-based catalyst on them and the electrochemical durability toward the oxygen evolution reaction as catalyst-support hybrid. The B22 (B-doped AC obtained at a 2200 °C B-doping temperature)-supported Co catalyst with the lowest oxidation current exhibited a voltage change of 32 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 (ΔEj=10) after 10,000 cycles, which was a factor of ∼7 higher cycle durability and stability than that of the conventional IrO2 catalyst (ΔEj=10 = 205 mV). Here, we propose that surface engineering by B-doping to improve the structural integrity of ACs is an attractive method for designing durable electrocatalytic support materials.

Effect of concrete strength and tensile steel reinforcement on RC beams externally bonded with fiber reinforced polymer composites: A finite element study

Due to the continual deterioration of concrete infrastructures, the construction industry faces challenges in terms of their serviceability, structural strength, and durability. Therefore, efficient rehabilitation strategies are required to enhance their performance. Externally bonding fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) have evolved as a simple and convenient retrofit technique when compared to conventional techniques of strengthening. FRPs can be powerful toolsfor strengthening concrete structural members in shear and flexure because of their exceptional mechanical characteristics. Flexural strengthening is generally achieved by externally bonding FRP strips or laminates in the soffit side of beams, resulting in improved ultimate strength and bending capacity. This study aims to conduct a numerical parametric investigation on reinforced concrete (RC) beam specimens flexurally strengthened by externally bonding FRP. Three-dimensional finite element models of four RC beams strengthened with FRP and with different concrete compressive strength and flexural steel reinforcement were developed to predict their load capacity. Models were developed and simulated using finite element software called ABAQUS. The beam behavior was evaluated with the help of different material models available in the ABAQUS library. Study considerations included concrete damage plasticity, Hashin's damage in CFRP, and perfect bonding between CFRP and concrete interfaces. The parametric study included two groups of beams: one with varying concrete compressive strength (i.e., 25 MPa and 50 MPa) and the other with varying tensile steel reinforcement (5#14 mm diameter bars and 2# 22 mm diameter bars). The ABAQUS results were verified using experimental data from the previousliteratures.The computed numerical resultsand experimental results demonstrated reasonable accuracy for load–displacement curves and ultimate load capacity. It was found that the ultimate load increased significantly in high-strength (M50) beams with a higher number and smaller diameter (5#14 mm) tensile bars. In conclusion, RC beams with more compressive strength and tensile steel reinforcement boost the effectiveness of the external bonding technique.

Awareness Assessment Study and Ways to Deepen the Knowledge and Practice of the Sustainable Development Goals

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were formed to continually improve the quality of life enjoyed by humanity, stabilize progress made in sustainable development advancements and prevent the continued deterioration of natural life support systems. The study looked at the level of awareness/understanding, knowledge acquired by the generality of people, and perceived importance attached to the various SDGs by stakeholder groups sampled in Port Harcourt metropolis. We administered a questionnaire to a total of three-hundred persons, and our findings show gaps between what they have heard about SDGs and what SDGs entail. Based on this evident gap, we proposed nine recommendations that can deepen the knowledge and practice of SDGs, some of which are: the establishment of sustainable development and climate change clubs in secondary schools, enhancing awareness/knowledge and practices of SDGs and their targets through facilitative workshops, expanding the sustainability pillars to six by including performance as the sixth pillar and sub-dividing them into three functional groups. Also, expounding how interrelated and interlinked the SDGs are towards marrying the need for a holistic approach and focusing on the priority SDG needs of each locality, the enactment of enabling laws, enhancing the SDG Week concept, and the intensification of stakeholder education was mentioned.

First Report of Leaf Spot and Blight on Crown Daisy Caused by Cercospora apii in China.

Crown daisy (Glebionis coronaria L.), also known as chrysanthemum greens, is a popular vegetable in Asia, especially in China. The leaves have been used in folk medicine as a tonic for the liver, blood, intestines and to control anemia and high blood pressure. In November 2020, severe leaf spot and blight was observed with 80% to 95% incidence on crown daisy growing in greenhouses in Fengxian, Shanghai, China(121°22'E, 30°53'N). Irregular rounded spots appeared with a light gray center and water-soaked margins. Round lesions enlarged and merged with age, followed by the development of a necrotic area resulting in the typical "frog-eye" and causing a continuous deterioration of crown daisy. Diseased leaves were washed in running water for 30 min. Small fragments (5 × 5 mm) taken from the margin of lesions were disinfected with 1% NaClO for 3 min, rinsed three times with sterile water, cultured on potato sucrose agar (PSA) augmented with 50 mg streptomycin/liter at 26 oC,and incubated in the dark. Colonies had identical morphology, and TH11290202 was selected and deposited in the plant pathology lab of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Mycelium was initially cottony and white and became appressed to the medium and dark brown with time. Conidia did not form on any media, including PSA, PDA, V8 agar (V8A), maize leaf carbonate agar (MLPCA), pepper leaf carbonate agar (PLPCA), etc. To confirm the identity of the pathogen, genomic DNA was extracted from TH11290202 with the cetyltrimethylammonium ammonium bromide (CTAB) method from the mycelia. Five loci were PCR amplified, namely, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor (TEF), calmodulin (cmdA), histone (H3) and actin (ACT), using primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), EF1-728F/EF1-986R (Jaklitsch et al. 2005), CAL-F/CAL-R (O'Donnell et al. 2000), cylh3f/cylh3r (Glass and Donaldson 1995), and ACT-512F/ACT-783R (Carbone and Kohn 1999), respectively. The resulting sequences were deposited in GenBank (MW819910, MW981277, MW981278, ON798723, and MW981279). Analysis of the ITS, TEF, cmdA, H3 and ACT gene sequences of isolate TH11290202 revealed that it was a member of the genus Cercospora, sharing 99.79%, 99.66%, 98.10% 99.74% and 100% sequence similarity with type strain of Cercospora apii CBS 116455. A multilocus phylogenetic analysis was performed using sequences from other closely related taxa obtained from GenBank. Based on morphological and molecular characteristics, TH11290202 was identified as C. apii (Crous and Braun 2003; Groenewald et al. 2006; Milosavljević et al. 2014). To confirm pathogenicity, Koch's postulates were fulfilled on 30 mature plants, which were maintained in a growth chamber (at 26 °C, relative humidity 90%, 12/12 h light/dark). Surface-sterilized leaves were sprayed with a mycelial suspension. Brown lesions were formed 7 days after inoculation on 15 plants, whereas the noninoculated controls remained asymptomatic on the other 15 plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. apii causing leaf spot and blight on G. coronaria in China and will provide useful information for developing effective control strategies.

Neurological manifestations of long COVID: clinical aspects and impact on quality of life

Recent studies indicate an extremely high prevalence of long-term neurological manifestations among COVID-19 survivors, with nearly a third of patients diagnosed with neurological or psychiatric disorders in the first 6 months after acute COVID-19. Unlike the acute neurological manifestations of COVID-19, the pathophysiological mechanisms of long COVID-19 remain poorly understood. Several studies have concluded that both the CNS and the PNS are involved in patients with long COVID. The most common neurological symptoms were fatigue, memory/attention deficits, sleep disturbances, and myalgias, with each symptom occurring in one third of patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. The impact of COVID-19 on patients, regardless of severity, extends beyond hospitalization for severe cases to continued deterioration in quality of life, mental health, and employment problems. Doctors' awareness of this condition, strict control of metabolic changes and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, and effective and safe treatment of identified disorders are the main tasks in the management of patients with this pathology.

The impact of digital economy on environmental quality: Evidence from China

With the rapid development of new generation of information technology and the continuous deterioration of ecological environment, the environmental effect of digital economy has begun to receive attention. Based on panel data from 30 provinces in China during the period of 2014–2020, this study investigates the impact and mechanisms of digital economy on environmental quality using the fixed effect model and moderating effect model. The results show that the digital economy can significantly inhibit environmental pollution. The inhibitory effect of digital economy shows obvious regional heterogeneity, which is the strongest in the west, followed by the east, and the weakest in the center. The economic development level and income distribution inequality play positive and negative roles in regulating the negative linkage between digital economy and environmental pollution, respectively. The government should implement a differentiated strategy to promote the comprehensive development of digital economy and maximize its environmental effects, accelerate the integrated development of urban and rural economies through inclusive growth, and optimize the moderating effect of economic development level and income distribution inequality.

Fluorophore molecule loaded in Tb-MOF for dual-channel fluorescence chemosensor for consecutive visual detection of bacterial spores and dichromate anion

Developing multifunctional luminescent switches for detecting various poisons are urgent given the continuous deterioration of the environment. Herein, a new porous fluorescent metal–organic framework [Tb2(TPTC)(DMA)4(NO3)2]n(HPU-25) was initially designed. Then, fluorophore molecule tris(2,2′-bipyridine) dichlororuthenium(II) hexahydrate (Ru(bpy)32+) was loaded onto HPU-25 by a simple post-synthesis strategy to prepare a new ratio fluorescence sensor Ru(II)@HPU-25. As a sensor, it can detect 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (DPA) content in real-time, with high sensitivity and selectivity, without being disturbed by probe concentration and environment. Evident changes in fluorescence color and intensity are observed in distinguishing DPA contents. In addition, after detecting DPA, it can be used for consecutive visual detection of dichromate anion (Cr2O72−) in water. This multifunctional fluorescence sensor could make up for the defects of single fluorescence and single function of the traditional fluorescence sensor by using the dual strategies of ratio sensing and cascade sensing. Interestingly, DPA and Cr2O72− in samples can be visually detected rapidly in real-time through the chroma acquisition APP on smartphone. More importantly, we also designed the combination of two logic gate operations for sensing the two targets. In the poison detection in daily life, these intelligent applications of fluorescence sensors have a broad development space.

Revisiting the Green Growth Effect of Foreign Direct Investment from the Perspective of Environmental Regulation: Evidence from China.

The inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) has both advanced China's economic development process and influenced the ecological quality of China's regions. Under the deepening of economic globalization and the continuous deterioration in environmental quality, the correlation mechanism between foreign direct investment, environmental regulation, and economic growth is becoming increasingly complex. Therefore, based on the slacks-based measure (SBM) model and the Global Malmquist-Luenberger (GML) index, this study measured the level of green economic growth using data from 30 provinces and cities from 2004-2019 and constructed a panel fixed-effect regression model to study the effect of foreign direct investment on green economic growth in China. The study found that foreign direct investment significantly promoted green economic growth in China, foreign direct investment promoted green economic growth through independent innovation and inhibited green economic growth through imitation innovation, and environmental regulation moderated the impact of foreign direct investment on green economic growth. This paper incorporated foreign direct investment, heterogeneous technological innovation, green economic growth, and environmental regulation into the research framework, and thereby further enriched and improved the research on the theoretical mechanism of green economic growth. The research conclusion clarified the influence mechanism of foreign capital on the quality of China's economic development, which was conducive to the formulation of more reasonable policies for attracting investments and to the promotion of the formation of a positive interaction mechanism between environmental regulation and foreign direct investment, which is of great practical significance for China's economy to achieve sustainable development.

CRISPRa-mediated transcriptional activation of the SlPR-1 gene in edited tomato plants

With the continuous deterioration of arable land due to an ever-growing population, improvement of crops and crop protection have a fundamental role in maintaining and increasing crop productivity. Alternatives to the use of pesticides encompass the use of biological control agents, generation of new resistant crop cultivars, the application of plant activator agrochemicals to enhance plant defenses, and the use of gene editing techniques, like the CRISPR-Cas system. Here, we test the hypothesis that epigenome editing, via CRISPR activation (CRISPRa), activate tomato plant defense genes to confer resistance against pathogen attack. We provide evidence that edited tomato plants for the PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE 1 gene (SlPR-1) show enhanced disease resistance to Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis infection. Resistance was assessed by evaluating disease progression and symptom appearance, pathogen accumulation, and changes in SlPR-1 gene expression at different time points. We determined that CRISPRa-edited plants develop enhanced disease-resistant to the pathogen without altering their agronomic characteristics and, above all, preventing the advancement of disease symptoms, stem canker, and plant death.

Drivers of 2015–2021 trends in cold winter surface PM2.5 in the Harbin-Changchun megalopolis in China: Meteorology vs. anthropogenic emission

Harbin-Changchun megalopolis (HCM) is a typical representative of the cold urban agglomeration region in China. Although the average annual PM2.5 concentration has experienced an evolutionary process continuous deterioration to gradual improvement in the past decade, but severe haze episodes still occur during cold winter periods. WRF-CMAQ model and observed dataset of surface PM2.5 concentration were conducted in this study to identify the drivers of 2015–2021 trends in cold winter surface PM2.5 in the HCM by separating contributions from anthropogenic emissions and meteorology changes. Meteorological condition change was the dominant driver of 2015–2021 trends in cold winter surface PM2.5 in the HCM. The years with most unfavorable, typical, and most favorable meteorological conditions for PM2.5 concentration reduction during January from 2015 to 2021 for the whole HCM region were 2020, 2017, and 2018, respectively. The major controlling meteorological factors that affect the surface PM2.5 concentration change were relative humidity, maximum wind direction and speed in cold winter in the HCM. In addition, we found that the emission cut policy began to play a practical role in the air quality improvement in the HCM from year of 2018. The emission reduction during the 2017–2021 resulted in an approximately 19% (15.7 μg/m3) decrease of PM2.5 concentrations in January. Furthermore, sensitivity experiments demonstrated that residential emission cut was the key measures for future air quality improvement in cold winter in the HCM.

Plateau Lake Water Quality and Eutrophication: Status and Challenges

The continuous and widespread deterioration of lake water quality and eutrophication is not only a local problem, but also a global phenomenon [...]

Contribution of data-driven methods to risk reduction and climate change adaptation in Hungary and beyond

Among a series of tangible phenomena related to climate change and ecosystem degradation, the severe drought damage that occurred in 2022 urges in particular a thoughtful and long-term concept to tackle and mitigate the effects of similar events. To develop this concept, in addition to taking stock of scientific results so far, it is crucial to establish the basis for mutually supportive cooperation between the sectors concerned, including agriculture, water management, and nature conservation. As confirmed by scientific knowledge, the continuous deterioration of the landscape's water retention and evapotranspiration capacity is associated with weakening the climate regulating function and the degradation of agricultural production conditions. Accordingly, the task is not to find new resources and interventions ensuring the continuation of current landscape use; the real goal is to find the landscape use (farming methods and water use) that will ensure sustainable human livelihoods and environmental conditions. All the tools and knowledge are available for the first steps and subsequent ongoing monitoring and refinement of a precautionary and prevention-based approach to support all levels of ecosystem services. With continuous professional dialogue and implementation of established and new methods, several goals can be achieved simultaneously, such as the integration of economic trends into the approach, the revitalization of Hungarian landscape culture, and hence the preservation of the rural workforce.

A Comparative Study of Preventive Maintenance Thresholds for Deteriorating Systems

Degradation of engineering systems is a phenomenon that affects the reliability and the lifetime of systems. Maintenance of deteriorating systems has been widely studied over the past 50 years. Numerous maintenance models have been proposed in the literature to manage degradation. In this paper, we focus on a condition-based maintenance strategy for those systems suffering a continuous deterioration process. We propose the use of a non-constant maintenance threshold to determine when a preventive action is required. The main goal is to analyse the effect of non-constant threshold in the long-term maintenance cost rate. We demonstrate numerically the convergence of the long run cost rate and some statistical properties of the proposed model. We compare the use of a constant threshold with a non-constant threshold through two different simulated case studies. The simulations provide some statistical results that reveals interesting advantages and drawbacks of using a non-constant threshold.

东北虎豹国家公园生态环境质量动态评价及其气候响应

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 东北虎豹国家公园生态环境质量动态评价及其气候响应 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202204130981 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 吉林省科技发展项目（20210203152SF）；中国气象局创新发展专项（CXFZ2021J076） Dynamic evaluation of ecological environment quality and climate response in Northeastern China Tiger and Leopard National Park Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 省、部研究计划基金 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:人类活动及气候变化对东北虎豹国家公园生态环境产生深刻的影响，探究该地区生态环境质量的时空演变规律对园区可持续发展具有重要意义。在原有遥感生态指数基础上，选用增强型植被指数代替原绿度指标中的归一化植被指数，构建2001-2020年植被生长季遥感生态指数，探讨园区内核心保护区、虎豹潜在栖息地及主要人口聚集区三大管控区生态环境质量时空变化特征，并基于像元尺度分析其对气候因素的响应。结果表明：（1）近20年虎豹公园生态环境质量呈波动微弱下降趋势，2015年后生态环境质量逐步提升，2020年达到良好水平；（2）园区内各管控区生态环境质量具有明显的空间分异性，东部核心保护区中部及虎豹潜在栖息地中部以南地区生态环境质量较好，主要人口聚集区相对较差。（3）近20年虎豹公园生态环境质量稳定性较差。未来生态环境质量变化趋势为上升的面积占60.86%，表明未来生态环境趋势总体向好，但局部地区仍存在持续恶化态势。（4）虎豹公园生态环境质量主要受降水的影响，与降水呈显著正相关关系，与气温及日照的相关性较弱。 Abstract:Human activities and climate change have a profound impact on the ecological environment of the Northeastern China Tiger and Leopard National Park (NCTL-NP), and exploring the temporal and spatial evolution of the ecological environment quality in this area is of great significance for the sustainable development of the park. In this paper,we selected the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) to replace the NDVI in the original greenness index, and constructed the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) for the vegetation growing season from 2001 to 2020 based on the original remote sensing ecological index. Then, we analyzed the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the ecological environment quality and their responses to climatic factors in the three major control areas of potential habitats and main population agglomeration areas based on the pixel scale. The results show that:(1) The ecological environment quality of NCTL-NP has shown a fluctuating and weak downward trend in the past 20 years. After 2015, the ecological environment quality has gradually improved and reached a good level in 2020; (2) The ecological environment quality of each control area in the park has obvious spatial heterogeneity, the quality of the ecological environment in the central part of the eastern core reserve and the southern part of the potential habitat of tigers and leopards is relatively good, while the main population agglomeration areas are relatively poor. (3) In the past 20 years, the ecological environment quality of NCTL-NP has been extremely unstable.The area with an upward trend in the quality of the ecological environment in the future accounted for 60.86%, indicating that the trend of the ecological environment in the future is generally good, but there is still a continuous deterioration trend in some areas. (4) The ecological environment quality of NCTL-NP is mainly affected by precipitation, which has a significant positive correlation with precipitation, and a weak correlation with temperature and sunshine. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

THE ROLE AND PLACE OF INFORMATION SECURITY IN THE OVERALL SYSTEM OF THE STATE'S NATIONAL SECURITY

Introduction. The state's information policy is an important component of the state's foreign and domestic policy and includes all spheres of society. The rapid development of the information sphere causes the appearance of fundamentally new threats to the interests of the individual, society, the state and its national security. The fact that the information component is a stable object of manipulation in the conditions of hybrid war adds to the acuteness of the problem. Since the difficult political situation in which Ukraine has been in recent years, the continuous deterioration of the state's reputation on the international arena is caused by a number of factors, among which the inadequate state of the information security system is a significant factor. In Ukraine, there is an objective need for state-legal regulation of scientific, technical and information activities, which would correspond to the realities of the modern world and the level of development of information technologies, the norms of international law, but at the same time effectively protect Ukraine's own national interests. Short list of main results. Summary of main results. The article examines the issue of information security as a component of the state's national security. The information security of the state is defined by the degree of its protection and the stability of the main spheres of life in relation to dangerous, destabilizing and destructive informational influences affecting the interests of the state both at the level of implementation and extraction of information. Internal and external information threats to Ukraine's national security and ways to ensure the country's information security are identified. In today's conditions, the informational component of the state's national security plays an extremely important role due to the risks and threats present in it, which include cyberterrorism, cybercrime, aggressive propaganda, the spread of anti-constitutional and anti-state slogans, limiting public access to public information, etc. Attention is focused on the fact that the state information policy should reflect the urgent problems that have arisen in the information field. Effective implementation of strategic priorities, fundamental principles and tasks of the state policy of information security requires improvement of legal and organizational mechanisms of information security management. Conclusions. The article proposes to consider information security as a necessary component of the state's national security, as well as a global problem of information protection, information space, information state sovereignty and information support for state decision-making.