Continuous User Research Articles

Aplikasi Sistem Laporan Kerja Harian Staf Pelayanan PT. Securindo Packatama Indonesia Berbasis Web dengan Metode Rapid Application Development

This study aims to develop a web-based daily work report information system that is more effective, efficient, and computerized. The application is designed to assist service staff in preparing daily reports and provides a data backup medium for work programs. The study employs the Rapid Application Development (RAD) method, which emphasizes fast development through iterative prototyping and active user involvement. RAD consists of several phases, including planning, design workshops, and implementation, allowing continuous user feedback to incrementally improve the system. Data was collected through field studies with direct observation, discussions with colleagues, and interviews with relevant parties. The application was built using PHP and MySQL and tested comprehensively to ensure performance and accuracy. The study concludes that the system effectively facilitates report recapitulation and performance data presentation, improving operational efficiency at PT. Securindo Packatama Indonesia.

Subject-Independent Model for Reconstructing Electrocardiography Signals from Photoplethysmography Signals

Electrocardiography (ECG) is the gold standard for monitoring vital signs and for diagnosing, controlling, and preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, ECG requires continuous user participation, and cannot be used for continuous cardiac monitoring. In contrast to ECG, photoplethysmography (PPG) devices do not require continued user involvement, and can offer ongoing and long-term detection capabilities. However, from a medical perspective, ECG can provide more information about the heart. Currently, most existing work contains different signals recorded from the same subject in training and test sets. This study proposes a neural network model based on a 1D convolutional neural network (CNN) and a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network. This neural network model can directly reconstruct ECG signals from PPG signals. The learned features are captured from the CNN model and fed into the BiLSTM model. In order to verify the validity of the model, it is evaluated using the MIMIC II dataset in the completely subject-independent model (records are placed in a training set, and a test set appears once, but the test signal belongs to a record that is not in the training set). The Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the reconstructed ECG and the reference ECG of the proposed model is 0.963 in the completely subject-independence model. The results of the proposed model are better than those of several cited state-of-the-art models. The results of our trained model indicate that we can obtain reconstructed ECGs that are highly similar to reference ECGs in the completely subject-independent model.

Prediction of suicidal thoughts and behaviors based on the diurnal cortisol pattern and THC dosage in continued cannabis users, a 5 year population-based matched cohort study

It appears that the THC dosage is the link between dysregulation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB). We proposed a new model to understand the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of STB based on the interaction of cortisol and THC dosage.From September 1, 2019, to January 1, 2024, we conducted a population-based, matched-pair, nested case-control study resulting from a three-wave complete longitudinal, multicenter cohort study on a sample of congress 60 clients. A total of 368 male continued cannabis users (CCu) were allocated to four categories, including low, moderate and high THC dosages and relapse, using optimal matching. Several HPA axis measures were analyzed in the saliva using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS), and carboxylic acids levels in the urine were assessed via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS). We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the relationship between the variables of interest and the model fit test, and used the Akaike information criterion (AIC) to compare the model fit and select the best-fitting model. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) and cumulative risk score were also calculated for the best-fitting pattern.The analysis showed that the likelihood of STB in individuals with a cortisol awakening response (CAR) and a blunted diurnal cortisol slope (DCS) and higher area under the curve (AUC) who reported heavy cannabis use was more than three times higher than the control group (OR 3.2, 95 % CI 2.4–4.1).These findings indicate the importance of the specific cortisol secretion pattern in the increased clinical expression of STB and may be an important factor for guiding preventive efforts in this area.

Improving the Electronic Data Collection System (EDCS), a Computer-assisted Personal Interviewing and Database Tool Used for the Expanded National Nutrition Survey

The Expanded National Nutrition Survey (ENNS), formerly the National Nutrition Survey, is a regularly conducted survey that records the Philippines’ overall nutritional status. This is especially important not only for government intervention and policy-making but also for private sector entities that plan for their nutrition and development programs. First deployed during the conduct of the 2013 ENNS, the electronic data collection system (EDCS) is a tool that implemented computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) functionalities. This paper records the improvements made to this system and its division into separate subsystems, various CAPI subsystems with specialized functionalities, and how they interact with each other. Descriptive analysis was used for the users’ feedback and recommendations – specifically, for usability and navigation, system performance and portability, technicality and security, and visual design. The system is able to support interviews during the ENNS and receive positive feedback – garnering visual design the highest, whereas technicality and security the lowest acceptability rating – thereby proving this division useful. Overall, the system is capable of supporting the ENNS and will continue its improvement through the continual user feedback received.

Data-Driven Web-Based Service Travel Resume Information System

The Energy and Mineral Resources Department (ESDM) of South Sumatra Province has significantly enhanced its operational efficiency by implementinga Web-Based Official Travel Resume Information System. This system was developed to address the inefficiencies and risks associated with the previous manual method of managing official travel data. The new system leverages PHP, MySQL, Javascript, JQuery, and Bootstrap to provide a robust, secure, and user-friendly platform for handling travel reports, assignment orders, and official travel documentation. The digital transformation has streamlined data entry, improved data integrity, and facilitated real-time information access,enabling better decision-making and strategic planning. A System Usability Scale (SUS) test was conducted with 120 participants to evaluate the system's usability. The results showed a mean SUS score of 78.5, indicating good usability, with a standard deviation of 8.3. High scores were recorded for the system's ease of use, integration of functions, and user confidence, while lower scores highlighted initial complexity and a need for additional user training. The successful implementation and positive usability results underscore the system's effectiveness in enhancing the ESDM Department's operational capabilities. Recommendations for further improvements include enhancing mobile accessibility, providing ongoing user training, integrating advanced reporting features, and refining the user interface to ensure continued user satisfaction and system efficiency.

PCR165 Health-Related Quality of Life of Type 1 Diabetes and Severe Hypoglycemia in Adult Continuous Glucose Monitor Users: Results From a Cross-Sectional Survey in the United States

PCR165 Health-Related Quality of Life of Type 1 Diabetes and Severe Hypoglycemia in Adult Continuous Glucose Monitor Users: Results From a Cross-Sectional Survey in the United States

370-P: Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes and Severe Hypoglycemia in Adult Continuous Glucose Monitor Users

370-P: Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes and Severe Hypoglycemia in Adult Continuous Glucose Monitor Users

367-P: Clinical Characteristics of Type 1 Diabetes and Severe Hypoglycemia in Adult Continuous Glucose Monitor Users

367-P: Clinical Characteristics of Type 1 Diabetes and Severe Hypoglycemia in Adult Continuous Glucose Monitor Users

Use of an emulated trial to investigate the association between use of nitrogen-based bisphosphonates and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the eighth most common cancer in women, with poor survival outcomes. Observational evidence suggests that nitrogen-based bisphosphonate (NBB) use may be associated with reduced risk of EOC, particularly the endometrioid and serous histotypes; however, confounding by indication is a concern. An alternative approach to investigate the chemo-preventive potential of NBBs is to emulate a target trial by identifying all women who initiate use of NBBs and investigate the risk of EOC for continued users compared with discontinued users. Using population-based linked data, we identified all Australian women aged over 50 years who first used NBBs over 2004-12. We used the year after first use to define treatment for each woman as either continued or discontinued use. We emulated randomization using stabilized inverse probability weights to balance the treatment groups using covariates including age, comorbidities and socioeconomic status. We followed women from treatment assignment until EOC diagnosis, death or 31 December 2013. We assessed the risk of EOC (overall and by histotype) using flexible parametric time-to-event models allowing for time-varying effects, and produced time-varying coefficients. Of the 313 383 women in the study, 472 were diagnosed with EOC during follow-up (261 serous EOC), with an average age at diagnosis of 72 years. Continued use of NBBs was associated with reduced risk of EOC overall (HR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.69, 1.10), and serous EOC (HR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.96), compared with discontinued treatment, with estimates remaining constant over the 9-year follow-up. Results from our emulated trial suggest that in women who initiated NBB treatment, those who continued use had 13% and 29% lower hazards of being diagnosed with EOC overall and serous EOC, respectively, compared with women who discontinued use.

Phase 1 randomized trials to assess safety, pharmacokinetics, and vaginal bleeding associated with use of extended duration dapivirine and levonorgestrel vaginal rings.

Vaginal rings formulated to deliver two drugs simultaneously have potential as user-controlled, long-acting methods for dual prevention of HIV and pregnancy. Two phase 1 randomized trials (MTN-030/IPM 041 and MTN-044/IPM 053/CCN019) respectively enrolled 24 and 25 healthy, HIV-negative participants to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, and vaginal bleeding associated with use of a vaginal ring containing 200mg dapivirine (DPV) and 320mg levonorgestrel (LNG) designed for 90-day use. MTN-030/IPM 041 compared the DPV/LNG ring to a DPV-only ring (200mg) over 14 days of use. MTN-044/IPM 053/CCN019 compared continuous or cyclic use of the DPV/LNG ring over 90 days of use. Safety was assessed by recording adverse events (AEs). DPV and LNG concentrations were quantified in plasma, cervicovaginal fluid, and cervical tissue. Vaginal bleeding was self-reported. There were no differences in the proportion of participants with grade ≥2 genitourinary AEs or grade ≥3 AEs with DPV/LNG ring vs. DPV ring use (p = .22), or with DPV/LNG ring continuous vs. cyclic use (p = .67). Higher plasma DPV concentrations were observed in users of DPV/LNG compared to DPV-only rings (Cmax p = 0.049; AUC p = 0.091). Plasma DPV and LNG concentrations were comparable with continuous and cyclic use (Cmax p = 0.74; AUC p = 0.25). With cyclic use, median nadir plasma DPV concentration was approximately 300 pg/mL two days after removal and median t1/2 for cervicovaginal fluid DPV concentration was 5.76 hours (n = 3). Overall bleeding experiences did not differ between continuous and cyclic users (p = 0.12). The extended duration DPV/ LNG rings were well tolerated and the observed DPV concentrations in plasma and cervicovaginal fluid when used continuously exceeded concentrations observed in previous DPV ring efficacy studies. LNG concentrations in plasma were comparable with other efficacious LNG-based contraceptives. Genital DPV concentrations had a short half-life and were thus not well sustained following ring removal.

“Let’s put it this way: you can’t really live without it” - digital technologies in routine palliative care delivery: an explorative qualitative study with patients and their family caregivers in Germany

BackgroundDespite ongoing efforts to integrate palliative care into the German healthcare system, challenges persist, particularly in areas where infrastructure does not fully support digital technologies (DT). The increasing importance of digital technology (DT) in palliative care delivery presents both opportunities and challenges.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the perspectives and preferences of palliative care patients and their family caregivers regarding the use of DT in care delivery.MethodsAn exploratory qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with palliative care patients and their family caregivers across various settings. Participants were selected through gatekeeper-supported purposive sampling. Interviews were analysed using structured qualitative content analysis.ResultsNineteen interviews were conducted.Three themes emerged: (1) Application of DTs in palliative care; (2) Potential of DTs; (3) Barriers to the use of DTs. Key findings highlighted the preference for real-time communication using DTs that participants are familiar with. Participants reported limited perceived value for digital transformation in the presence of in-person care. The study identified requirements for DT development and use in palliative care, including the need for direct and immediate functionality, efficiency in healthcare professional (HCP) work, and continuous access to services.ConclusionThe findings highlight a demonstrate the importance of familiarity with DTs and real-time access for patients and their families. While DT can enhance palliative care efficiency and accessibility, its integration must complement, not replace, in-person interaction in palliative care. As DTs continue to grow in scope and use in palliative care, maintaining continued user engagement is essential to optimise their adoption and ensure they benefit patients and their caregivers.

STOCKDIARY: Post-Development Analysis and Performance Evaluation of an Advanced Stock Market Prediction Platform

In the rapidly changing financial landscape, accurate stock market prediction is essential for investors to optimize their portfolios and manage risks effectively. STOCKDIARY is an innovative platform that leverages state-of-the-art technologies like Python, Streamlit, and Jupyter to provide real-time insights and predictions to its users. This paper conducts a thorough post-deployment evaluation of STOCKDIARY focusing processes, user engagement, predictive accuracy, and overall performance. Utilizing sophisticated predictive models trained on extensive historical data, including Linear Regression, Support Vector Regression, and Random Forest, STOCKDIARY delivers timely and precise predictions. Its user-friendly interface, developed with Streamlit, offers intuitive visualization tools, empowering users to analyze market trends effectively. Evaluation metrics such as Mean Squared Error and R-squared values demonstrate the platform’s reliability. Continuous user feedback informs ongoing enhancements, including the integration of advanced analytics and further refinement of the user experience. STOCKDIARY emerges as a valuable tool for investors, providing actionable insights for confident decision-making in today’s complex financial markets.

Explaining vulnerabilities of heart rate biometric models securing IoT wearables

In the field of health informatics, extensive research has been conducted to predict diseases and extract valuable insights from patient data. However, a significant gap exists in addressing privacy concerns associated with data collection. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a machine-learning authentication model to secure the patients’ data seamlessly and continuously, as well as to find potential explanations when the model may fail. To address this challenge, we propose a unique approach to secure patients’ data using novel eigenheart features calculated from coarse-grained heart rate data. Various statistical and visualization techniques are utilized to explain the potential vulnerabilities of the model. Though it is feasible to develop continuous user authentication models from readily available heart rate data with reasonable performance, they are affected by factors such as age and Body Mass Index (BMI). These factors will be crucial for developing a more robust authentication model in the future.

Learning Management System in Education via Mobile App: Trends and Patterns in Mobile Learning

The mobile revolution has influenced students’ preferences for various educational platforms in the new digital era, especially regarding young learners’ utilization of mobile devices such as smartphones, iPads, and other gadgets for mobile learning (m-learning). Because of this, universities that implement learning management systems (LMS) through standard web-based platforms should explore the potential for integrating mobile devices and technologies into m-learning platforms. Through the utilization of this technology, LMS can facilitate continuous user interaction and enhance user awareness of any revisions made to the material. To reach the majority of LMS users, mobile applications must be developed for all major mobile platforms. By utilizing the Web View API, this research combined native mobile and web technologies to develop the mobile application. This strategy was adopted in anticipation of the requirement to create and maintain the application across multiple mobile platforms. It was anticipated that this approach would reduce the time needed for creation, maintain a consistent interface, and enable the use of platform-specific features. It also makes sense to provide mobile device access to some of the LMS virtual classroom’s functions. The K-means algorithm is used for analyzing course material and learning. Nevertheless, achieving this goal might not be an easy process. To enable this form of connection between the LMS and the m-learning applications, this chapter assesses the challenges involved in achieving that goal and presents various common interchange designs and related research and development efforts.

P2Y12 Inhibitors Refill Gap Predicts Death in Medicare Beneficiaries on Chronic Dialysis

Oral P2Y12 inhibitors (P2Y12-I) are commonly used antiplatelet drugs in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on chronic dialysis. Although gaps in prescription refills are quite common in patients with ESKD, it remains unclear whether P2Y12-I prescription refill patterns are associated with adverse clinical outcomes. We used the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) registry for patients with ESKD to capture new P2Y12-I prescriptions from 2011 to 2015. The primary exposure was prescription refill patterns and the primary outcome was all-cause death. Among the 31,243 patients with new P2Y12-I prescription, median age was 64 years; 54% were male; and 39% were Caucasian, 37% African American, and 18% Hispanic. We observed 3 P2Y12-I refill patterns as follows: continuous users (45.1%), noncontinuous users (3.6%), and users with≥30 days refill gap (51.4%). Prescription refill pattern with≥30 days refill gap (vs. continuous use) was associated with all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-1.23). Age and race were the most important risk factors associated with prescription refill pattern. African Americans (vs. Caucasians) were more likely to demonstrate≥30 days refill gap, (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.36-1.51). In addition, younger patients (vs. older) were more likely to demonstrate≥30 day refill gap (adjusted OR/decade: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.89-0.92). Nonadherence to P2Y12-I prescriptions is quite common, and disproportionately affects minorities. Younger individuals with ESKD are independently associated with a higher risk of death. The odds of having a refill gap are decreasing for older patients who are more compliant than younger patients. Future studies should investigate whether phenotyping subgroups of patients with ESKD based on prescription refill patterns can help in improving adverse clinical outcomes.

Pagadian Diocesan Schools Information Monitoring System through Data Visualization

The Pagadian Diocesan Schools Information Monitoring System through Data Visualization is a web-based application meticulously developed to address the challenges of managing educational data across multiple schools within the Pagadian Diocese. Utilizing HTML, MySQL, PHP, CSS, and Bootstrap, the system streamlines the login process for administrators, enhances data monitoring, and provides a centralized view for superintendents. Through advanced data visualization tools, the platform presents essential metrics such as student population, income, and expenses, contributing significantly to the Pagadian government’s education initiatives while adhering to ethical data usage practices. Continuous user feedback ensures the refinement of the system, guaranteeing efficient and effective data management within the Pagadian Diocese. The study also encompasses the design, development, and testing phases of the system, following the Waterfall Model. Through rigorous testing, the system demonstrated commendable performance, stability, and security measures, with high user-friendliness and compatibility. The ISO/Logical Summary Report identified strengths in Functional Stability, Portability, Reliability, Security, Usability, and Maintainability, leading to a Total ISO/Logical Flow score of 90.94%. Overall, the system promises a smooth, effective, and dependable user experience, with room for improvement in UI design and error handling to enhance its performance further.

Identifying Factors of User Acceptance of a Drone-Based Medication Delivery: User-Centered Design Approach.

The use of drones in the health care sector is increasingly being discussed against the background of the aging population and the growing shortage of skilled workers. In particular, the use of drones to provide medication in rural areas could bring advantages for the care of people with and without a need for care. However, there are hardly any data available that focus on the interaction between humans and drones. This study aims to disclose and analyze factors associated with user acceptance of drone-based medication delivery to derive practice-relevant guidance points for participatory technology development (for apps and drones). A controlled mixed methods study was conducted that supports the technical development process of an app design for drone-assisted drug delivery based on a participatory research design. For the quantitative analysis, established and standardized survey instruments to capture technology acceptance, such as the System Usability Scale; Technology Usage Inventory (TUI); and the Motivation, Engagement, and Thriving in User Experience model, were used. To avoid possible biasing effects from a continuous user development (eg, response shifts and learning effects), an ad hoc group was formed at each of the 3 iterative development steps and was subsequently compared with the consisting core group, which went through all 3 iterations. The study found a positive correlation between the usability of a pharmacy drone app and participants' willingness to use it (r=0.833). Participants' perception of usefulness positively influenced their willingness to use the app (r=0.487; TUI). Skepticism had a negative impact on perceived usability and willingness to use it (r=-0.542; System Usability Scale and r=-0.446; TUI). The study found that usefulness, skepticism, and curiosity explained most of the intention to use the app (F3,17=21.12; P<.001; R2=0.788; adjusted R2=0.751). The core group showed higher ratings on the intention to use the pharmacy drone app than the ad hoc groups. Results of the 2-tailed t tests showed a higher rating on usability for the third iteration of the core group compared with the first iteration. With the help of the participatory design, important aspects of acceptance could be revealed by the people involved in relation to drone-assisted drug delivery. For example, the length of time spent using the technology is an important factor for the intention to use the app. Technology-specific factors such as user-friendliness or curiosity are directly related to the use acceptance of the drone app. Results of this study showed that the more participants perceived their own competence in handling the app, the more they were willing to use the technology and the more they rated the app as usable.

High adherence to intermittent and continuous use of a contraceptive vaginal ring among women in a randomized controlled trial in Kigali, Rwanda.

The introduction of female-initiated drug-delivery methods, including vaginal rings, have proven to be a promising avenue to address sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies, which disproportionally affects women and girls in sub-Saharan Africa. Efficient uptake of existing and new technologies such as vaginal rings requires in depth understanding of product adherence. This remains a major challenge as data on adherence to vaginal rings from African countries is limited. In this study, we explored adherence of contraceptive vaginal ring (NuvaRing®) use in Kigali, Rwanda using a mixed methods approach. We collected quantitative and qualitative data at multiple time points from women participating in a clinical trial exploring the safety and acceptability of either intermittent or continuous use of the NuvaRing®. Various adherence categories were used including monthly and cumulative adherence measurement. The quantitative data were analysed using R and the qualitative data were analysed using a deductive, content-analytical approach based on categories related to the quantitative adherence measures. All data were compared and triangulated. Data from 120 enrolled participants showed that self-reported adherence was high at every study visit in both study groups. At first study visit 80% of the intermittent ring users and 79.7% of the continuous ring users reported perfect adherence (assessed as "the ring was never out"). Reporting of ring expulsions and removals were highest (28.3%) at the beginning of the trial. Self-reported perfect ring adherence increased during the study and reports of ring expulsions and removals declined as familiarity with this contraceptive method increased. The percentage of women with perfect cumulative adherence was non-significantly higher in the intermittent (61.7%) than in the continuous use group (54.3%). The low rate of discrepant adherence data after triangulation (6%) is in line with the perception of the participants as adherent throughout the study. Self-reported adherence in both study groups was high with removals and expulsions being within the expected product range. Comprehensive adherence data triangulation allowed for a deeper understanding of context-driven behaviour that shaped adherence patterns and challenges. Our data categorisation and triangulation approach has shown potential for implementation in future vaginal ring studies aiming to better understand and measure adherence.

Association of Antipsychotic Polypharmacy and Two-Year All-Cause Mortality: A Population-Based Cohort Study of 33,221 Italian Continuous Users.

Background: Differences in survival between patients treated with antipsychotic monotherapy vs. polytherapy are debated. This study aimed to examine the association of antipsychotic polytherapy with 2-year all-cause mortality in a population-based cohort. Methods: Data were retrieved from healthcare databases of four local health units of Lombardy, Italy. Subjects aged 18-79 years who received continuous antipsychotic prescriptions in 2018 were identified. Overall survival among patients with antipsychotic monotherapy vs. polytherapy was compared. A multivariate Cox PH model was used to estimate the association between antipsychotic therapy, or antipsychotic use (continuous vs. non-continuous), and all-cause mortality. Adjustments were made for the presence of metabolic disturbances, total antipsychotic dosage amount (olanzapine equivalent doses), age, and sex. Results: A total of 49,875 subjects receiving at least one prescription of antipsychotics during 2018 were identified. Among the 33,221 patients receiving continuative antipsychotic prescriptions, 1958 (5.9%) experienced death from any cause at two years. Patients with continuous antipsychotic use had a 1.13-point increased mortality risk compared with non-continuous users. Patients treated with antipsychotic polytherapy showed an adjusted mortality risk increased by 17% (95% CI: 2%, 33%) compared to monotherapy. Conclusions: The study highlights the potential risks associated with antipsychotic polypharmacy, emphasizing the importance of optimizing drug prescriptions to improve patient safety and reduce mortality rates in individuals receiving antipsychotic therapy.

Optimizing Network Performance Through Joint Caching and Recommendation Policy for Continuous User Request Behavior

Optimizing Network Performance Through Joint Caching and Recommendation Policy for Continuous User Request Behavior