Continuous Strengthening Research Articles

Practical Value and Development Prospect of Green Building Design in the New Period

<p>Relevant research points out that as one of the lifeblood industries of China’s economic development, the development of construction industry is related to the national economy and people’s livelihood. Therefore, in the new historical period, in order to further realize the rational development of China’s construction industry, a large number of construction industry practitioners have conducted in-depth analysis and exploration on the development direction of China. After analyzing, the researchers said that with the continuous improvement and strengthening of public awareness of environmental protection, in the future, China’s construction industry should focus on energy conservation and environmental protection. Based on this, relevant staff put forward the idea of “green building design”, aiming at effectively guiding China’s construction industry to achieve rational transformation. In this paper, the green building design work is taken as the breakthrough point, and the main problems existing in the green building design work in China in the new period are analyzed reasonably. At the same time, the corresponding optimization strategies are put forward, aiming to guide the construction industry workers to further realize the understanding and understanding of green building design, and then lay the foundation for the development of China’s construction industry.</p>

Source apportionment of PM2.5 in the most polluted Central Plains Economic Region in China: Implications for joint prevention and control of atmospheric pollution

With continuous strengthening of emission control actions, the air quality in northern China during winter has been improved in recent years. However, the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration remains high in the Central Plains Economic Region (CPER). The Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System coupled with an on-line source-tagged model was applied to investigate the source apportionment of primary and secondary PM2.5 in the most polluted area of China from November 2017 to March 2018. On average, local emissions represent the largest contributor to ambient PM2.5 levels, followed by transport from circumjacent cities at five receptors in northern CPER. Under high PM2.5 concentrations (more than 150 μg/m3), 60%–70% of the primary PM2.5 is freshly emitted on the current day, while the contribution of the current day, one day ago, and two or more days ago are comparable to secondary aerosols. The estimation of contributions based on distance shows that the contribution from regions within 200 km reaches more than 80% of the primary PM2.5, while the contribution from long-range transport within 200–500 km still accounts for more than 20% of the secondary PM2.5 at the receptor sites. These results indicate that control measures of primary particle emission should be effective to reduce the primary PM2.5 levels within local and nearby regions, and control measures of gas phase precursors one or more days in advance should be beneficial to surrounding regions within 500 km. The process analysis results of the change in PM2.5 mass over the northern part of the CPER during increased PM2.5 periods illustrate that the existing particle total transport is smaller than the secondary aerosol chemical production and primary aerosol emissions since the westerly and southerly net inputs are mostly offset by the large net outputs at the east boundary in both cases. This finding indicates that the ambient PM2.5 mass in a selected area is strongly affected by the upstream region; meanwhile, the PM2.5 in this area also spreads to the downstream region. Joint prevention and control measures that cooperate with upstream regions for both primary particles and gas phase precursor emissions are crucial for improving the air quality over polluted areas. As the emission control measures would lead to some economic losses, beneficiary downstream regions could reasonably provide certain economic compensation to upstream regions if emergency control measures are taken.

Reduced incidence of hepatitis C in 9 villages in rural Egypt: Progress towards national elimination goals

Egypt has a major HCV burden and a well established treatment programme, with an ambitious goal of HCV elimination. Our aim was to assess the impact of a comprehensive HCV prevention, test and treat programme on the incidence of new HCV infections in 9 villages in rural Egypt. An HCV "educate, test and treat" project was implemented in 73 villages across 7 governorates in Egypt between 06/2015 and 06/2018. In 2018, in 9 of the villages we re-tested individuals who originally tested HCV antibody (HCV-Ab) and HBsAg negative using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs); confirmatory HCV RNA testing was performed for positive cases. The incidence rate per 1,000 person-years (py) was calculated, and risk factors for incident HCV infections assessed through an interviewer-administered questionnaire in 1:3 age- and gender-matched cases and controls. Out of 20,490 individuals who originally tested HCV-Ab negative in the 9 villages during the 2015-2016 implementation of the "educate, test and treat" programme, 19,816 (96.7%) were re-tested in 2018. Over a median of 2.4 years (IQR 2.1-2.7), there were 19 new HCV infections all of which were HCV RNA positive (incidence rate 0.37/1,000 py) (95% CI 0.24-0.59). Compared to a previous estimate of incidence in the Nile Delta region (2.4/1,000 py) from 2006, there was a substantial reduction in overall incidence of new HCV infections. Exposures through surgery (odds ratio 51; 95% CI 3.5-740.1) and dental procedures (odds ratio 23.8; 95% CI 2.9-194.9) were significant independent predictors of incident infections. This is the first study to show a substantial reduction in incidence of new HCV infections in a sample of the general population in Egypt following attainment of high testing and treatment coverage. New infections were significantly associated with healthcare-associated exposures. Egypt has a major national HCV testing and treatment programme with the goal of eliminating HCV infection. We assessed the impact of a comprehensive HCV prevention, test and treat programme in 73 villages that achieved high coverage of testing and treatment on the subsequent incidence of new HCV infections in nine of the villages. We re-tested people who were previously HCV antibody negative and found that the rate of new HCV infections was greatly reduced compared to previous estimates. We also found that exposure through surgery and dental procedures were associated with these new infections. This highlights the importance of continued strengthening of infection control and prevention measures, alongside treatment scale-up.

Bacteraemia, Malaria, and Case Fatality Among Children Hospitalized With Fever in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

BackgroundFebrile illness is the commonest cause of hospitalization in children <5 years in sub-Saharan Africa, and bacterial bloodstream infections and malaria are major causes of death.MethodsFrom March 2017 to July 2018, we enrolled 2,226 children aged 0–5 years hospitalized due to fever in four major public hospitals of Dar es Salaam, namely, Amana, Temeke, and Mwananyamala Regional Hospitals and Muhimbili National Hospital. We recorded social demographic and clinical data, and we performed blood-culture and HIV-antibody testing. We used qPCR to quantify Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) to identify bacterial isolates. Disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.ResultsNineteen percent of the children (426/2,226) had pathogens detected from blood. Eleven percent (236/2,226) of the children had bacteraemia/fungaemia and 10% (204/2,063) had P. falciparum malaria. Ten children had concomitant malaria and bacteraemia. Gram-negative bacteria (64%) were more frequent than Gram-positive (32%) and fungi (4%). Over 50% of Gram-negative bacteria were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers and multidrug resistant. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was found in 11/42 (26.2%). The most severe form of clinical malaria was associated with high parasitaemia (>four million genomes/μL) of P. falciparum in plasma. Overall, in-hospital death was 4% (89/2,146), and it was higher in children with bacteraemia (8%, 18/227) than malaria (2%, 4/194, p = 0.007). Risk factors for death were bacteraemia (p = 0.03), unconsciousness at admission (p < 0.001), and admission at a tertiary hospital (p = 0.003).ConclusionCompared to previous studies in this region, our study showed a reduction in malaria prevalence, a decrease in in-hospital mortality, and an increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) including ESBLs and multidrug resistance. An increase of AMR highlights the importance of continued strengthening of diagnostic capability and antimicrobial stewardship programs. We also found malaria and bacteraemia contributed equally in causing febrile illness, but bacteraemia caused higher in-hospital death. The most severe form of clinical malaria was associated with P. falciparum parasitaemia.

Electron localization governed plasticity in nanotwinned metals beyond the Hall-Petch type limit

While nanotwinned metals have been widely reported to show a strengthening-softening transition as the twin spacing decreases below a critical size, which is similar to the Hall-Petch limit in nanocrystalline materials, a recent study has suggested that some nanotwinned high entropy alloys (HEAs) could show continuous strengthening as long as the twin spacing decreases. Here we investigate the physical origin of the contrasting plasticity in nanotwinned face-centered-cubic (FCC) metals beyond the Hall-Petch type limit by using atomistic simulations based on density functional theory. Our results indicate that the degree of electron localization among atoms at the FCC sites and the stacking faults, which have a hexagonal-closed-packed (HCP) structure, governs the plasticity in nanotwinned metals with extremely fine twin spacing. Specifically, metals whose electrons are more localized at FCC atoms than those at stacking faults, such as conventional FCC metals, are associated with positive stacking fault energy and accordingly detwinning and strengthening-to-softening transition beyond the Hall-Petch type limit. In contrast, metals in which electrons are more localized at stacking faults than at FCC sites as found in some HEAs exhibit negative stacking fault energy and continuous strengthening by the unconventional FCC-to-HCP martensite transformation when the Hall-Petch type limit is reached. This work provides a new microscopic aspect from the electron properties to understand the macroscopic mechanical behavior of nanotwinned FCC metals which can shed some light on designing novel complex alloys.

The role of water distribution system in HCAIs

Abstract Introduction The water distribution system in hospitals may constitute a source of healthcare-associated infections. Understanding the means of acquisition, sources and reservoirs of nosocomial pathogens is crucial for developing methods to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections. The aim of our study was to evaluate the microbiological contamination by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the water system of the University Hospital “G. Martino” in Messina over a period of nine years, in order to a) clarify possible relationship between the presence of aerators and contamination, b) to highlight the presence of a yearly variation and c) to verify the statistical difference between microbiological contamination of taps with and without filters. Materials and Methods We carried out a retrospective study for nine year through the collection of water samples that were analysed for total bacteria count and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The differences between the results recorded over the nine-year study period were evaluated using variance analysis. P values of &amp;lt; 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Software R was used for statistical assessment. Results We analysed a total of 6168 samples with a positive rate of 9.31% and a decreasing trend over the nine years to a value of 2.44% (p &amp;lt; 0.001), due to the elimination of the aerators of taps without filters and also to the introduction of filters in taps of high-risk wards and surgical rooms. We found statistical difference between taps with or without filter (p &amp;lt; 0.001) and a higher positive rate during the summer season compared to the other months. Also, an increase of the positivity rate was detected in some year due to the lack of monthly replacement of the filter. Conclusions These results reveal a high level of contamination of taps by opportunistic bacteria with severe implications especially for high-risk settings and therefore, the need to improve the management of these devices. Key messages Particular attention must be reserved to the water distribution systems in hospitals in order to prevent the spread of healthcare associated infections. The continued application and strengthening of guidelines and procedures is essential to limit the spread of multidrug resistant pathogens.

Path Exploration of Grid Management of Marine Communities Based on Numerical Assimilation

Yi, M.G., 2020. Path exploration of grid management of marine communities based on numerical assimilation. In: Bai, X. and Zhou, H. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Environmental Protection, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 115, pp. 327-332. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.At present, Marine management is one of the key research work in the construction of Marine environment in China. The “grid” management is the innovation of the contemporary urban management mode. In this paper, the existing problems of ocean management are analyzed and studied according to the “grid” management of ocean. The “grid” management of cities provides experience for the “grid” management of the ocean, and USES digital and information technology to divide the ocean, and expands the sharing of ocean information resources through the “grid” management of the ocean, so as to realize the pattern innovation of ocean management. With the continuous strengthening of Marine construction, China's Marine management is faced with new opportunities and challenges. Based on the urban “grid” management, this paper extends the “grid” management mode to Marine management, studies the problems in Marine management, and puts forward relevant measures to promote the implementation of “grid” management in Marine management.

Influence of Innovation Strategy on the Competitive Advantage and Knowledge Management of Coastal Port Enterprises

Wang, B., 2020. Influence of innovation strategy on the competitive advantage and knowledge management of coastal port enterprises. In: Bai, X. and Zhou, H. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Environmental Protection, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 115, pp. 151-153. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.With the continuous strengthening of our country's comprehensive national strength, our country's economic and political board are close to the international border, whether political exchanges or economic exchanges. As an important channel for our country's export and internal introduction, coastal ports are a development area that the country attaches great importance to. Therefore, for the development of coastal port enterprises, the state and people are very concerned about how to enhance the competitive advantage of coastal port enterprises. And gradually to improve and build a development system step by step, and knowledge energy, as the most respected unlimited recycling resources, is able to become a coastal port enterprises to achieve the high-speed development of the quality of leapfrogging a very core source, so coastal port enterprises to rely on the power of knowledge, unlimited accumulation and renewal of knowledge, and let these important convergence, become coastal port enterprises in the fierce competition in the domestic and international can obtain the best choice of power and development direction.

Revisión conceptual de “calidad educativa” y sus procesos en las instituciones de educación superior de criminología

El presente artículo es parte de la investigación doctoral “Estudio de Pertinencia de los Proyectos de Formación y Ejercicio Profesional de los Criminólogos” en la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), financiada por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), que estudia el proceso de acreditación de calidad en los centros de educación superior de criminología y criminalística en México. El objetivo del presente del es revisar los conceptos de calidad educativa y descubrir sus características. El método empleado consiste en la revisión de documentos sobre calidad en la educación, por otro lado, se revisan las instituciones que se encuentran ya acreditadas bajo los estándares de los organismos evaluadores. Con la revisión de estos conceptos, resulta la propuesta de implementar estándares en los centros escolares para unirse a la tendencia de mejora en los procesos pedagógicos, infraestructura, auditoría, etcétera, para el fortalecimiento continuo de la educación.

Marine Finance in China: Implications, Development, and Innovation

Wu, X.-H.; Wang, P.-Y., and Wu, Y.-N., 2020. Marine finance in China: Implications, development, and innovation. In: Gong, D.; Zhang, M., and Liu, R. (eds.), Advances in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 106, pp. 38–41. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The continual strengthening of global integration highlights the importance of marine finance. Therefore, strategic development goals need to be set up that will better promote the development of finance for the marine economy. Enhancing China's comprehensive strength will enhance its position in the world, which requires attention on the strategic development of the marine economy. China is a semicoastal country with a vast continental area and rich marine resources, which are an important basis for the development of marine finance in China. Because of the continual strengthening of global integration, China must attach importance to the development of international marine finance, which will promote the innovation in marine economic development and in the overall economy. This article first analyzes the development of marine finance and strategic innovation in China's marine economy. Then, it analyzes many characteristics of modern ocean development. Finally, this article puts forward some feasible development strategies.

Will China Suffer the Same Fate as the Soviet Union?

It was widely assumed in the West following the collapse of European socialism that China would undergo a similar process of counter-revolution. This article seeks to understand why, three decades later, this hasn't happened, and whether it is likely to happen in the foreseeable future. The article contrasts China's “reform and opening up” process, pursued since 1978, with the “perestroika” and “glasnost” policies taken up in the Soviet Union under the Gorbachev leadership. A close analysis of the available data makes it clear that China's reform has been far more successful than the Soviet reform; that, in contrast to the Soviet Union in the 1980s, all the key quality of life indicators in China have undergone significant improvement in the last 40 years, and China is emerging as a global leader in science, technological innovation and environmental preservation. The article argues that the disparate outcomes in China and the Soviet Union are the result primarily of the far more effective economic strategy pursued by the Chinese government, along with the continued strengthening of the Communist Party of China's leadership.

Estimation of Mean Variation in Prediction Probability for Prevalence of Hypertension in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Using Probit Model.

The aims of this study are to estimate the mean change in the predicted probability and identify the most important predictors of diagnosed, measured, total, and undiagnosed hypertension among aged 45+ adults in China. We used data collected from the fourth wave (2015) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (n = 12 236). First, we estimated the prevalence of diagnosed, measured, total, and undiagnosed hypertension. Second, we used probit models to identify the factors that were associated with hypertension, and we estimated average marginal effects of variables in probit models. Among Chinese people aged 45+, the prevalence of diagnosed, measured, total, and undiagnosed hypertension were 23.1%, 32.7%, 42.6%, and 19.5%, respectively. The probability of total hypertension is higher for overweight and obesity than normal body mass index (10.4% and 19.3%, respectively), higher for past smokers and current smokers than nonsmokers (5.9% and 3.8%, respectively), higher for urban population than rural population (4.0%), and lower for married individuals than unmarried/single (-7.1%). Our results suggest that continued strengthening for smoking prevention is needed to reduce smoking-related hypertension and greater focus on prevention of hypertension are necessary for overweight or obesity and in urban areas among middle-aged and older adults in China.

Continuous strengthening in nanotwinned high-entropy alloys enabled by martensite transformation

Strengthening by nanotwins in metals has been widely reported to have a limit, i.e., softening occurs when the twin thickness is reduced below a critical value, similar to the Hall-Petch breakdown in nanocrystalline materials. Here we report based on atomistic simulations that such a limit can be eliminated in high-entropy alloys (HEAs) by tuning their composition and the corresponding stacking fault energies. By using nanotwinned ${(\mathrm{CoCrFeMn})}_{1\text{\ensuremath{-}}x}\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{i}}_{x}$ HEA as a model system, our results indicate that continuous strengthening can be enabled in this HEA at Ni concentrations below 44% by martensite phase transformation even when the twin thickness approaches the theoretical minimum (i.e., three-atomic-layers thick). In contrast, at Ni concentration above 44%, a strengthening-softening transition appears in the HEA due to detwinning when the twin thickness decreases, which is similar to that in conventional fcc metals with nanoscale twins. A simple parameter based on the ratio between the energy barriers for detwinning and martensite transformation has been proposed to explain these findings, which should shed some light on a generalized deformation map in nanotwinned metals.

‘I guess we have to treat them, but … ’: health care provider perspectives on management of women presenting with unsafe abortion in Botswana

ABSTRACT Maternal mortality due to unsafe abortion and its complications stands among the three leading causes of maternal death in Botswana. Health care providers (HCPs) including doctors and nurses are at the frontline of providing care to women who have had an unsafe abortion. This qualitative study explored the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of HCPs towards unsafe abortion in Botswana. We purposively sampled 18 HCPs and used a semi-structured topic guide to engage them in in-depth interviews, which were audio-recorded. These interviews were transcribed and analysed to identify emerging themes. We found that HCPs were knowledgeable about unsafe abortion, local inducers, and its management. However, their religious and moral biases as well as concern for the safety of women biased their view on the subject-matter and of the women themselves. These biases also affected their willingness to provide care, including provision of analgesics. Notwithstanding these biases and the reported lack of clarity on their legal role in managing unsafe abortion, many HCPs recognised their duty-of-care to patients. The continued strengthening of post-abortion services should be implemented in conjunction with engagements with providers to clarify their values and the roles they would be willing to play in abortion and post-abortion care services.

Correlated necklace dislocations in highly oriented nanotwinned metals

In this paper, we review recent progress in the understanding of a novel dislocation mechanism, named correlated necklace dislocations (CNDs), activated in highly oriented nanotwinned (NT) metals under monotonic and cyclic loading applied parallel to the twin boundaries (TBs). This mechanism was initially revealed to be responsible for the continuous strengthening behavior of NT metals when the TB spacing (λ) is reduced to around 1 nm. It was later found that the presence of a crack-like defect could trigger the operation of CNDs at much larger TB spacings. Most recently, atomistic modeling and experiments demonstrated a history-independent and stable cyclic response of highly oriented NT metals governed by CNDs formed in the NT structure under cyclic loading. CNDs move along the twin planes without directional lattice slip resistance, thus contributing to a symmetric cyclic response of the NT structure regardless of pre-strains imposed on the sample before cyclic loading. We conclude with potential research directions in the investigation of this unique deformation mechanism in highly oriented NT metals.

Somalia

This paper discusses Somalia’s Second Review Under the Staff-Monitored Program and Request for Three-Year Arrangements Under the Extended Credit and the Extended Fund Facility. The three-year financing package will support the implementation of the authorities’ National Development Plan and anchor reforms between the heavily indebted poor countries Decision and Completion Points. Reforms will focus on a continued strengthening of public finances to meet Somalia’s development needs in a sustainable manner; a deepening of central bank capacity; improvement of the business environment and governance; and enhancing statistics. Risks to the program and outlook remain elevated, although there is also upside potential. The immediate political risks concern the upcoming elections, while frequent climate shocks continue to contribute to agricultural loss and human displacement. On the upside, greater-than-expected impact from reforms under the program and additional development financing, together with the development of new industries, could lead to higher and more inclusive growth than the baseline.

High-pressure strengthening in ultrafine-grained metals

The Hall-Petch relationship, according to which the strength of a metal increases as the grain size decreases, has been reported to break down at a critical grain size of around 10 to 15 nanometres1,2. As the grain size decreases beyond this point, the dominant mechanism of deformation switches from a dislocation-mediated process to grain boundary sliding, leading to material softening. In one previous approach, stabilization of grain boundaries through relaxation and molybdenum segregation was used to prevent this softening effect in nickel-molybdenum alloys with grain sizes below 10 nanometres3. Here we track in situ the yield stress and deformation texturing of pure nickel samples of various average grain sizes using a diamond anvil cell coupled with radial X-ray diffraction. Our high-pressure experiments reveal continuous strengthening in samples with grain sizes from 200 nanometres down to 3 nanometres, with the strengthening enhanced (rather than reduced) at grain sizes smaller than 20 nanometres. We achieve a yield strength of approximately 4.2 gigapascals in our 3-nanometre-grain-size samples, ten times stronger than that of a commercial nickel material. A maximum flow stress of 10.2 gigapascals is obtained in nickel of grain size 3 nanometres for the pressure range studied here. We see similar patterns of compression strengthening in gold and palladium samples down to the smallest grain sizes. Simulations and transmission electron microscopy reveal that the high strength observed in nickel of grain size 3 nanometres is caused by the superposition of strengthening mechanisms: both partial and full dislocation hardening plus suppression of grain boundary plasticity. These insights contribute to the ongoing search for ultrastrong metals via materials engineering.

Structural behavior of SCC continuous deep beam strengthening and retrofitting with carbon fiber reinforced polymer strips

This study presents an experimental work to investigate the structural behavior of continuous self-compacting concrete (SCC) deep beams strengthened and retrofitted with woven carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips and evaluate their shear capacity. The work includes casting and testing fourteen beams specimens. All tested beams have the same dimensions, the same flexural reinforcement and concrete compressive strength with two continuous span and have been subjected to two-point loads. The test specimens were divided into three groups. The first group including eight beams with minimum ratio of shear reinforcement (ρv= ρh=0.25%) and two parameters considered, shear span to overall depth ratio (a/h) and three different schemes of CFRP strip. The second group including four beams without interior vertical and horizontal shear reinforcement (ρv=ρh=0%) with three different schemes of CFRP strip and control beam. The third group consists of two beams with minimum ratio (ρv= ρh=0.25%) were firstly loaded to 65% of the ultimate load of control beams, after that the loads were released and then retrofitted by CFRP strip by two different schemes. The experimental results show that the specimens with vertical CFRP strips an increase in ultimate strength load by 32.6% and 20% compared to the control beams.

Reflections on the extinction of the National Council for Food and Nutrition Security and the confrontation of Covid-19 in Brazil

ABSTRACT The Provisional Measure 870/2019, which amended the Organic Law on Food and Nutrition Security and extinguished the Conselho Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (National Council for Food and Nutrition Security), has brought serious consequences to the Brazilian population, especially for the most vulnerable. This scientific note brings reflections on the trajectory of the Conselho Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, the repercussions of its extinction in the last year, and the project to dismantle social protection policies in Brazil, with serious consequences at a time when the country is going through a crisis in public health due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The absence of the Conselho Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional and the weakening of the set of policies for Food and Nutritional Security has mobilized the civil society to defend the human rights to food, food sovereignty, and to democracy itself. The resistance of the different social movements in order to maintain the spaces of civil participation related to Food and Nutrition Security public policies are still going to be long and arduous, demanding the continued vocalization and strengthening of partnership networks within the different movements of the organized civil society. Finally, we highlight the urgent need for restoration of the National System of Food and Nutritional Security (Sistema Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional) with all its instances, and of other social policies, so that the negative consequences of the pandemic are avoided or mitigated and the State complies with its obligations to guarantee the rights of the Brazilian population.

Establishing and Functioning of a Poliphonic Center in the Area of Southern Albania and the North of Greece,

In times that we are living, it is becoming more careful are more interesting the preserve of making art and culture part regarding the cultural heritage. For their own social and political stages, no initiative or objective can be in school life by any means. Consequently, the designed strategy cannot approach reality spontaneously. Seen in this perspective, today it is presented as an important priority to rise at the institutional level of state, central or local policies, through which can be protected the most defining values of the heritage of the Balkan peoples. Regarding this idea, in my work I have tried to analyze in detail the phenomenon where Polyphony stands out and prevails in Albanian culture and art, as well as by harmonizing it with state policies, to build the first centers of Polyphony concentrated mainly in the South of Albania, as well as in the North of Greece, exactly where the greatest concentration of the delivery and interpretation of Polyphony is located. No goal can be achieved if we will not be able to draft strategic plans or sound studies aimed at preserving or even continuously generating the values of our society. Therefore, since art and culture in themselves do not aim to emphasize in an extreme way the differences between peoples but their approximation, the establishment of polyphonic centers between the two countries Albania and Greece, with the right tools, legislation and infrastructure, would make possible, the preservation and continuous strengthening of this heritage, without compromising in any means or way the peculiarities or even their distinctive characteristics in creativity and interpretation.