Casual Workers Research Articles

Socialization and education on utilization of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) and Village Community Economic Empowerment Through Silvofishery in Kedai Damar Village, Serdang Bedagai, North Sumatra


 The service team carried out was entitled "Utilization of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) for Village Mapping and Economic Empowerment of Village Communities Through Silvofishery in Kedai Damar Village, " Serdang Bedagai, North Sumatra.PKM activities with this partnership scheme focus on the field of information technology with geospatial information systems through drones for mapping village administrative centers. Some people in Kedai Damar Village have a livelihood as casual daily laborers, farmers, and entrepreneurs. Partner problems that become priority are: (1) There is no mapping of the central area of ​​the village administration, and (2) Lack of community knowledge of land use through silvofishery. Therefore, the solution offered is using drone technology (Unmanned Aeriel Vechiel) for mapping village administration and increasing the skills and insight of the village community by training on land use based on the silvofishery system as a solution to improving the economy of the Kedai Damar Village community. The main objective of this service is to map Kedai Damar Village's administrative center. Immigrant communities can utilize this map as a public service. Another goal is to train the community by increasing community skills through silvofishery-based land use for catfish and eel cultivation and reforestation with guava, jengkol, and petai seeds.

Gigification of English Language Instructor Work in Higher Education: Precarious Employment and Magic Time

AbstractThis article describes how discourses of professionalism, insecurity, and exploitation among English as a second language/English for Academic Purposes (hereinafter ESL/EAP) instructors and curriculum‐level administrators at two Canadian universities relate to their understanding of fair work. These understandings are examined in a nested manner, in keeping with social positioning theory. Via discourse and thematic analysis of job advertisements and semi‐structured interviews, we illuminate aspects of the gigification of ESL/EAP in Canada, wherein ESL/EAP instructor work is increasingly rendered un(der)paid, constantly evaluated, surveilled, and precarious. Viewed through the lens of “magic time,” an infinite category of work time, we document the frustrations of ESL/EAP instructors who recognize their own exploitation. The relevance of this study is described in relation to the growing numbers of international students at English‐speaking universities throughout the world requiring a robust program infrastructure supporting their success, while the ESL/EAP instructors who provide these programs are increasingly made disposable through contingent employment relationships. The increasing reliance on contract professors teaching for‐credit courses in higher education has come to be known as adjunctification. In the noncredit, the more marginal context of ESL/EAP instructors subject to the forces of international student supply and demand, underpaid even by contract faculty standards, and engaged in often cutthroat competition for the few remaining contracts, we reference contextual differences by calling it gigification.

Toward a sustainable career perspective on contingent work: a critical review and a research agenda

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a synthesis of the contingent work field and to advocate a sustainable career perspective on contingent work.Design/methodology/approachAdopting a broader review approach allowed to synthesize the contingent work literature across contingent work types (temporary agency work, gig work and freelance work) and develop a sustainable career perspective on contingent work. The authors searched for empirical, conceptual and review articles published from 2008 to December 2021. In total, the authors included 208 articles.FindingsThe authors advocate a sustainable career perspective that allows for organizing and synthesizing the fragmented contingent work literature. Adopting a sustainable career perspective enables to study contingent work from a dynamic perspective transcending one single organization.Originality/valueThe field is suffering from fragmentation and most importantly from an oversight of how contingent work experiences play a role in a persons’ career. This paper addresses this problem by adopting a sustainable career perspective on contingent work.

Working every weekend: The paradox of time for insecurely employed academics

Wage theft claims against Australian universities have raised awareness of the substantial proportion of academics who are precariously employed and underpaid. The COVID-19 global pandemic has further highlighted the extent of precarity for many working in higher education. It is in this context that we situate this paper, reflecting on how time is experienced for academics in a period of growing uncertainty, and what this means for individuals who work on casual or fixed-term contracts. While previous research has examined how academics experience time, limited attention has been paid to the ways in which time is experienced by those in precarious employment. Drawing on interviews with 24 academics employed on casual or fixed-term contracts, this paper investigates differences between the experiences of time for those in the ‘precariat’ and those in ongoing employment. We describe social acceleration and uncertainty as inherent features of the neoliberal context of academia. This paper builds on Ylijioki and Mäntylä’s categories of academic time to illustrate how the paid work of precariously employed academics consists primarily of ‘scheduled time’. We argue, however, that academics in short-term or casual employment also engage in substantial unpaid work or ‘concealed time’ in order to compete for future employment. While acknowledging the struggles associated with the acceleration of work for all academics, this paper raises significant concerns about the overwork and risk of burnout for those in precarious employment.

Not in the Greater Good: Academic Capitalism and Faculty Labor in Higher Education

American public universities have assumed business-minded practices and norms that more closely align with the goals and values of corporations than social institutions charged with creating and disseminating knowledge. One consistent strategy to lower costs involves faculty labor. Institutions have outsourced educational missions to a largely contingent workforce to decrease instructional costs; over the last two decades, the number of adjunct or part-time faculty now comprises 70% of all faculty. As a result, policies have decreased instructional costs and provided administrators with increased flexibility to respond to student demands. However, research indicates compromised student outcomes, less shared governance, and faculty work–life pressures that can undermine commitment, motivation, and professional identity. The following literature review examines the locus of academic capitalism and faculty labor, theorizing how faculty labor policies infer consequences for equity, inclusion, and social justice in higher education.

Problems of Unorganized Workers

Despite their significant contribution to the economy, only 6 % of unorganized workers avail any type of social security support. The growth of real wages of casual workers has also been relatively slow in the post-reform period. The workers of the unorganized sectors are the worst affected in the event of any kind of crisis. The fundamental socio-economic rights of domestic migrant workers were adversely affected during the lockdown, but the state response was not up to the expectation. Despite expansion in policy and programmes, India`s wage and social security system is quite vulnerable to unorganized workers. The people of our country know how to arrange the means of subsistence on their own, but if they get adequate government sponsored social assistance easily at the right time, then the difficulties related to their life will be greatly reduced.

The Current Situation of Fiscal and Tax Policies to Promote the Employment Quality of Flexible Workers in New Industries and Improve Countermeasures

With the application of big data, the upgrade of cloud computing resources and the comprehensive popularization of Internet technology, the emergence of new economy and new industry will definitely overturn the traditional working mode, and more and more workers join the flexible employment team and become the main force in the labor market. The new flexible employment is characterized by the diversity and ambiguity of employment relationship, which poses a new challenge to the recognition standard of traditional employment relationship. At the present stage, China's casual labor economy is developing rapidly, but due to the special nature of the industrial model and the ambiguity of the application of relevant tax policies, there are many tax risks in the development of casual labor economy, which further leads to the reduction of the employment quality of flexible workers. Now, we put forward some suggestions on the problems related to the recognition of labor income of flexible workers, the application of preferential policies and tax supervision.

The impact of ridesourcing on equity and sustainability in North American cities: A systematic review of the literature

Research on ridesourcing has grown exponentially in recent years. This study details the results of a systematic review of 161 publications on ridesourcing that explore environmental sustainability and equity in North American cities. We identify five main areas of research. First, ridesourcing is associated with two modal shifts: a decline of the taxi industry and a more complicated association with public transit ridership. Second, several studies have documented workers' rights and the challenges of contingent labor. Third, demographic studies show associations between ridesouring and affluent riders, and spatial analyses indicate that ridesourcing may exacerbate existing patterns of inequity in cities. Fourth, ridesourcing has dubious claims to improve environmental sustainability: it has only a small effect on vehicle ownership, but it increases emissions associated with deadheading, and pooled services do not reduce vehicle miles traveled. Fifth, ridesourcing companies also tend to oppose regulatory responses and sharing data with potential regulators. The review concludes with suggestions on areas for future research.

The validity and measurement equivalence of a brief safety climate questionnaire across casual and permanent workers

BackgroundSafety climate is an effective leading indicator of safety incidents and accidents. However, frequently safety climate measures are only employed in times of crisis rather than for regular monitoring to identify and remediate safety issues before becoming critical. ObjectiveThis study aimed to validate a 24-item version of the 50-item Nordic Occupational Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50) that was developed for use as a regular monitoring tool. MethodAnalyses undertaken included confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and assessments of construct validity, external validity, concurrent validity, measurement equivalence, and benchmarking capabilities. CFA to examine external and construct validity included a combined sample of disability support workers and hospitality employees (N = 474), an independent sample of students in casual employment (N = 122), and employees from a vocational education and training (VET) organisation (N = 539). Concurrent validity was assessed by comparing correlations between the 50-item and 24-item versions of the NOSACQ with health and wellbeing outcome variables. External validity of the NOSACQ-24 was further established using the casual student workers and a sample employees from the VET organisation (N = 53). Paired samples t-tests examined the safety climate scores for the 50-item and 24-item measures across all participant samples to evaluate the benchmarking capability of the NOSACQ-24. ResultsThe NOSACQ-24 demonstrated a comparable factor structure to the NOSACQ-50. External, construct, and concurrent validity for the NOSACQ-24 were largely supported, as were measurement equivalence and benchmarking capabilities. ConclusionUse of the NOSACQ-24 is supported, and future applications are discussed.

Return migration and employment mobility: a pan-European analysis

ABSTRACT Although there has been increasing focus on the employment mobility associated with migration and return, a number of important research gaps can be identified. First, there has been greater focus on occupational mobility than on changes in economic activity, although it is their interaction which determines welfare outcomes. Moreover, most studies of economic activity have focused on either self-employment, or the simple dichotomy between being employed versus unemployed, neglecting the shifts between full-time, part-time, and casual employment. Secondly, research on the determinants of these different types of employment mobility has been relatively narrowly focused on individual economic factors. Most studies have been fragmented, especially lacking a comparative element. To address these gaps, descriptive statistics and Bayesian multilevel models are applied to a pan-European panel survey of 3851 young returned migrants. The findings disclose that positive shifts in employment mobility are more evident in economic activity than in occupations, and for those with a lower occupational status prior to migration. Although a range of significant determinants of employment mobility are identified, the findings also demonstrate that education is a major driver of occupational mobility, while marital and family status are important influences on economic activity shifts.

National survey of mental health and life satisfaction of gig workers: the role of loneliness and financial precarity

ObjectivesTo compare the mental health and life satisfaction of those employed in the gig work and contingent work with those in full-time or part-time work and the unemployed in the...

Pengaruh Kompensasi, Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Harian Lepas di PT Sarana Inti Transindo Surabaya


 To determine whether an organization has a good performance or not, one of the measurement techniques that can be used is to see whether the goals set by the company itself have been achieved or not. PT Sarana Inti Trasindo, a company that offers a wide range of transportation services, mainly focuses on trucks. Especially for casual daily employees who operate in the field of truck drivers, employee performance is still less visible from the problem of late delivery or delivery delays in 2020. The purpose of this study is to look at the K3 elements to see how employee performance and salaries relate to each other. The tool used for data analysis is called Partial Least Square (PLS), and uses this analysis method. Colquitt et al. (2011) defines employee performance as a group of employee behaviors that have a positive or negative effect on the achievement of organizational goals. The health, safety, and welfare of people who work in a facility or project location are the focus of occupational health and safety, often abbreviated as K3, according to Suparno Eko Widodo (2015). Haridoko (2008) claims that "compensation" includes all the benefits that workers get in return for their efforts. Participants in this study were selected from eighty workers from the truck company PT Sarana Inti Trasindo Surabaya. All employees of PT Sarana Inti Trasindo Surabaya who drive trucks are included in the sample of this study. The study findings show that financial compensation and OSH feedback both significantly improve employee performance. It is hoped that PT Sarana Inti Transindo can complete personal protective equipment and also add transportation support equipment to improve the overall performance of personnel.
 Keywords: Health; Work safety ; Performance ; Compensation

The Role of the Trusmi Batik Home Industry in Improving the Community's Economy

This research departs from the phenomenon in Trusmi Village, Plered District, Cirebon Regency, where most of the population works in the batik industry. The number of batik industries in Trusmi village is a shift in livelihoods in the community, and there are still many unemployed. The method used in this research is descriptive and gathers information from informants through in-depth interviews. The results showed that the condition of the community before working as batik craftsmen was that the majority worked as farmers and odd jobs. Then, after the batik industry, the community's economic situation experienced a significant increase. So far, the role of the Trusmi batik industry is in the form of job creation. so that the community members who previously worked as farmers and casual laborers switched professions to work in the batik industry.

Foster Parents National Movement Services (An Analysis of the Needs of Tangerang Foster Children)

The foster parents' national movement is a movement that aims to provide service assistance to foster children so that they can successfully participate in the 9-year compulsory basic education program. Measurements made are based on respondents' answers using nominal, ordinal and interval scales. The method used is descriptive explorative and explanatory method, the population of Tangerang residents aged 7-17 years. The sampling technique is purposive stratified random sampling. The data used is in the form of secondary data, namely parents, class wail and existing reports, primary data derived from direct interviews with children. Data collection techniques were carried out using documentation, structured interviews, structured surveys and observations. The results showed that there was no visible relationship between family characteristics, which included age, gender and education level with the level of fulfillment of children's school needs, both between educated people and parents who were not educated at all, as well as between women and men. . For certain needs, children have the same needs with one another. for certain other needs children have different needs from one another for a period of one year. The level of family economic life is quite alarming, in general they work as casual laborers with very low incomes with a number of dependents between 4-6 people. Thus the existence of the National Movement for Foster Parents is necessary, but it has not been able to touch the problems of children and families, both in terms of type, quantity and priority of children's school needs. In a child's life, the family is the closest unit to the child and cannot be separated from one another.

Impact of COVID-19 on the well-being of children with epilepsy including nodding syndrome in Uganda: A qualitative study

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions on the access and use of health services by children with epilepsy including nodding syndrome in Uganda. MethodsFour focus group discussions (FGD) with parents/caregivers of children with epilepsy and five in-depth interviews with key informants were conducted between April and May 2021 at Butabika National Mental Referral Hospital and Kitgum General Hospital. ResultsCOVID-19-related restrictions, including the halting of non-essential services and activities, and suspension of public transport, created several challenges not only for children with epilepsy and their parents/caregivers but also for their healthcare providers. Study participants described extreme transport restrictions that reduced their access to healthcare care services, increased food insecurity and shortage or inability to afford essential medicines as consequences of COVID-19-related restrictions. However, parents/caregivers and healthcare workers adopted several coping strategies for these challenges. Parents/caregivers mentioned taking on casual work to earn an income to buy food, medicines, and other necessities. Healthcare workers intensified outreach services to affected communities. A positive impact of lockdown measures described by some FGD participants was that most family members stayed at home and were able to care for children with epilepsy in turn. ConclusionsOur study highlights the significant negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions on access to health services and the general well-being of children with epilepsy. Decentralized epilepsy treatment services and nutritional support could reduce the suffering of children with epilepsy and their families during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and similar future emergencies.

Dependency, Paternalism and Financial Control of Women on South African Wine Farms

This study examined the experiences of women farmworkers on South African wine farms, which have a troubling history of paternalism and dependency. This article discusses the enactment of patriarchal norms on South African wine farms today, especially concerning women of colour. Our qualitative study draws on the experiences of 30 farmworkers on five wine farms in the Western Cape. We argue that the women on these farms are reduced to the most exploited participants in the production network and that their exploitation and dependency subsidise the functioning of farm production networks. Our study finds that farms are able to secure the reproductive and casual labour of women through their dependency on men as their partners and farmers, with their partners sometimes acting as informal labour brokers. Increased labour casualisation on wine farms places women at risk, exposing them to the danger of financial control and abuse. We conclude that current norms and practices on South African wine farms rely on the continued oppression of women farmworkers.

Land without Masters: Agrarian Reform and Political Change under Peru's Military Government

Land without Masters: Agrarian Reform and Political Change under Peru's Military Government

AESTHETIC ANALYSIS OF FORMS IN SMART CASUAL WEAR “KSATRIA WASTRA AVIRAMA”

Purpose : This study aims to know the aesthetic analysis of the shape of the smart casual fashion work of Ksatria Wastra Avirama.
 Research methods: this research uses qualitative methods, The data were collected through observation, documentation, and literature, then the data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods.
 Findings: Ksatria Wastra Avirama is a fashion collection consisting of 5 pieces of smart casual clothing made from endek patchwork and seseh woven fabrics. The process of doing work using textile manipulation techniques. Each outfit has a special meaning based on the collected patchwork colors. The aesthetics of the analyzed form are elements of art and design principles in clothing.
 Implications: The results show: The aesthetics of form in the work of Ksatria Wastra Avirama were formed from artistic elements in the form of horizontal, vertical, and diagonal lines, pant silhouettes, square and triangular shapes, and different colors for each design (red, yellow-brown, blue-purple, black and blue, and green), hairy texture, stiff and matte, the size uses the "M" size, dark light to dark, up and down directions, as well as from design principles in the form of rhythmic repetition of color, shape, and texture, harmony in color and texture, shape, proportion 1 (one) on the top and 2 (two) on the bottom, symmetrical balance, the center of attention on the textile manipulation section, the unity of color, texture, and shape elements.

Rationalization of the Economy through Migrant Workers in the Unorganized Sector of Kerala

Purpose: Kerala has seen a considerable influx of migrant workers from various parts of India in recent years. Kerala is an attractive job market for workers from outside the state because of higher earnings, plentiful employment options, and a scarcity of local labourers. The goal of this article is to look at the availability of casual migrant workers in Kerala's labour market as well as their impact on the state's economy. Also looked at how migrants' financial and social status improves as a result of migration. Design/Methodology/Approach: Descriptive Research was used in this study, which is focused on secondary data sources. Secondary data is gathered through books, newspapers, journals, articles, and government websites. Originality: The influences of migrant workers in the rationalization of the economy are discussed. Value: The study will aid in assessing the financial and social upliftment of migrant workers owing to migration by looking at the availability of migrant workers, labour force participation rate, worker population ratio, and wage rate. Findings: There has been a whopping increase in the number of migrant workers in the labour market of Kerala, it figured out that there were 4,12,849 migrants in 2001 and it soared to 31,50,000 migrants in 2020. It is mostly owing to increased job availability and high remuneration rates, which can be seen even in Kerala's unorganised industry. 60% of migrant workers are employed in construction, 8% in manufacturing, 7% in hotels and restaurants, 2% in trade and 2% in agriculture, with the remaining 23% engaged in other occupations. As a result of migration, people's quality of life increases. By educating people about different cultures, traditions, and languages, it enhances their social lives and encourages intergroup harmony, which in turn helps society as a whole. Paper Type: Descriptive study

COVID-19 and Differential Income Recovery: Survey Evidence from Indian Punjab

The study examines changes in earnings of the workers over 1 year. The results show differential impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on income of the workers. The findings suggest that workers, whose occupations were restricted in the initial phase of lockdown, continue to do worse even after lifting the restrictions. Females, casual workers and the less educated are among the worst affected by the economic shock. They continue to lag behind with no sign of catching up with other groups. The study asks for short- and long-term policy measures to address the issue.