Context Of Treatment Research Articles

Classes of childhood adversities and their associations to the mental health of college undergraduates: a nationwide cross-sectional study

BackgroundChildhood adversities pose deleterious consequences on health and well-being, but limited studies explore whether unique patterns of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) impact the mental health of emerging adults and the mediating role of current stressful events (CSEs). This study examined classes of ACEs and how they relate to CSEs, psychological distress, and subjective well-being among Eritrean College undergraduates.MethodsCross-sectional data on ACEs, CSEs, symptoms of psychological distress, and subjective well-being were collected from a national sample of college students (N = 507). We identified ACE patterns using latent class analysis and further examined whether CSEs mediated the effects of ACE classes on psychological distress and subjective well-being.Results86.4% of the sample experienced at least one ACE. Collective violence, domestic violence, and physical abuse were the most common ACEs. Three subgroups, low ACEs (66.3%), household violence (19.1%), and multiple ACEs (14.6%) were identified. We found that relative to low ACEs, household violence (β = 0.142, 95% CI 0.046, 0.248) and multiple ACEs (β = 0.501, 95% CI 0.357, 0.666) indirectly influenced psychological distress through CSEs, and CSEs mediated the relationships between household violence (β = −0.096, 95% CI −0.176, −0.033), multiple ACEs (β = −0.338, 95% CI −0.498, −0.210), and subjective well-being. However, there were nonsignificant relative direct effects of ACE patterns on both psychological distress and subjective well-being.ConclusionsExperiencing multiple ACEs and household violence in conjunction with CSEs significantly predict psychological distress and subjective well-being. Contextual interventions for the early identification of ACEs and the management of CSEs may play a crucial role in the prevention of mental health problems.

Exposure to challenging behaviour and staff psychological well-being: The importance of psychological flexibility and organisational support in special education settings

Background and aimsThe present study examines the levels of psychological distress (anxiety, depression, stress) and burnout and their relationship to challenging behaviour, amongst staff working in a special education setting. It further examines the relationships between psychological distress and burnout and psychological flexibility, role clarity and workplace support. Methods and proceduresThis was a cross-sectional survey of staff (N = 145) self-report data on exposure to challenging behaviour (CB), and contingent emotional reactions as well as psychological distress, burnout, perceived organisational support and psychological flexibility. Outcome and resultsResults revealed high levels of psychological distress and burnout amongst special education staff, which correlated with lower levels of psychological flexibility, negative emotional reactions to CB, role-clarity, perceived organisational support and job satisfaction. Conclusions and implicationsResults suggest that prevalence of psychological distress and burnout amongst staff in ID settings is high. Also that organisational and individual psychological factors have a role in this relationship. Results provide initial support for the need for psychological interventions for staff dealing with CB within a multi-tiered support model. Future research suggestions are provided, and clinical and organisational implications are discussed in terms of increasing staff well-being. What this paper addsThe paper primarily reveals high prevalence of psychological distress and burnout amongst ID staff in relation to their exposure to CB. The study also presents initial evidence that organisational and psychological factors (psychological flexibility) influence the latter relations and provides the basis for further research and exploration. Lastly, it highlights the need of proactive and reactive psychological interventions for staff dealing with CB within a multi-tiered support model and provides initial evidence for the potential employment of contextual behavioural science interventions.

Safety Climate and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Investigation on Safety Perceptions among Farmers in Italy

The diffusion of the COVID-19 pandemic has generated numerous interventions aimed at reducing the contagion by means of specific prevention measures, also characterized by stricter occupational health and safety (OHS) procedures at the workplace. To better understand how this novel working context has impacted on farmers’ safety behavior and attitude, a safety climate assessment was carried out by means of the Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50), which was augmented to include specific items related to the modifications of working conditions due to COVID-19. This allowed us to analyze changes in safety climate perceptions, pointing out worker-manager discrepancies in safety behavior and attitude. Additionally, the COVID-19 questionnaire contributed to analyzing the effects of the specific OHS measures due to the pandemic from the workers’ standpoint. Results showed that concerns related to the COVID-19 pandemic have augmented the attention paid to OHS, demonstrating a correlation between the safety climate dimensions and the OHS measures due to COVID-19. Besides, farmers’ risk-taking behavior and attitude appeared still critical, highlighting the need for more specific and contextual interventions in terms of safety information and training. Overall, this study aims to expand knowledge on shared safety awareness and perceptions in the COVID-19 period.

Confounding influences of malnutrition and Plasmodium falciparum and Schistosoma haematobium infections on haematological parameters in school children in Muyuka, Cameroon

BackgroundSchool-aged children (SAC) are a high-risk demographic group for infectious diseases and malnutrition. The objective of this study was to assess the burden and the effect of Plasmodium falciparum and Schistosoma haematobium infections on the haematological indices in SAC and the confounding influence of malnutrition on the outcomes.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in SAC 4–14 years old living in Ikata, Bafia and Mile 14-Likoko in Muyuka, Cameroon. Anthropometric measures of malnutrition were obtained and blood samples collected were used for detection of malaria parasites by Giemsa-stained blood films using light microscopy and complete blood count analysis using an automated haematology analyser. Urine samples collected were used to detect micro haematuria with the aid of reagent strips and the eggs of S. haematobium by urine filtration technique. Multiple linear regression model was used to examine influence of independent variables on haematological parameters.ResultsOut of the 606 SAC examined, the prevalence of single infections with Plasmodium or S. haematobium and co-infection with both parasites was 16.2, 16.3 and 8.3%, respectively. Overall, malaria parasite (MP), urogenital schistosomiasis, malnutrition, anaemia, haematuria, microcytosis and thrombocytopenia was prevalent in 24.4, 24.6, 25.9, 74.4, 12.2, 45.4 and 11.1% of SAC, respectively. A significant linear decline (P = 0.023) in prevalence of P. falciparum infection with the severity of stunting was observed. Factors that significantly influenced haematological parameters included haemoglobin: age, stunting and MP; haematocrit: age and MP; white blood cell count: age; red blood cell count; age and MP; lymphocyte counts: stunting; mean cell volume: age; mean cell haemoglobin: age and stunting; mean cell haemoglobin concentration: sex, stunting and red cell distribution width-coefficient of variation: sex, age and stunting.ConclusionsMalnutrition, Plasmodium and S. haematobium infections are common while anaemia is a severe public health problem in Muyuka, Cameroon. The interaction between haematological parameters with malaria parasites as well as linear growth index was negative and other interactions indicate systemic inflammation. While findings provide contextual intervention targets to ensure the judicious use of the limited resources, there is need for regular monitoring and proper treatment to improve the health of the underserved population.

Explicit and Contextual Vocabulary Intervention: Effects on Word and Definition Learning.

Two single-case studies examined the effects of a vocabulary intervention on K-second grade Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) children's vocabulary learning. The intervention consisted of (a) explicit instruction that included fast mapping, and drill and practice games and (b) in-context activities that included book reading, conceptual activities, and conversation. Study 1 compared the effectiveness of in-context alone and explicit+in-context instruction for four DHH children. This multiple baseline across content study showed that children learned more words rapidly in the explicit + in-context condition. Study 2 examined the effects of the explicit+in-context intervention on five DHH children's word and definition learning and use of new words in spontaneous communication. A multiple baseline study across participants showed that all children learned the targeted vocabulary, improved expression of definitions, and used target words in spontaneous language. We discuss the value of explicit and in-context instruction on breadth and depth of vocabulary learning.

Climate change vulnerability assessment of urban informal settlers in Nepal, a least developed country

Urban poor with limited resources and residing in precarious informal settlements are often one of the most vulnerable populations to climate variability and change. The present study seeks to assess the vulnerability of informal settlers to climate variability and change. Drawing from natural hazards, politico-economic, and ecological resilience strands of vulnerability literature we developed an integrated set of indicators for vulnerability assessment. The vulnerability of informal settlement dwellers was assessed in the hilly district of Kathmandu and the plain regions of the Nawalpur district of Nepal by collecting primary data from 300 randomly selected households, 150 from each district. Communities living in informal settlements experienced higher exposure to climate risk with lower adaptive capacity. Informal settlements with scarce resources, depilated infrastructure, fewer livelihood opportunities and knowledge gaps pose considerable vulnerability to climate variability and change. Our findings reveal that the inhabitants of informal settlements in the plain region are more vulnerable than that of the informal settlements of the hilly region due to higher exposure and sensitivity and lower adaptive capacities of the informal settlers of the plains. Enabling factors such as livelihood diversification, improved infrastructure, health facilities, social capitals, and support from local government with contextual policies and interventions, can facilitate better adaptation among the informal settlers and make them resilient to climate variability and change.

Mothers and their children\u2019s health (MATCH): a study protocol for a population\u2010based longitudinal cohort

BackgroundThe quality of prenatal care is critical for the prevention of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), only 64 % of women worldwide have access to over four sessions of prenatal care throughout their pregnancy. Thus, studies that address factors affecting maternal and child health status before and after pregnancy are of immense importance. The primary aim of the mothers and their children’s health (MATCH) cohort study is to evaluate the effect of nutrition, sleep quality, and lifestyle on maternal and neonatal outcomes.MethodsA prospective cohort of > 2500 pregnant women in the first trimester (before 12 weeks’ gestation) will be recruited at Arash Women’s Hospital in Tehran, Iran between February 2020 and August 2021. All eligible pregnant women will be followed from their first trimester of pregnancy until delivery at four time points and assessed through a series of in-person visits with interviewer-administered questionnaires and telephone interviews. Detailed data will be collected on maternal demographics, lifestyle, medical history, reproductive history, obstetric history, dietary intake, sleep pattern, blood specimens, and anthropometric measurements, alongside paternal demographics, lifestyle, and family history. The outcomes will include antenatal, peripartum, and postnatal maternal complications and infant growth and neurodevelopment.DiscussionThe results of the MATCH cohort study will support the development of contextual interventions that can enhance antenatal, peripartum, and postnatal status, neonatal outcomes, and longevity mother and child.

Family healing: Contextual interventions in perinatal clinical practice

Abstract BodyIn perinatal clinical practice (PCP), the focus of care has shifted from the mother and then the baby-mother dyad to the emphasis on the role of fathers. Individual and therapeutic interventions are multimodal, and in almost all cases interdisciplinary cooperation is assumed. The preferred therapeutic methods for perinatal mental disorders are psychological and psychotherapeutic interventions. Through the life-course model, the central, therapeutic-conceptual role of the family can be understood, which - in clinical practice - reflects the need for “think-family” in psychiatric care. Hence there is a growing need for evidence-based family-interventions. Parental mental health disorders may have an impact on family functioning and partner relationship, as well as parent-child interactions, the quality of attachment and relationship with the child. Even though we have an increasing number of evidence regarding the aims and effectiveness of family interventions, additional evidence is needed to determine what interventions and modalities are effective in the perinatal period. And we also need information when these interventions are contraindicated and regarding their risk. It is conceivable that there is not much difference between the efficacy of family intervention methods used in other indications and the perinatal application of the same methods. We have gathered evidence primarily on perinatal depression, which opens the path of family interventions in other disorders. When thinking in the family as a general framework, it should be filled with evidence-based quantitative and qualitative anchors. The conceptual framework can be based on systems- and network theory. The presentation is illustrated with clinical vignettes.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Modeling of Communication Strategies for Reducing Public Road Accidents Involving Two-Wheel Motorized Vehicles in Urban Areas: Case of Cotonou and Parakou Cities in Benin

<i>Introduction</i>: Road accidents are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. To reduce their scale, some approaches have been favored, such as communication actions. This work aimed to propose an integrated model for the effective reduction of road accidents among motorized two-wheeled vehicle drivers (2WD) in urban areas in Benin. <i>Method</i>: This is a cross-sectional and analytical study of road users (n=1497) in Cotonou and Parakou. The data was collected on a mobile phone using CSPro software and analyzed in three stages: descriptive analysis, multivariate analysis for the selection of variables significantly affecting the variable to be explained, and the development of the integrated model using the Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network. <i>Results</i>: The study showed that communication actions, advocacy, contextual interventions, belief, certain individual characteristics of users, were significantly associated with the reduction of road accidents. The communication model that emerges from this is akin to "persuasive engaging" communication. <i>Conclusion</i>: This study demonstrated the importance of using an integrated national communication program to strengthen road safety. To do so, they need to promote respect for the Highway Code by emphasizing the sanctity of human life must be combined with relevant accompanying measures.

Technostress in a hostile world: older internet users before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective Older adults are largely ignored in studies of technostress (stress induced by Information and Communication Technology (ICT) use). This study aimed at exploring individual and contextual antecedents to technostress among older ICT users. Methods Online surveys with ICT users aged 60 years and above were conducted in 2016 (N = 537) and during the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 (N = 407), examining technostress level, internet use patterns and sociodemographic background. The 2020 survey also assessed a COVID-19-related Hostile World Scenario (HWS). Results The two samples had very similar background characteristics, but participants in 2020 were more experienced and their internet use was significantly more diverse and intense than that of their predecessors. The factors predicting technostress in both samples were poorer health, fewer years of use, fewer hours of use per typical week and smaller use repertoire. The technostress level in 2020 was significantly higher than that of 2016—a finding explained by the COVID-19-related HWS. Conclusions Individual antecedents hardly vary in the presence of significant contextual antecedents, but HWS may leave users with fewer resources to cope with the negative effects of technology use. Future research should explore additional contextual factors and interventions that may alleviate technostress among seniors.

Physical activity and exercise during pregnancy in Africa: a review of the literature

BackgroundPregnancy is an important phase in a woman’s life, with health status at this stage affecting both the woman and her child’s life. Global evidence suggests that many women engage in low levels of physical activity (PA) and exercise during pregnancy despite its beneficial effects. This is particularly the case in Africa.MethodsThis article reviews the literature on levels of PA and exercise among pregnant women in Africa, highlighting the level of PA or exercise participation during pregnancy in Africa, including types of PA, factors affecting PA, beliefs about and benefits of prenatal activity, advice or counselling on PA during pregnancy in Africa, and PA interventions proposed to promote the uptake of prenatal PA. Electronic search databases used were Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, EMBASE, ERIC, Medline, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, PubMed, BIOMED Central, and African Journal Online. The basic search terms were: ‘Physical activity’, ‘Exercise’, ‘Pregnancy’, ‘Pregnant women’ and ‘Africa’. A total of 40 references were found. On the basis of an analysis of titles, abstracts and the language of publication (other than English), 11 articles were rejected, and 29 articles were fully read, although two had to be rejected due to a lack of access to the full version. Finally, 27 references were included in the review.ResultsFew studies exist on PA during pregnancy in Africa. The limited data available suggests that, compared to the Western world, pregnant women in Africa do not adhere to the recommendations for PA during pregnancy. Levels of participation in PA during pregnancy are low and decline as the pregnancy progresses. The majority of the studies used direct, objective measures to assess PA during pregnancy. Personal and environmental factors such as lack of time, lack of knowledge, inadequate information from healthcare providers, feelings of tiredness and an absence of social support constituted the main barriers to PA during pregnancy. The types of PA participation among pregnant women varied across studies and geographical settings.ConclusionsWhile published data is limited, it seems clear that the participation of pregnant women in PA during pregnancy in Africa is low and declines with advancing pregnancy. There is a need for more studies to examine the dynamics of PA during pregnancy in Africa to guide contextual interventions to improve and promote maternal health on the continent.

Development and Feasibility Testing of a Contextual Patient Movement Intervention

IntroductionNurses and emergency medical services workers frequently suffer musculoskeletal injuries at a disproportionate rate in relation to the rest of the population. The most common form of this musculoskeletal injury is lumbar spine injury. The purpose of this study was to develop and conduct phase 1 feasibility testing of a contextual lifting intervention that reduces the risks of low back injury. MethodsThis study was an intervention development and phase 1 feasibility test. The intervention was created on the basis of weightlifting techniques to specifically reduce the incidence injury related to valgus knee, asymmetrical lifting technique, and rotation of the trunk and pelvis. Motion capture technology (Xsens; Xsens Technologies) was used while 17 nursing students completed the direct patient lift from the floor, the lift from the floor with a manikin attached to a rigid spine board, the push portion of the horizontal transfer, and the pull portion of the horizontal transfer. Pre- and postintervention data were collected. Linear mixed model regression, with pairwise comparisons, was conducted for each lift at the time points of preintervention, immediately after the intervention, and 1-month postintervention. ResultsSignificant changes were noted between the initial lifting techniques used and those used after the intervention. The maximum lever arm distance, defined as the distance from L5-S1 to the center of the force applied to the load, showed a significant reduction after the intervention in 3 of the 4 movements. DiscussionOur results support the idea that injury risk can be reduced through appropriate contextual training methods.

Narrative changes about “voices” following a contextual group therapy for people with psychosis

ABSTRACT Background To determine the impact of a contextual group CBT intervention for voices on the narratives of people with psychosis Method Narratives from 10 participants with psychosis and hearing auditory hallucinations, who participated in a group intervention for voices, were collected and analysed, before and after the intervention. Results Four main themes emerged from the phenomenological analysis of the participant’s narratives regarding their voices: ‘representation of voices’, ‘explanations given to hearing voices’, ‘unfolding and appearance of voices, and ’reactions and emotional management of voices’. It was possible to isolate sub-categories within the four main (or superordinate) themes that evolved following the intervention, reflecting the psychological and behavioural processes at work involved in response to the voices. The identification of these processes made it possible to understand how a contextual group CBT intervention for voice management could concretely help those who receive it. Conclusion A contextual group intervention for the management of auditory hallucinations in people with psychosis seems to improve the ability to describe, accept, and manage voices, as well as to encourage participants to relate differently, in a more peaceful way, with them.

The Impact of the Contextual Fit Enhancement Protocol on Behavior Support Plan Fidelity and Student Behavior

The contextual fit of a behavior support plan refers to the extent that the procedures of the plan are consistent with the knowledge, values, skills, resources, and administrative support of those who are expected to implement the plan. This study used a concurrent multiple baseline design across four participants to assess the presence of a functional relation between introduction of the Contextual Fit Enhancement Protocol, an intervention designed to improve contextual fit, and (a) an increase in fidelity of support plan implementation and (b) improved student behavior. Results indicate that following implementation of the Contextual Fit Enhancement Protocol, support plan implementation fidelity increased and student problem behavior decreased. In addition, teachers participating in the study rated the contextual fit intervention process as effective and efficient. Limitations and implications for future research, practice, and training are discussed.

El juguete inclusivo en una escuela infantil de Barcelona

La inclusión es un tema que debe ser conocido y reflejado desde la infancia. La investigación se llevó a cabo en dos clases de niños con 5 y 6 años de una escuela de Barcelona. El objetivo fue desarrollar actividades junto a los niños y las niñas, basadas en la relación de educación integradora a través del juguete de paño y en los procesos de intervención relacional, contextual del niño en el ambiente escolar y familiar. La metodología usada en el estudio es de naturaleza cualitativa, considerando las relaciones sociales y el discurso infantil. Los niños y las niñas de las dos clases de la escuela pública en Barcelona, desarrollaran una relación y generaron afecto por los/as muñecos/as en un proceso en el que la diferencia se volvió a significar, es decir, la diferencia no descalificó sino que, por el contrario, proporcionó una identidad al juguete durante la relación de los niños con él. Aunque hubo una sorpresa cuando los niños tomaron su ninot, porque era un juguete diferente, durante la investigación, todos los niños tuvieron una relación positiva y incluso afectuosa con los ninots. También se debe tenerse en cuenta la participación de los maestros de las dos clases que participaron en la investigación, hablando con los niños sobre las diferencias y corrigiendo las historias producidas en Catalán. La investigación demostró que los niños y las niñas pueden relacionarse y crear afecto por un juguete inclusivo.

Adapting a Complex, Integrated Health and Social Services Intervention in Two Communities

Research ObjectivePoor population health is not randomly distributed but follows a social gradient with adversity clustering in specific communities. Under the Alliance for Determinants of Health program, Intermountain Healthcare is leading a three‐year demonstration project designed to improve population health outcomes through integrating health care and social services. Recent federal policy efforts are testing interventions to address health inequities, yet little is known about how to effectively adapt these complex, highly contextual interventions to local settings.Study DesignA mixed methods analysis was used to adapt and deploy an integrated health and social services solution in two diverse communities using an intervention mapping approach. Specific steps taken to effectively adapt the intervention included the following: a needs assessment using local health needs and actuarial claims data, ethnographic field results, and key informant interviews; definition of change and performance objectives; theory and methods selection; program plan and production; and implementation and evaluation planning.Population StudiedKey national, state, and local government and community leaders, health departments, social service providers, health care providers, police/justice departments, education systems, advocacy organizations, and community members in two regionally and ethnically diverse communities in Utah.Principal FindingsThe needs assessment identified meaningful variation in local needs and available infrastructure across zip‐code‐based areas that guided selection of two communities. Program change objectives were defined, including improved local health and social services integration across sectors involving more than 50 service partners. Given the need for strong local program engagement, a multi‐ecological approach using theory‐informed methods was selected to guide local intervention development. An adapted Accountable Health Communities Model was developed including local community‐led steering committees to provide strategic oversight to local needs. Intermountain provided $6 million in funding to each community distributed by local community‐led finance committees to address local social service gaps. Weekly program huddles with Alliance partners are used to report results and to continuously improve and resolve local barriers. An external team was hired to conduct the evaluation. During the first year, 1321 eligible members underwent initial screening at an Alliance provider location; 139 members were navigated to one or more service partners demonstrating local integration feasibility. The most frequent navigation requests were for transportation (16%), dental care (15%), food (15%), clothing (9%), rent (9%), and mental health care (8%).ConclusionsLocal communities vary considerably in social service needs, capacity, and existing health care infrastructure. Intervention mapping provides a robust methodology for adapting complex integrated health and social services interventions that are responsive to the needs of diverse communities.Implications for Policy or PracticeImplementing programs that integrate health and social services is complex and multifaceted and should be designed with the local implementation in mind. Rigorous implementation science methods may reduce the risk of implementation failure and strengthen the potential generalizability of results.

Analytic framework for interdisciplinary collaboration in inclusive education

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop an analytic framework for studying interdisciplinary learning in collaboration between schools and child support services. The analytic framework connects the concept of boundary crossing with the social–psychological processes of trust and identity formation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is written from a theoretical point of view. Empirical research data from two schools are used to illustrate the use and merit of the proposed framework.FindingsThe framework proved to be useful for identifying the level of co-work in the two schools. In addition, the framework helped to shed light on how the support for trust and identity formation by the school management aids interdisciplinary learning.Research limitations/implicationsThe most essential feature of the suggested framework is its use of complex theoretical concepts. Examining each concept in detail would ignore the interconnected nature of concepts in the framework, as well as the fact that it is not yet known how this interconnectedness works. Therefore, the framework is based on a generalised use of the concepts.Practical implicationsThe contribution of the framework for practice lies in its potential to shed light on how processes in interdisciplinary collaboration can be shaped. The framework can be used to inform contextual interventions that seek to optimize collaborative structures.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to understanding the complex processes that constitute interdisciplinary learning in collaboration.

A Contextual Intervention Adapted for Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Pilot Study With Single-Subject Design

A Contextual Intervention Adapted for Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Pilot Study With Single-Subject Design

Interventions Within the Scope of Occupational Therapy Practice to Improve Activities of Daily Living, Rest, and Sleep for Children Ages 0-5 Years and Their Families: A Systematic Review.

Research studies supporting occupational therapy interventions to address feeding, toileting, and sleep can be applied to practice in early intervention and preschool settings to improve the outcomes of young children and their families. To examine the effectiveness of interventions within the scope of occupational therapy practice to improve activities of daily living, rest, and sleep for children ages 0-5 yr and their families. Five databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, OTseeker, ERIC) and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness were searched for studies published between January 2000 and March 2017. Inclusion criteria were Levels I-III evidence, being within occupational therapy's scope of practice, including participants with a mean age younger than 6 yr, and addressing self-care, activities of daily living, and rest and sleep. Forty articles were appraised, and three themes emerged: interventions to address feeding and eating, interventions to address toileting, and interventions to address rest and sleep. Additional subthemes of behavioral approaches, parent and caregiver education, and contextual intervention were revealed. Occupational therapy practitioners should consider the use of interventions with moderate or strong evidence as described in this review. Limitations include risk of bias and limited evidence for several interventions. This article provides a broader perspective on evidence-based practice by examining studies within the scope of occupational therapy practice published outside of current occupational therapy publications. The review includes studies from nutrition, nursing, and psychology, which address interdisciplinary care, family coaching and education, and behavioral approaches within the professional scope of occupational therapy to improve the functional performance, routines, and quality of life for young children and their caregivers.

Supporting Migrants through Joint, Goal-directed Projects: A Contextual Action Theory Intervention

Cet article fournit la description d’une intervention de soutien psychologique qui peut être utile aux personnes migrantes. L’intervention s’appuie sur la théorie de l’action contextuelle et repose sur l’identification et le soutien de projets communs, orientés vers des objectifs, auxquels les migrants participent avec d’autres personnes.Les défis sociaux, professionnels et éducatifs auxquels sont confrontés les migrants peuvent être regroupés dans la tâche plus large de l’intégration sociale ou de l’inclusion sociale. Ces concepts font référence au processus qui consiste à déterminer comment et dans quelle mesure les gens participent à la société. L’objectif de l’inclusion sociale est d’avoir accès aux opportunités et aux ressources de la société et d’y participer. Plus précisément, l’approche présentée dans cet article est basée sur une compréhension de l’inclusion sociale en tant qu’action orientée vers un but. L’inclusion sociale est présentée comme un comportement orienté vers un objectif qui se produit entre le migrant et d’autres personnes concernées, par exemple, des partenaires, des amis ou des conseillers. Nous utilisons des actions orientées vers des objectifs pour comprendre les processus d’inclusion sociale dans lesquels les migrants s’engagent dans leurs différents contextes et groupes sociaux. L’intervention proposée a pour but d’aider les migrants à identifier et à s’engager dans des projets axés sur des objectifs pertinents pour des activités éducatives, professionnelles et autres. Nous supposons que la plupart des comportements humains sont axés sur des objectifs et peuvent être soutenus et améliorés dans cette perspective. De plus, de nombreuses actions importantes se déroulent entre personnes dans un temps contigu et peuvent donc être identifiées comme des « actions communes », par exemple, un couple décidant quel film voir ensemble. Lorsqu’une série d’actions partagent des objectifs communs et sont liées dans le temps, elles peuvent être considérées comme un « projet », par exemple, trouver du travail dans un nouveau pays peut être un projet qui implique de nombreuses actions connexes avec d’autres. L’intervention de soutien proposée met l’accent, sans toutefois s’y limiter, sur les actions et les projets communs que les migrants entreprennent avec d’autres personnes importantes, comme les membres de leur famille, les enseignants, les amis ou les travailleurs du soutien des immigrants, concernant leur formation, leur profession ou d’autres objectifs pertinents de leur intégration sociale. Les cinq étapes de l’intervention impliquent (1) une conversation conjointe, (2) l’identification du projet conjoint par le biais d’une rétroaction narrative, (3) des suggestions de façons à faciliter le projet, (4) un suivi téléphonique du projet par le conseiller pendant une période convenue, et (5) une dernière conversation conjointe intégrative entre participants. Le processus est illustré par des exemples tirés de la recherche sur l’utilisation de l’intervention auprès des jeunes immigrants adultes au Canada.