Context Of Spatial Planning Research Articles

The Netherlands Spatial Planning Doctrine in Disarray in the 21st Century

The concept of a planning doctrine can be used to analyse spatial planning systems, making reference to the ways in which their performance is influenced by patterns of thought. In the Netherlands the performance of the planning system has been attributed to a strong national consensus on a set of interrelated and enduring notions on spatial configurations and development strategies and how they should be handled: in plain terms, a ‘spatial planning doctrine’. The spatial planning context has changed so much in the past fifteen years that many critics are questioning whether Dutch spatial planning can continue to live up to its internationally acclaimed reputation. We analyse the workings of the planning doctrine and conclude that it is still having an effect on planning practice. However, if it does not evolve more dynamically, it might be wrenched out of joint by the constantly changing planning context. We furthermore reflect on the potential role of a planning doctrine in the analysis of planning systems.

Modeling benefits from nature: using ecosystem services to inform coastal and marine spatial planning

People around the world are looking to marine ecosystems to provide additional benefits to society. As they consider expanding current uses and investing in new ones, new management approaches are needed that will sustain the delivery of the diverse benefits that people want and need. An ecosystem services framework provides metrics for assessing the quantity, quality, and value of benefits obtained from different portfolios of uses. Such a framework has been developed for assessments on land, and is now being developed for application to marine ecosystems. Here, we present marine Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST), a new tool to assess (i.e., map, model, and value) multiple services provided by marine ecosystems. It allows one to estimate changes in a suite of services under different management scenarios and to investigate trade-offs among the scenarios, including implications of drivers like climate. We describe key inputs and outputs of each of the component ecosystem service models and present results from an application to the West Coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The results demonstrate how marine InVEST can be used to help shape the dialogue and inform decision making in a marine spatial planning context.

Planning Support Systems in a Multi-Dualistic Spatial Planning Context

While rapid advances in hardware, software, the Internet, and data availability have facilitated the construction of planning support systems (PSS), the actual increase in use of PSS cannot be ensured without its close alignment with the specific planning process and context (Geertman and Stillwell, 2003). This paper argues that a significant success factor in the design of a quality PSS, particularly Spatial PSS, is the ability to respond to and accommodate a range of context specific dualisms. The term “dualism” is used pervasively in describing and explaining current worldwide spatial planning contexts but ranges in meaning to include economic dualism between growing and lagging regions, demographic dualisms between areas of population loss and gain, nature and society dualisms, labor market dualisms, and urban and rural dualisms. In South Africa, the spatial planning context is dominated by socioeconomic bifurcations, characterized by dualisms such as the co-existence of a globally integrated “first economy” and a marginalized “second economy.” In addition, dualisms relating to differential levels of access to information technology, user skills, and capacity levels also influence the access to and use of PSS. The Toolkit for Integrated Planning (TIP) has been developed to provide enhanced information and evidence in Integrated Development Plans. A demonstrator TIP was developed in the first iteration of the full TIP PSS development process. This paper describes the application of a revised conceptual model for achieving a quality PSS and the design of the demonstrator TIP within the current South African policy and socioeconomic planning context. In the application process, further lessons for enhancing PSS quality have emerged, which, in turn, can be employed to enhance the quality of future PSS.

Marine biological valuation mapping of the Basque continental shelf (Bay of Biscay), within the context of marine spatial planning

Marine Biological Valuation (BV) has increased in importance in recent years, due to the need to establish accurate maps of biodiversity value. However, there have been few exercises undertaken in Southern Europe, in putting a value on marine biodiversity whilst at the same time looking at several biological components. This paper presents the complete Biological Valuation Map (BVM) of the Basque continental shelf and estuaries, using the methodology developed for the Belgian Continental Shelf. It includes all available biological data (zooplankton, macroalgae, macrobenthos, demersal fish, seabirds and cetaceans), from 2003 to 2010. BVMs aim to compile all available biological and ecological information for a selected study area, allocating an integrated intrinsic biological value to the subzones within the study area. Here, the results highlight specific areas (such as Jaizkibel or Cap Breton Canyon), as having high or very high integrated BV, using all of the components. Furthermore, some biodiversity ‘hotspots’ have been identified, according to a specific ecosystem component (e.g. mid-parts of the Oka estuary, for macroalgae, and the Cap Breton Canyon, for cetaceans). Comparison with the results obtained from other European countries, and with previously high-importance delimited zones within the study area, showed similar spatial trends and patterns. Therefore, the objectives of this contribution are: (i) to analyse and establish a spatial ecological value map of the continental shelf of the Basque Country (southern Bay of Biscay), using present BV methods; (ii) to compare the results obtained to other European countries, and (iii) to explore the application of these results to the Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) and the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requirements. This map can serve as a baseline for future MSP and can also be used for the determination of the environmental status, within the MSFD, for the qualitative descriptor 1 (biodiversity).

Development and Evaluation of Laws and Regulation for the Low-Carbon and Green Growth in Korea

The mitigation and adaption to Climate Change is considered as one of the most crucial and urgent issues for a sustainable future. Even though there have been a series of international efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change, Korea has not considered climate change as a crucial paradigm for its future development. Recently, the Korean National Assembly passed the Framework Act on Low, Carbon Green Growth (FALCGG) in order to guide national strategies for green growth. Thus, this study mainly focuses on the development of the legal foundation of low-carbon green growth in Korea based on the recently enacted FALCGG. By analyzing the act and reviewing the international and domestic trends on green growth, this study provides 1) the understanding of the act, 2) the reasoning for enactment of the act, and 3) the relationships between the act and other related acts and regulations. And lastly, this study provides possible policy implications for the development of legal and regulatory systems for reducing GHGs and achieving green growth while considering spatial planning context.

Regionalni, prostorski in okoljski kazalci za vrednotenje regionalnega razvoja, strukture in potencialov

Članek prikazuje teoretične, metodološke in praktične vidike uporabe regionalnih, prostorskih in okoljskih podatkov, kazalcev in meril za ocenjevanje regionalnega razvoja, regionale strukture in regionalnih potencialov v regionalnem in prostorskem planiranju. Predstavljeni sistem kazalcev je nastal na podlagi Interregovega projekta CONSPACE.

Multivariate geostatistics for the predictive modelling of the surficial sand distribution in shelf seas

Multivariate geostatistics have been used to obtain a detailed and high-quality map of the median grain-size distribution of the sand fraction at the Belgian Continental Shelf. Sandbanks and swales are the dominant geomorphological features and impose a high-spatial seafloor variability. Interpolation over complex seafloors is difficult and as such various models were investigated. In this paper, linear regression and ordinary kriging (OK) were used and compared with kriging with an external drift (KED) that makes use of secondary information to assist in the interpolation. KED proved to be the best technique since a linear correlation was found between the median grain-size and the bathymetry. The resulting map is more realistic and separates clearly the sediment distribution over the sandbanks from the swales. Both techniques were also compared with a simple linear regression of the median grain-size against the bathymetry. An independent validation showed that the linear regression yielded the largest average prediction error (almost twice as large as with KED). Unlike most static sedimentological maps, our approach allows for defining grain-size classes that can be adapted according to the needs of various applications. These relate mainly to the mapping of soft substrata habitats and of the most suitable aggregates for extraction. This information is highly valuable in a marine spatial planning context.

Otimização de leiaute usando busca tabu

A busca por leiautes de facilidades de alta qualidade pode ser vista como um problema de otimização combinatória que surge numa grande variedade de contextos de planejamento espacial. Examina-se aqui o problema de otimização de leiaute de facilidades numa área que pode incluir espaços ocupados. O espaço do leiaute e as áreas das facilidades são retangulares e limitados por razões de aspecto. Considerando a complexidade do problema, propõe-se uma heurística de busca tabu para sua solução. Primeiro um leiaute inicial é produzido, usando um procedimento de aglomeração ou aleatoriamente. Considerando n facilidades, a representação é dada por meio de uma árvore binária com um espaço de soluções n!. A busca tabu é então aplicada, usando os leiautes iniciais (aglomeração e aleatoriamente). Resultados com alta qualidade são obtidos para problemas da literatura.

Spatial Planning and Remote Teamwork

The following contribution describes work in progress within the context of the focal field of research and development remote teamwork (RT) of Vienna University of Technology (Dept. of Local Planning - IFOR), which is carried out in cooperation with the Institute for Spatial Interaction and Simulation (IRIS-ISIS), Vienna, exchanging experience with the Research Institute for Symbolic Computation (RISC Linz-Hagenberg). Research work is aimed at the elaboration of suitable collaborative remote working structures for research and project transactions, including study projects, within the context of spatial planning on the basis of ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode: a technology of broad band telecommunications). The generation and manipulation of digital spatial models and their virtual transportation within large spatial distances represent main objectives. The current subjects in urban and regional planning and in architecture act as test projects to be defined in the course of the research project in their contents and spatial context and to be represented as digital spatial working models.

Allotment gardens in the Lublin downtown in the spatial and urban planning context – origins and issues concerning their preservation

Allotment gardens situated in city centers are particularly at risk of the development of buildings serving commercial (service-related or residential) purposes. The present article presents allotment gardens in the downtown of Lublin from the historical, architectural and landscape context. The analysis of urban planning determinants was undertaken for the functioning of gardens from the moment of their establishment until the present day at the example of the oldest of them – “Nasza Zdobycz nad Bystrzycą”. The article also constitutes an attempt to explain the increasing alienation of the owners of allotment gardens, progressing devastation of the area of allotment gardens as well as to present a suggestion for design application inscribing in the scope of revitalization of this area.