Context Of Partnership Research Articles

Syphilis Positivity Among Men Who Have Sex With Men With Direct, Indirect, and No Linkage to Female Sex Partners: Exploring the Potential for Sex Network Bridging in Baltimore City, MD.

Syphilis epidemics among women and men who have sex with men (MSM) may be connected, but these connections are poorly understood. Using egocentric network data from a US urban MSM cohort, we examined sociodemographics, behaviors, and syphilis positivity among MSM with (1) direct (MSM who report sex with women, MSMW); (2) indirect (MSM who only report male partners, some of whom are MSMW, MSMO/W); and (3) no (MSM who only report male partners and whose partners only have sex with men, MSMO/O) connection to women. Sexually active MSM aged 18 to 45 years were administered behavioral and network interviews (recall period: 3 months) and syphilis/HIV testing. Syphilis positivity was defined as rapid plasma reagin titer ≥1:8. Modified Poisson regression was used to test for differences across groups. Among 385 MSM, 14.5% were MSMW and 22.3% were MSMO/W. MSMW and MSMO/W were significantly more likely than MSMO/O to report sex behaviors associated with increased syphilis acquisition/transmission risk, including ≥2 sex partners (MSMW: adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.28 [0.98-1.68]; MSMO/W: aPR, 1.35 [1.09-1.69]) and concurrent sex partners (MSMW: aPR, 1.50 [1.17-1.92]; MSMO/W: aPR, 1.39 [1.11-1.74]), and for MSMW only, transactional sex (aPR, 2.07 [1.11-3.88]). Syphilis positivity was 16.4% and was lower among MSMW (9.4%) and MSMO/W (14.1%) than MSMO/O (18.5%), but differences were not significant. There may be considerable connectivity between MSM and female sex partners that could facilitate syphilis transmission, and behaviors that increase acquisition/transmission risk among MSMW and MSMO/W may be distinct from MSMO/O. Future work should focus on examining the context and temporal patterns of sex partnerships among MSMW and MSMO/W.

Examining Ja'farī Jurisprudence: The Incorporation of the Leonine Clause in Partnership and Company Contracts

The Leonine clause, a topic relatively underexplored, holds substantial importance within the context of partnership and company contracts. This research aims to analyze this clause through the lens of Ja'farī jurisprudence, shedding light on the diverse perspectives presented by Shia jurists. To achieve this goal, a series of preliminary discussions were initiated. Initially, the discourse delved into defining the Leonine clause and its legal status across various jurisdictions. Subsequently, we explored the concept of contractual partnerships, the requirements of partnership contracts, and the classification of conditions in Islamic law, distinguishing between valid, invalid, and nullifying conditions. Our primary focus revolved around the Leonine clause within partnership contracts as interpreted through Ja'farī jurisprudence. We elucidated the contrasting viewpoints expressed by Shia jurists regarding this specific condition. Furthermore, we analyzed the placement of the Leonine clause in contemporary company contracts, considering its validity and consequential impact on such agreements. Ultimately, drawing from the perspectives of both early and contemporary Shia jurists, we argued for the invalidity of the Leonine clause and its nullifying effect on company contracts.

Partnership Disparity and Audit Quality

This study explores the effects of partnership disparity within Chinese audit firms on audit quality using novel data on their partnership arrangements. The results indicate a U-shaped relationship between the partnership disparity extent and the violations assessed by regulators, including financial misstatements of clients. Audit firms with mid-level unequal partnership structures achieve superior audit quality than their counterparts with either “flat” or “high-skewed” partnership structures. Additional analyses confirm the role of client complexity as the boundary condition and indicate that the geographical remoteness of audit firms asymmetrically moderates partnership disparity. These results are robust to different audit quality proxies and alternative research designs including change analyses and after controlling for the effects of engagement partners. This study contributes to research on diversity and performance in the partnership context. This approach opens the “black box” of power-related culture in audit firms and carries managerial implications for the managing partners and audit regulators of audit firms.

Assessment of Stakeholders’ Engagement and Participation in Mass Housing Development

This paper examines stakeholder engagement and participation in mass housing development projects within Abuja's Public-Private Partnership (PPP) initiatives. Through case studies of prominent projects like Sunnyvale Estate, Garki II District Development, and the Life Camp Extension Project, it aims to explore the multifaceted roles of government agencies, private entities, local communities, residents, and the limited involvement of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and advocacy groups. Drawing from extensive literature, the study delves into the theoretical underpinnings of stakeholder engagement within the context of Public-Private Partnerships and housing development, emphasizing the importance of transparency, accountability, and social acceptance. Methodologically, the study adopts a qualitative approach, employing case studies and literature review to analyze the extent of stakeholder involvement in Abuja's mass housing projects, with a focus on government agencies, private developers, local communities, residents, and NGOs. Results and discussion underscore the significant roles played by government agencies and private developers in driving housing development projects, while also acknowledging the active participation of local communities and residents. However, the limited involvement of NGOs and advocacy groups poses challenges to achieving inclusive and sustainable housing solutions in Abuja. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the importance of enhancing stakeholder engagement and participation to address Abuja's housing challenges effectively, advocating for transparency, accountability, and inclusivity in future PPP housing projects. Recommendations include prioritizing community involvement in decision-making processes, adopting socially responsible practices by private developers, and strengthening the role of NGOs and advocacy groups in advocating for housing rights and social equity.

Sustaining induction teachers through partnerships: action research as a catalyst for change within complex contexts

Purpose The purpose of this action research study was to design, implement and evaluate interventions that enhanced the induction program for new teachers in a P-12 school district. At the outset, we hoped the study would provide new teacher support resulting in improved teaching practices, increased job satisfaction and/or increased teacher retention among the target population. With this in mind, our research question was: What structures and supports from a school-university partnership facilitate capacity-building among university teacher education faculty, school and district leaders, mentor teachers, and new teachers in the context of an induction program?Design/methodology/approach This study used an intervention-centered mode of action research methodology that aims to make systems-level change. This type of action research intends to solve real organizational problems with a focus on conducting “research in action” rather than “research about action” (Coghlan and Brannick, 2014, pp. 5–6). This approach necessitates that data collection and analysis are iterative processes, occurring throughout the research process, instead of solely at the end stages of the research process. Our action research process used Coghlan and Brannick’s (2014) action research cycle model. The cyclical four-step process includes constructing (verifying the problem in the local context), planning action, taking action and evaluating action. Facilitated by the interim director of a Professional development schools (PDS) partnership in the Southeastern United States, a team of co-researchers which included three university teacher education faculty and four school district administrators used action research methodology to create systemic change that enhanced the district’s induction program. We collected data through multiple qualitative methods, including surveys, focus groups, observations and interviews during the course of three action research cycles. These data and our theoretical framework (complex adaptive systems theory and social network theory) informed two major interventions that supported new teachers during the challenging first year of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.Findings The interventions and the research process were mutually beneficial for both institutions and contributed to professional learning and growth at the individual, group and system levels. The three major findings described include: (1) engaging in collaborative action research is mutually beneficial for both schools and universities; (2) induction programs benefit from university resources; (3) learning communities build all educators’ professional capacity.Research limitations/implications Our research recommendations are: (1) more research is needed on the benefits of school-university partnerships to induction programs; (2) school-university partnerships should leverage action research to improve systems; (3) within school-university partnerships, the connection between collaborative leadership and sustainability requires further research. One limitation was that this study was conducted in a single school-university partnership context involving a large public university and a mid-sized public school district that had a well-established partnership. More induction-centered research is needed in different types of school-university partnership contexts that have varying levels of longevity and partnership structures.Practical implications Our recommendations for practice include (1) school-university partnerships should leverage collaborative learning communities to catalyze individual, group and systems-level learning and change, and (2) school-university partnerships must prioritize induction support to strengthen the teaching profession.Originality/value Since Hunt’s (2014) literature review on induction support in PDS partnerships, very few empirical studies have been conducted in this research area. This study, which examined induction support in a PDS partnership over a two-year period, makes a significant contribution to the scholarly literature on induction teacher support in school-university partnership contexts. Facilitated by the interim director of a PDS partnership, a team of co-researchers, which included three university teacher education faculty and four school district administrators, used action research methodology to create systems-level supports that enhanced the district’s induction program.

Georgia-EU Cooperation in the Field of Culture in Multilateral and Bilateral International Format

In the realm of international relations, the significance of culture and soft power is steadily growing, particularly in the establishment of diplomatic ties and the fostering of cooperation among nations. As Georgia progresses in its integration into the European Union—a political and economic endeavor given the union's nature—its motto of "unity in diversity" exemplifies the European commitment to peace, citizen well-being, and the celebration of cultural diversity. The European Union stands as a prominent example of effective soft power utilization in international relations, with culture representing one of its most intricate integration domains. In the context of Georgia's deepening ties with the EU, a thorough examination of European and developed countries' cultural pathways and experiences becomes imperative. This analysis is essential for Georgia to chart a coherent, unified, and effective cultural policy, both domestically and on the global stage. Following the European Commission's recommendation on November 8, 2023, Georgia was granted the EU candidate status by the European Council on December 14, officially becoming part of the EU's enlargement policy. Consequently, it becomes even more pertinent for Georgia to scrutinize and understand the EU's cultural policy, a cornerstone of its foreign relations strategy. The influence of cultural policy on the EU-Eastern Partnership relations emerges as the significant force shaping their development. Cultural cooperation serves as a linchpin, fostering mutual understanding, identity preservation, and the cultivation of shared values. The analysis of progress and challenges within Georgia-EU cooperation, both bilaterally and multilaterally, offers insight into how cultural relations are cultivated within the Eastern Partnership framework. The EU cultural policy, operationalized through various mechanisms like association agreements and support packages, prioritizes democracy, human rights, and cultural cooperation, adapting to the unique circumstances of each partner country. Examining the EU's cultural policy within the Eastern Partnership context underscores culture's pivotal role in diplomacy, cooperation, and economic development. Establishing an effective vision centered on cultural cooperation is crucial for Georgia's engagement with the EU, positioning it as a cornerstone of the partnership's success. Keywords: EU cultural policy, soft power, European integration, European perspective.

On the Timing of Marriage and Childbearing: Family Formation Pathways Among Immigrants in Switzerland.

This paper examines childbearing in and outside of marriage as a manifestation of the Second Demographic Transition among immigrant populations in Switzerland. Based on full-population register data, we simultaneously analyse fertility and partnership changes at different stages of the migration process. Results from a multistate event history model show that most of the differences in family formation patterns between migrant groups and natives are in the sequencing of marriage and first birth among childless unmarried women. Out of wedlock family trajectories prove to be a common experience for European migrants, but a sustainable family pathway only among natives, as well as among immigrants from France, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Among married women, it is the risk of a third birth that marks the differences between groups; first and second birth rates are relatively similar across migrant groups. Distinguishing between the transition patterns of newly arrived immigrants and settled immigrants (characterised by various residence durations) support the disruption hypothesis among EU migrants and the interrelated life events hypothesis among non-EU groups. Family size and the partnership context of fertility highlight which family regime prevails in different population subgroups and the role that immigrants play in the Second Demographic Transition and family transformation in Europe.

Exploring EU Culture Policy towards Eastern Partnership Countries

This article delves into the intricate interplay of culture, soft power, and international relations, with a particular focus on the European Union's (EU) cultural diplomacy efforts within Eastern Partnership countries. It illuminates how culture serves as a potent force in shaping societal development and influencing international perceptions and relationships, drawing on Joseph Nye's conceptualization of soft power. Through a comprehensive historical analysis and examination of case studies, the research unveils the nuanced role of cultural diplomacy within the broader framework of soft power and public diplomacy. Specifically, it scrutinizes the EU's cultural diplomacy initiatives in Eastern Partnership countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine - highlighting their significance in diplomatic relations and regional cooperation, particularly within the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) and Eastern Partnership context. The study advocates for strategic enhancements in funding mechanisms, support for local institutions, and alignment with EU values to bolster the effectiveness of cultural diplomacy initiatives. Ultimately, it emphasizes the importance of an adaptive and inclusive approach to cultural policy, underscoring the need for continuous collaboration to foster resilient and mutually beneficial EU-Eastern Partnership relationships.

Uncertainty and flexibility of fertility intentions

Large-scale survey data is widely used to study the intention to have a(nother) child. However, there are further opportunities to understand how these intentions are revised over the life course and the uncertainty surrounding them. We aim to further outline the importance of simultaneously considering change and uncertainty in fertility decision-making. Specifically, we identify uncertainty in the “probably not” and “probably yes” responses to questions on whether an individual intends to have a(nother) child, and compare the differences in individuals’ stated intention between survey waves. Using panel data from the Generations and Gender Survey (GGS) for Austria, France, Hungary, Italy, and Poland, we study short-term followed by long-term (overall) fertility intentions. First, descriptive analyses compare and visualise the prevalence of uncertainty intentions at first and second wave using Sankey diagrams. Next, multivariate analyses on transitions in intentions focus on partnership and employment context. The results reveal that for both short-term and overall intentions, four in ten respondents are uncertain about intending a (further) child. Further, one in two report a different intention between waves, with changes mainly occurring from one “probably” response to another (e.g., “probably not” to “probably yes”) or through a shift in increasing or lessening certainty (e.g., “probably yes” to “definitely yes”). The childless exhibit by far the greatest uncertainty and revision. Multivariate analyses show that partnership and employment are associated with gradual transitions and larger changes in intentions. Our results also show that fertility intentions form to a large extent along a spectrum of certainty—from “definitely not,” to “probably not,” to “probably yes,” to “definitely yes,” and finally to the birth of a child.

National capacity strengthening within the context of an international vector control partnership: findings from a qualitative study conducted within the Ugandan ‘Tiny Targets’ programme

IntroductionThe Ugandan Tiny Target programme is an example of an international vector control partnership that held specific capacity strengthening objectives in support of a disease elimination goal. Drawing on this...

Whakamana

Socio-culturally restorative and ecologically regenerative futures for Aotearoa will be coproduced only in the context of mana-enhancing, Te Tiriti-led partnerships that embrace uncertainty and ‘possibilism’. What are the implications of this for spatial design pedagogy? In this text-based research essay, we explore how Te Tiriti-led pedagogy might be integrated in a meaningful and fundamental way in undergraduate spatial design studios, including projects in which students self-select topics as part of developing their own design identities. These types of projects do not lend themselves to external partnerships, being too broad in scope, not initiated by the partners, and unable to adequately ensure tangible mutual benefits, particularly within institutional timeframes. Te Tiriti-led futures, however, will require a diversity of practices, not all of which can be conducted within the context of direct cocreative partnerships. This presents a particular pedagogical challenge: whether mana-enhancing partnership and ethical engagement with Indigenous knowledges is possible in undergraduate studio projects where the ‘partnerships’ are only hypothetical. We analyse a third-year studio in which we introduced an expanded model of partnership, combining identity-driven studentcentred pedagogy with Te Tiriti-led design for restorative and regenerative futures. This model rejects certainty/uncertainty binaries and reframes uncertainty as a fundamental condition of ethical engagement across cultural difference. We turn instead to Māori concepts of mana and manaakitanga, exploring ways to empower agency and overcome paralysis, and draft a relationally responsible framework for engagement with Indigenous knowledges. This employs a weaving metaphor that both protects the identity and autonomy of each knowledge source and enhances its mana as part of the woven fabric. Offering this up as a case study of situated, ethical design pedagogy, we critically reflect on the effectiveness of these strategies, and find our own opportunities for transformational learning in the student work. We reject the toxic certainties of the dominant, degenerative paradigm, envisaging a joyfully uncertain pluriversal future in which ecologically regenerative and socio-culturally restorative processes facilitate human and environmental flourishing.

THE ROLE OF CONTEXTUAL FACTORS IN ADULT DEVELOPMENT AND AGING

Abstract Individual development is embedded in multiple environmental systems, ranging from broader distal cultural and historical contexts to more proximal residential, family, and partnership contexts. The goal of this symposium is to showcase research studying the role of distal and proximal contextual factors in the development and aging of key domains, including health, cognitive function, social relationships, and emotional experiences. Nakagawa et al. examine cultural differences in the associations of positive affect and loneliness with longevity using data from prospective surveys in the United States (1986–2005) and Japan (1987–2006). Hülür et al. use 35-year longitudinal data (1977-2012) from 3,482 participants of the Seattle Longitudinal Study to examine associations between perceived residential neighborhood characteristics and trajectories of cognitive aging. Kobayashi et al. study cohort and gender differences in trajectories of social contact and social participation and the effects of being married and living with a child using data from the National Survey of the Japanese Elderly (1987-2021). Meier et al. will present data from a study on emotional co-regulation in younger and older couples’ daily lives focusing on situational factors (e.g., psychological availability) within romantic relationships that can shape daily emotional experiences and relationship quality. The discussion by Hans-Werner Wahl will focus on how these approaches contribute to our understanding of processes of context dynamics and how they can be utilized to promote the maintenance of health and function in aging.

Symbiotic association of resources and market-facing capabilities in supply chains as determinants of performance: a resource orchestration perspective

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to advance the understanding of resource orchestration in inter-firm partnerships that appropriately configure and align strategic cross-firm supply chain resources and capabilities generating synergies to deliver superior performance.Design/methodology/approachApplying the resource orchestration logic, supported by the relational view of competitive advantage, the study draws from an empirical analysis of survey data from 152 top-level executives of US manufacturing firms to investigate the effect of leveraging and coherently combining cross-firm supply chain resources with capabilities on operational performance.FindingsThe study underscores the view that appropriately orchestrated combinations of key partnership resources and capabilities as mechanisms for marketing strategy implementation, enhance performance. Specifically, research results suggest that complementary inter-firm resources and lean align, and similarly idiosyncratic resources and agility align synergistically to deliver superior operational performance outcomes. The results also accent partnership responses to intense competition, enabling enhanced operational performance. The findings thus enrich the understanding of the resource orchestration logic and strategy, making important theoretical contributions.Research limitations/implicationsAs is typical in marketing and strategy research, the study research design has a cross-sectional framework, thus limiting insights on the resource orchestration dynamics that can otherwise be generated using a longitudinal design. Also, the resource orchestration stream is still nascent. Further research is needed to delineate the orchestration mechanisms that deliver on performance outcomes, especially in supply chains.Practical implicationsA key insight for supply chain and marketing managers is that close-knit inter-firm partnerships are critical for accessing idiosyncratic and complementary resources that can be configured and symbiotically aligned with market-facing agility and lean capabilities, respectively, to deliver market value. Proactive partnerships, especially in highly competitive and disruptive environments, enable mobilizing cross-firm resources and building appropriate matching combinations with capabilities to deliver on operational performance.Originality/valueThe study, guided by theory, advances the understanding of how key cross-firm resources and capabilities deliver performance gains. The key to competitive advantage and enhanced performance outcomes may lie in acquiring, leveraging and deploying appropriately matched resource-capability combinations. The present study investigates this proposition within the context of supply chain partnerships, focusing on cross-firm resources and capabilities.

Understanding approaches to social partnerships - investigating target audience reactions and non-profit managers’ business practice: a mixed-methods study

ABSTRACT If social partnerships can lead to favourable outcomes for not-for-profit organisations (NPOs), what steps are managers taking to achieve such outcomes? We address this question by conducting a mixed-methods study in a professional sports social partnership context in Australia. First, a survey with 4,193 sport team fans – a key target audience for NPOs was conducted to understand the impact of contextual factors (i.e. NPO reputation and perceived fit) on the consumer behaviour process, including donation, volunteer, and advocacy intentions for NPOs involved in a social partnership. Following the confirmation of favourable NPO outcomes, interviews with 11 NPO managers were conducted to explore the business practice inputs of their social partnerships. Interviews showed social partnerships were characterised by a power imbalance in favour of the sports organisation leading to a lack of co-creation of value. Further, despite an expressed intention to formalise the partnerships, formality waned as the partnership moved through the different partnership stages. Results across the two studies demonstrate the need for a more deliberate and strategic approach to social partnerships. Theoretically, we build on the limited work addressing the NPO perspective of social partnerships by adopting a dual stakeholder perspective.

A Novel Macro Perspective on Family Dynamics: The Contribution of Partnership Contexts of Births to Cohort Fertility Rates

AbstractPartnering behavior is central to understanding fertility. Influential concepts, including singlehood, serial monogamy, and multiple‐partner fertility, are frequently used to analyze partnering and childbearing dynamics. These concepts are evoked to understand individual and population‐level patterns but are mainly analyzed at the individual level. We propose a measure for gauging the interplay between partnerships and childbearing at the population level, namely cohort fertility rates (CFR) as the sum of births under various partnership contexts. Surprisingly, demographers rarely measure and do not have a clear picture of the extent to which childbearing in different partnership contexts contributes to completed fertility. We analyze Finnish register data to decompose CFR into births across union status, union order, and reproductive partner order. Contrary to the discourse of partnering in the Nordics, births within first unions to first reproductive partners account for about two‐thirds of CFR. Births in higher‐order unions to first reproductive partners account for one‐fifth. Single births and births with higher‐order reproductive partners have a modest impact. This ranking holds across sex and educational level. We argue that the proposed measures offer a novel appraisal of population‐level implications of partnerships and childbearing dynamics and provide an opportunity to understand cross‐country variation in fertility patterns.

Demographic Context of Thai-Western Partnerships in Thailand

Marriages between Thais and Westerners have become more frequent in Thailand, which could have significant social and economic implications for the country. However, we currently lack information on the exact number of Thai-Western couples and their demographic characteristics. To address this, we conducted a study using Thailand’s 2010 Population Census to explore the scale of Thai-Western partnerships and identify some basic demographic traits of these marriages. Our findings revealed that in 2010, Thai-Western couples made up less than 1% of all married couples. Additionally, more male Westerners partnered with Thai individuals than female Westerners with Thai partners. The nationalities that predominantly formed partnerships with Thais were British, American, and German, comprising more than half of all Westerners in such unions. We also observed that approximately one-third of Westerners in these partnerships were 60 or older, indicating a significant age difference between Western men and their Thai counterparts. Furthermore, most Thai-Westerner couples reside in Bangkok, the capital city of Thailand.

Working with men in the context of distressed and disrupted intimate partner relationships: A qualitative study

ObjectiveTo describe key considerations for working with men experiencing distressed and disrupted intimate partner relationships. MethodsIndividual Zoom interviews were conducted with help-seeking men (n = 25) who had experienced an intimate partnership break-up, and health service providers (n = 30) working with men in the relationships space. Interpretive Description methodology was used to generate considerations for working with men in distressed and disrupted relationships. ResultsThree thematic findings were inductively derived; 1) A whole life approach for deconstructing relationships, wherein men engaged in discussions about their broader experiences and circumstances within the context of intimate partnerships; 2) Affirming men’s relationship emotions and vulnerabilities as normative and changeable, comprising coaching for embodying transformative masculinities; and 3) Tangible ‘to do’s’ in and after a relationship, outlining men’s present and prospective self-work with action-oriented strategies. ConclusionStrategies tailored to men’s receptivity and needs can increase connection with professional services and providers to bolster the mental health of men in and after disrupted intimate partner relationships. Practice implicationsWith men increasingly accessing professional mental health services, the present study offers key considerations and recommendations regarding assessment, communication, and treatment for health service providers working with men in the relationships space.

Comparing Factors Associated with Increased Stimulant Use in Relation to HIV Status Using a Machine Learning and Prediction Modeling Approach.

Stimulant use is an important driver of HIV/STI transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM). Evaluating factors associated with increased stimulant use is critical to inform HIV prevention programming efforts. This study seeks to use machine learning variable selection techniques to determine characteristics associated with increased stimulant use and whether these factors differ by HIV status. Data from a longitudinal cohort of predominantly Black/Latinx MSM in Los Angeles, CA was used. Every 6months from 8/2014-12/2020, participants underwent STI testing and completed surveys evaluating the following: demographics, substance use, sexual risk behaviors, and last partnership characteristics. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) was used to select variables and create predictive models for an interval increase in self-reported stimulant use across study visits. Mixed-effects logistic regression was then used to describe associations between selected variables and the same outcome. Models were also stratified based on HIV status to evaluate differences in predictors associated with increased stimulant use. Among 2095 study visits from 467 MSM, increased stimulant use was reported at 20.9% (n = 438) visits. Increased stimulant use was positively associated with unstable housing (adjusted [a]OR 1.81; 95% CI 1.27-2.57), STI diagnosis (1.59; 1.14-2.21), transactional sex (2.30; 1.60-3.30), and last partner stimulant use (2.21; 1.62-3.00). Among MSM living with HIV, increased stimulant use was associated with binge drinking, vaping/cigarette use (aOR 1.99; 95% CI 1.36-2.92), and regular use of poppers (2.28; 1.38-3.76). Among HIV-negative MSM, increased stimulant use was associated with participating in group sex while intoxicated (aOR 1.81; 95% CI 1.04-3.18), transactional sex (2.53; 1.40-2.55), and last partner injection drug use (1.96; 1.02-3.74). Our findings demonstrate that lasso can be a useful tool for variable selection and creation of predictive models. These results indicate that risk behaviors associated with increased stimulant use may differ based on HIV status and suggest that co-substance use and partnership contexts should be considered in the development of HIV prevention/treatment interventions.

Transformational Community Engagement in Urban Infrastructure Public-Private Partnerships: A Governmentality Approach to Create Social Value

Based on the Foucauldian concept of governmentality, this paper overcomes the atomistic view of external stakeholder engagement research to examine the specific conditions under which community engagement in urban infrastructure public-private partnerships (PPPs) can be transformational and create social value with and for communities. In particular, it shows that a transformational approach to community engagement is, in practice, closer to a form of governance that emphasizes involved stakeholders’ responsibility. It traces this line of argument through the literature and practice of social enterprises and other hybrid collaborations in the private sector. Conceptually, it contributes to a political and transformational understanding of community engagement within the context of public-private partnerships. First, by proposing a “governmentality analytical framework” for understanding and uncovering the often purposefully concealed dynamic power relations in the engagement process between the state, communities, and private investors. Second, by proposing a set of guiding principles on how to: empower communities to be organized; reconfigure the institutional environment to offer incentives and reliability; and design public-private partnerships as hybrid organizations capable of including other actors, such as non-governmental organizations.

Teachers’ Roles in Implementing Play-Based Learning for Teaching Vocabulary: Perspectives of Thai Primary School Teachers

Teachers may have different perspectives about their roles in implementing teaching methods. One of the examples is using play-based learning. This study explores the teacher's implementation of play-based learning and the roles of Thai primary school teachers in teaching vocabulary using a play-based learning strategy. The data were collected through a qualitative case study design. Two instruments were applied in this research, online observations and interviews: 50 minutes of classroom observations held through Facebook's live streaming feature and 3 hours of individual interviews with three Thai teachers from different primary schools through the Zoom meeting platform and LINE. The finding of the observation shows that all teachers have been following aspects of the observation. Meanwhile, the finding from the interview shows that teachers' roles in play-based learning: teachers act as facilitators and leaders in the context of engagement with the students; teachers act as observers, planners, and reflectors in a reflective pedagogues context; and teachers act as communicators, advisors, and connectors for the context of partnership with student's parents. This study is expected to serve as a resource and source of information for English teachers who teach young learners so they can set some useful strategies into practice in the classroom.Teachers may have different perspectives about their roles in implementing teaching methods. One of the examples is using play-based learning. This study explores the teacher's implementation of play-based learning and the roles of Thai primary school teachers in teaching vocabulary using a play-based learning strategy. The data were collected through a qualitative case study design. Two instruments were applied in this research, online observations and interviews: 50 minutes of classroom observations held through Facebook's live streaming feature and 3 hours of individual interviews with three Thai teachers from different primary schools through the Zoom meeting platform and LINE. The finding of the observation shows that all teachers have been following aspects of the observation. Meanwhile, the finding from the interview shows that teachers' roles in play-based learning: teachers act as facilitators and leaders in the context of engagement with the students; teachers act as observers, planners, and reflectors in a reflective pedagogues context; and teachers act as communicators, advisors, and connectors for the context of partnership with student's parents. This study is expected to serve as a resource and source of information for English teachers who teach young learners so they can set some useful strategies into practice in the classroom.