Brazilian Context Research Articles

Living Conditions of Migrant Students in Brazil

The migration scenario faces different conditions, with emphasis on the context of education and its repercussions on the individual's life. Therefore, the general objective was to investigate the living conditions of migrant students in Brazil. An Integrative Literature Review was carried out, involving: elaboration of the guiding question; literature search and sampling; data collect; critical analysis of studies; discussion of results; and presentation of the integrative review. The results made it possible to select 8 studies using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subsequently, a framework was developed to record information based on the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses” protocol. Five points were grouped: Education, Housing, Labor Market, Income and Health. Prior to this, the profile of the migrant population wascreated. Finally, the need to build policies and enforce rights to guarantee better living conditions for the migrant population was highlighted, in the fight against social inequality in the Brazilian context.

Self-actualization and B-values: Development and validation of two instruments in the Brazilian context

Self-actualization and B-values: Development and validation of two instruments in the Brazilian context

Career choice intention and work engagement of the audit professional in the Brazilian context

Objective: This research analyzed the attitudinal, subjective norms, behavioral perception, and work engagement variables that determine the audit professional’s intention to choose to pursue the career.Method: The methodology is quantitative, descriptive, and survey. Data were obtained through the application of a questionnaire with 312 audit professionals in Brazil. Data analysis included structural equation modeling.Originality/Relevance: The theoretical gap lies in the relationship between the Theory of Planned Behavior and work engagement in audit professionals. In this way, the intention of deciding on a career does not consist only in choosing a specific branch within the accounting area, but also in the individual’s willingness and competence to implement their projects and in the future engagement to support it, which demonstrates the confidence of the search.Results: The results revealed that audit professionals are happy to follow in this area, feel confident, believe in their professional capacity, and intend to grow in their careers in the coming years. Professionals have high levels of vigor, dedication, and concentration, and are highly engaged in their work. Personal attitudes, subjective norms, vigor, and dedication presented an explanatory power of 58% of the intention, concluding that the relationships between the scales are supported.Theoretical contributions: The model for measuring the relationship between intention to choose a career and engagement at work was validated. The study fills a gap in the behavioral area, helping to understand the auditor's behavior.

THE LEVEL OF DISCLOSURE OF SUSTAINABILITY INFORMATION OF CREDIT UNIONS IN BRAZIL AND GERMANY

Objective: This research aims to analyze the level of disclosure of sustainability information, which mitigates information asymmetry, of Brazilian and German credit unions. Theoretical Framework: The study draws upon literature concerning sustainability information disclosure, information asymmetry, governance, and the role of credit unions in promoting transparency and corporate social responsibility. Method: The study was conducted with a sample of the 30 largest credit unions in Brazil and Germany, totaling 60 credit unions. Sixty indicators across four categories of sustainability were employed, analyzed in the annual reports of the sampled cooperatives from the year 2021. Subsequently, Student's t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were utilized to compare the level of compliance between the cooperatives in Brazil and Germany. Results and Discussion: The results demonstrate a statistically significant difference in the disclosure of sustainability information between Brazilian and German credit unions, with the latter exhibiting higher disclosure in their annual reports. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference was observed in the disclosure of economic and environmental information between the two countries, while differences in the social and cultural pillars were not evidenced. Research Implications: The findings of this study hold significant implications for credit unions, emphasizing the need for increased transparency and disclosure of sustainability information, particularly in the Brazilian context. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by providing insights into sustainability information disclosure in credit unions, particularly through a comparison of practices between Brazil and Germany. Additionally, it underscores the importance of transparency and corporate social responsibility in this sector.

Simulation-based economic evaluation of the Wolbachia method in Brazil: a cost-effective strategy for dengue control

Dengue virus (DENV) is an arbovirus transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which can cause severe conditions such as hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. These conditions are associated with adverse social, clinical, and economic consequences in Brazil. Herein, the Wolbachia mosquito replacement method is a promising dengue control strategy. We estimated the economic impact of implementing the Wolbachia mosquito replacement method in seven Brazilian cities. A mathematical microsimulation model tracked nearly 23 million inhabitants over a 20-year period, considering the transitions between five different health states (susceptible, inapparent, outpatient, hospitalised and death). Direct costs included local dengue control programs, Wolbachia implementation and dengue care. Indirect costs related to death and productivity loss, as well as disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) averted were also considered. Without Wolbachia, the model projected 1,762,688 reported dengue cases over 20 years. Implementing the Wolbachia method would avert at least 1,295,566 dengue cases, resulting in lower costs and greater effectiveness in all simulated cities. On average, for every 1000 inhabitants followed for 20 years, the Wolbachia method yielded a cost difference of USD 538,233.68 (BRL 2,691,168.40) and averted 5.56 DALYs. Net monetary benefits (NMB) were positive in all seven cities, ranging from USD 110.72 (BRL 553.59) to USD 1399.19 (BRL 6995.95) per inhabitant. Alternative scenarios have also shown a favourable return on investment with a positive benefit-cost ratio (BCR). Wolbachia is likely a cost-effective strategy in the Brazilian context, consistent with international studies. Sensitivity analysis and alternative scenarios confirmed the robustness of the results. This study was funded by the Wellcome Trust under a grant (224459/Z/21/Z).

African American English: Perspectivas potencializadoras de identidades negras em aulas de língua Inglesa

This qualitative research, developed through a bibliographical study, aims at investigating African American English as an artifact to promote decolonial praxis of English language teaching, enhancing black identities. Put into practice, this means offering a theoretical and practical input so that black educators, who teach the English language, recognize how the target language may be taught and learned, valuing black identities, understanding and resisting the colonial ties which tend to make these bodies invisible throughout the process. Thus, the tensions among language, race and power and their influence on the emergence and resistance of African American English will be considered, focusing on some of its characteristics. From this, the pedagogical benefits which black epistemes can bring to English classes are taken as scope, considering their outcomes to promote a socioculturally significant teaching and learning process to black students, as well as the (de)construction and strengthening of diasporic black identities including the Brazilian context and its specificities underpinned by Amefrican perspective.

SOCIAL DEATH: The Impact of the Deprivation of Voting Rights on Incarcerated Populations

This descriptive article aims to analyze the effects of restricting the right to vote for people deprived of their liberty, already socially excluded and stigmatized due to their condition, in denying the individual’s exercise of citizenship, resulting in an increase in crime. In the first chapter, through the hypothetical-deductive methodology, based on a systematic bibliographical review of primary and secondary sources, the paper gathers and analyzes the literature and existing legislation about political rights of prisoners in the Brazilian context and their restriction hypotheses. In the following topic, in addition to the aforementioned methodology, data were presented on the scenario of the Brazilian prison system, using quantitative empirical research, with secondary sources, to elucidate the scenario of mass incarceration and outline hypotheses, as well as statements about the logic of the punitive system and the growth of criminal factions. Finally, in the last chapter, through the hypothetical-deductive methodology of bibliographic review, the need for state action was highlighted, using public policies, to comply with the dictates contained in the 1988 Federal Constitution, expanding the citizenship of prisoners through voting, promoting social inclusion.

Mental health prevalence in Brazil: Understanding anxiety and depression in southern Capixaba region.

e23295 Background: The rising significance of mental health issues and psychological distress among cancer patients has prompted an in-depth investigation. In the brazilian context, this crucial aspect remains largely unexplored, with limited available data and insufficient investment in understanding the psychosocial dimensions of cancer care. This study aims to generate brazilian-specific data to facilitate the development and implementation of targeted psychosocial interventions within cancer care. Methods: From August 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023, a random selection of 263 patients at a brazilian cancer center underwent assessment for signs and symptoms of anxiety and depression using the Anxiety and Depression Assessment Scale – HAD. This validated screening scale, comprising 14 Likert-type questions, features two subscales with seven items each to track anxiety and depression symptoms. Severity scores for each subscale range from zero to 21, with higher scores indicating increased anxiety and depression levels. In this study, interviewers assessed the severity of symptoms, employing scales ranging from 0 to 21. Three score levels were identified: mild (0-7), moderate (8-11), and high (12-21). Inclusion criteria encompassed age over 18, residency in the southern region of the State of Espírito Santo, a cancer diagnosis, and active treatment. Exclusion criteria included non-residency in th southern region of th state, lack of cancer diagnosis, and oncohematological treatments. Of the 263 eligible participants, 21 were excluded for not meeting inclusion criteria, and 16 declined to participate, resulting in a final sample of 226 patients. Results: The sample comprised 160 women, with 64.90% diagnosed with breast cancer and 35.10% with other neoplasms. Among the 66 men, 41% had prostate cancer and 59% had other neoplasms. Anxiety levels in women were mild (28%), moderate (24%), and high (48%), while in men, levels were mild (39%), moderate (21%), and high (53%). Depression levels in women were mild (42%), moderate (19%), and high (39%). Notably, six suicide attempts occurred among women before cancer diagnosis, and one occurred after diagnosis. Among men, depression levels were mild (47%), moderate (22%), and high (31%). With no history of attempts of suicide in the men population. Conclusions: The study's robust dataset provides compelling and valid information, unveiling a substantial prevalence of mental disorders within the analyzed populations. It emphatically underscores the critical need for tailored supportive care in addressing the unique psychosocial challenges faced by this demographic. Furthermore, the findings advocate for the urgent implementation of targeted psychosocial support interventions to enhance the overall well-being of individuals navigating the complex terrain of cancer and its associated mental health implications.

A construção da sociedade neoliberal brasileira: qual o lugar da democracia?

Abstract The paper aims to analyze how democracy is structured within the neoliberal capitalist system in the Brazilian context. While neoliberalism requires market liberalization, reduction of the social state, and financialization of life, democracy presupposes political and economic equality, public apparatus, and inclusion; thus, it is necessary to discuss this conflicting relationship. The first session of the work discusses the economic, political, and social system of neoliberalism, understanding its requirements and characteristics, as opposed to democratic pretensions, to enter into Brazilian particularities. The second topic analyzes the construction of a neoliberal society in the country, establishing the investigation through the clash between social development and neoliberal advancement in Brazil. Finally, it examines the presence of neoliberal capitalism from the Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) governments to the first two years of the Bolsonaro government, questioning the place of democracy. For this, the research used the deductive approach method and type of bibliographical and documentary research with a qualitative approach. In conclusion, we highlight the obstacle that neoliberalism imposes to realize a substantial, egalitarian, and plural democracy, marginalizing its power and restricting it to the electoral sphere.

Como gênero e raça estruturam o sistema prisional: Diálogos com Angela Davis sobre racismo e sexismo no controle punitivo brasileiro

Abstract We present an analysis of the phenomenon of female incarceration in Brazil, placing it as a concrete determination of the capitalist mode of production. We start from the issue of how the categories of gender and race act as structural elements of Brazilian penal control, based on the reading proposed by Angela Davis, in dialogue with authors of Brazilian feminist. For this reason, initially, we will promote initial debates about oppression as structures of social relations in capitalism. Subsequently, it will be necessary to discuss the oppression of gender and race in the Brazilian context, especially considering the overload of reproductive, invisible, and precarious work. Finally, we will analyze the consolidation of Brazilian punitive control as an instrument for the management of disposable bodies and the constant production and reproduction of racism and sexism in Brazilian culture. We will use materialistic analysis as a methodology, with the critical interpellation (ana-dialectical moment of the method) through the critical analytical, theoretical framework of the black feminism theory. With the formulations, we can conclude, in short, that the violent and racist management of the penal system maintains a solid Brazilian social structure, subjecting the bodies of black women to the harder process of vulnerability imposed by punitive state control.

ESTADO DEL ARTE, CHECK!

TikTok is a social networking application that has attracted great attention from the public, companies and, more recently, academia. Therefore, this article aims to present the scientific production carried out on the platform in Brazil between 2019 and 2023. The research analyzed 66 works, focusing on the titles, abstracts and keywords of the publications. From this analysis it is expected to demonstrate the development and main themes of scientific production related to the Chinese application in the Brazilian context.

SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR - SLOW FASHION IN BRAZIL

The interest in social justice and sustainability issues in the fashion industry has grown exponentially in recent years, given the concern for the worldwide preservation of the natural goods that remain on the earth and the valorization of professionals in the production chain. Slow fashion emerges as a relevant movement in this context. It seeks to slow down the mass industrial production of the fashion area that is currently known by overriding the valuing of quality and people who work throughout the production chain to the detriment of quantity and exploitation of natural resources. This paper aims to verify whether the five dimensions of the Consumer Orientation to Slow Fashion (COSF) scale fit satisfactorily to Brazil and then draw profiles of slow fashion product consumption in this exact scenario. Thus, we planned and applied a virtual questionnaire using the COSF scale with 414 volunteers from Brazil. We treated the collected data by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, k-means, structural equation modeling, and analysis of variance. As a result, we observed that the COSF scale did not thoroughly adjust to the Brazilian context. Thus, we identified three orientation profiles for slow fashion consumption: averse to exclusivity, highly, and low orientation.

Babies in the Corporeal Turn: The Cognitive Embodiment of Early Motor Development and Exploration in the Brazilian Context of Early Childhood Education.

The corporeal turn in developmental psychology has rekindled interest regarding how early motor development contributes to and enhances cognitive development across the first years of life. By highlighting embodied perceptual-motor engagement with the world, embodied cognitive learning emphasizes the importance of experience and perceptual-motor mechanisms in modulating the development of person-environment systems. The field currently calls for research that combines such conceptual frameworks with the complex everyday material and sociocultural landscapes that resource infants' developmental trajectories. We, therefore, aim to connect the conceptual refinement of bodily-anchored exploration to the contextual reality of everyday settings of early childhood education (ECE)-here situated in the Brazilian context-as relevant social and cultural suppliers and modulators of the developmental trajectories of babies. Secondarily, we ponder on the premises of national pedagogical curricula and their role in mediating the quality of experiences and systems of person-environment relations more closely. Cultural-historical psychology, in dialogue with the principles of Ecological Psychology, constitutes the theoretical framework that underpins the microgenetic analyses conducted. By analyzing episodes of exploratory actions of a focal baby situated in the ECE context, we seek to apprehend motor-perceptual indicators of embodied cognitive processing by considering the modes of appropriation entailed in episodes of embodied exploration. We reflect on pedagogical implications considering official national documents of early childhood education. This work contributes by providing complementary insights into the nature of infants' everyday sociocultural embodied experiences and their development in pedagogically oriented settings.

Education, perceived discrimination, and identity voting: evidence from Brazil’s 2018 election

ABSTRACT Brazil’s electoral arena has long been characterized as devoid of identity politics. Recent analyses, however, have uncovered shifting racial subjectivities and effects of race and gender on electoral preferences. This paper leverages Brazil’s 2018 election to reassess conventional wisdom and test whether recent findings derived from racial groups extend to other subordinate social groups in this context, namely women and sexual minorities. I test two hypotheses: (1) that higher levels of education correlate with greater perceptions of group-based discrimination, and (2) that perceptions of group-based discrimination explain within-group variation in support for Bolsonaro. Analysis of national survey data show that education correlates with group consciousness among subordinate groups, and that these individuals are more likely to oppose the far-right populist candidate. This article provides a more complete understanding of the electoral salience of identity in the Brazilian context, and provides evidence that insights derived from one marginalized group can extend to others.

Industrial engineer and Industry 4.0? Empirical evidence from the Brazilian context considering the relation between competences and technologies

PurposeManufacturing systems have undergone radical changes because of the implementation of physical and digital innovating technologies with high levels of connectivity, interoperability and autonomy. In this regard, the objective of this study was to investigate whether industrial engineers graduated in recent years in Brazil are prepared or not to work in companies and industries within the scope of Industry 4.0 technologies in a way that they positively contribute to the implementation and management of such technologies.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve these objectives, a literature review and a survey on managers of the industrial sector acting in Brazil were carried out as the research strategies. The data collected were analyzed through a quantitative approach by means of the structural equations modeling method.FindingsThe hypothesis that the competencies of industrial engineers currently graduating in Brazil have a positive impact on the implementation and management of Industry 4.0 technologies has been confirmed. Predicting the evolution of production scenarios, understanding the interaction between organizations and their impacts on competitiveness and keeping abreast of technological advancements, organizing them and putting them to the service of business and societal demands were the competencies that obtained the highest factor loadings in the construct of industrial engineer competencies. In addition, cloud manufacturing, automation and robotization were the competencies that obtained the highest factor loadings in the industry 4.0 construct.Originality/valueThe analysis of skills development stands out as a source of competitive advantage for companies that intend to transition to a production system aligned with the principles of Industry 4.0, considering the training of professionals in an emerging economy context.

Opposition to Same-Sex Parenting as Sexual Prejudice: Validity Evidence of a Model and Associated Factors in the Brazilian Context

The Beliefs about Children’s Adjustment in Same-Sex Families Scale (BCASSFS) is an instrument that measures rejection of the child-rearing and educational practices of same-sex parents. This scale evaluates beliefs that are organized in a bifactorial model referring to Individual Opposition and Normative Opposition. This study aimed to adapt the BCASSFS and examine its validity in the Brazilian context with a sexually diverse sample. A national survey was carried out with a sample of 1038 participants. It was used a sociodemographic questionnaire; a version of the BCASSFS adapted for the Brazilian context; a measure of sexual prejudice; and a measure of conservatism. Confirmatory factor analysis showed good fit indices for the model suggested for the original scale. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis showed that the BCASSFS displayed measurement invariance between subsamples of different profiles, such as heterosexual-cisgender and LGBT + participants. Investigations of concurrent, convergent and criterion validity also showed that both scale factors were associated with theoretically related variables, in line with the literature. Together, these results show that the BCASSFS has good validity and can be used in the Brazilian context. By confirming the replication of the original model, this study contributes to broadening knowledge about these dimensions of sexual prejudice.

Biochar: From Laboratory to Industry Scale—An Overview of Scientific and Industrial Advances, Opportunities in the Brazilian Context, and Contributions to Sustainable Development

Waste treatment and valorization have become crucial for sustainable development towards a circular economy. As an alternative, biochar production is a promising process to convert wastes into a valuable product that presents several potential applications to cope with environmental problems. Biochar in recent years has been the subject of many studies, which have leveraged the number of patents and the industrial interest in this process. Against this background, this overview aimed: (i) to identify the advances in biochar research; (ii) to assess the number of patents on biochar over the years; (iii) to look at the industrial production of biochar worldwide; (iv) to detect the potential for biochar production in Brazil regarding waste biomass availability; and (v) to discuss the potential of biochar in contributing to reach some Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The holistic analysis presented here suggests that progress has been made in research, patent development, and industrial implementation of biochar, and that its potential role in achieving certain SDGs is noteworthy. Therefore, this overview can be useful in guiding future research about biochar to improve the knowledge of the different branches in this field.

Mobility patterns in Grande Abrigo de Santana do Riacho, Minas Gerais, Brazil: insights from histomorphometric analysis of skeletal remains

This study analyzes skeletal remains from Grande Abrigo de Santana do Riacho, aiming to investigate mobility patterns. Previous studies suggest low mobility based on macroscopic observations of skeletons. This study examined thin sections of the femoral Linea aspera of six adult individuals using histomorphometric techniques. Variables analyzed include intact and fragmented secondary osteons, osteon area and Haversian canal. This data was then compared with other groups to test associations between histological features and mechanical stimuli. A high density of osteons was found, indicating high levels of physical activity. Differences between sexes were observed, with men showing evidence of more strenuous physical demands compared to women. Furthermore, a statistically significant (p < 0.05) positive relationship was observed between the area of the Haversian canal and the density of secondary osteons, suggesting relatively short events of bone remodelling. This result is consistent with previous macroscopic analyses, confirming the low mobility patterns for the site. The study also highlights the potential of bone paleohistology for investigations in Brazilian contexts.

Hyperglycemia as a gestational factor associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder: a review of the literature

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. The etiology, which has been the subject of studies, is influenced by a range of factors, including genetic, environmental, and gestational aspects. Methods: This article aims to review the literature, exploring the gestational causes associated with ASD, concentrating on intrauterine hyperglycemia. Results: The analysis reveals a scarcity of empirical studies, highlighting the need for additional research, especially in the Brazilian context. Conclusion: The results show that hyperglycemia during pregnancy can increase the risk of ASD, highlighting the importance of further research in this area.

Cultural adaptation of the Mental Illness: Clinicians’ Attitudes Scale (MICA-4) for Brazilian context

Cultural adaptation of the Mental Illness: Clinicians’ Attitudes Scale (MICA-4) for Brazilian context