Context Of sub-Saharan Africa Research Articles

Adolescents’ dietary patterns, their drivers and association with double burden of malnutrition in adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Kenya’s urban slums

BackgroundThe double burden of malnutrition (DBM) during adolescence is associated with growth and developmental impairment and risk of non-communicable diseases. There is limited evidence on adolescent’s dietary patterns (DPs), and how they contribute to DBM in urban low income contexts in sub Saharan Africa. This study assessed DPs of adolescents, their drivers and association with DBM in Kenya’s urban slums.MethodsAnthropometric, socio-demographic and dietary-intake data were collected through a cross-sectional survey of 621 adolescents from three major urban slums in Nairobi, Kenya. DPs were derived using principal component analysis. Multinomial-logistic-regression was used to assess the association between the DPs, individual and environmental factors and DBM.ResultsTwo DPs were identified: traditional DP (whole grains/cereals, rice, fruits, legumes/nuts, and water) and transitioning DP (refined cereals (maize/wheat), vegetables, meat, tea/coffee, sweet ultra-processed/deep fried snacks). Adolescents from Mathare (the largest slum) were more likely to adhere to the traditional DP (RRR = 3.43; 95% CI 1.85–6.37). Cultural background (Luo) had a positive association (RRR = 4.28; 95% CI 1.97–9.32), while longer residency in the slum (> 10 years) had a negative association (RRR = 0.47; 95% CI 0.25–0.90) with transitioning DP. The transitioning DP had a positive (non-linear) association with overweight/obesity in girls (RRR = 2.79; 95% CI 1.16–6.71). The DPs were not associated with thinness or stunting.ConclusionThe DPs indicate various stages of nutrition transition of adolescent diets, which are influenced by cultural background, neighbourhood and duration of stay in the slum. Transitioning DP may expose adolescents to the risks of overweight/obesity in the long-term.

E-learning and sustainability of higher education in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review and synthesis

Purpose This study aims to examine the state of literature on the role of e-learning in the sustainability of higher education institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa, with the goal of identifying explored thematic areas, finding out the deficiencies in extant literature and recommending areas of future research work. Design/methodology/approach The research used a systematic literature review, examining articles published between 2012 and 2022. In total, 52 publications were identified and subjected to analysis. Findings The findings reveal that few studies have explored the relationship between e-learning and the sustainability of higher education in Sub-Saharan Africa, with larger economies in the region dominating research output. In addition, traditional technology adoption and social learning theories dominate the theoretical frameworks in this area. Moreover, the authors observed limited adaptation of these theories to local contexts, leading to outcomes with limited contextual details or lack of the same. Despite its potential, e-learning has yet to be fully embraced as a strategic tool for the sustainability of higher education in Sub-Saharan Africa. Originality/value Although various systematic literature reviews exist in the field of sustainability in higher education, there seem to be no reviews specifically focused on e-learning within the context of Sub-Saharan Africa. This review sheds some light on potential future research paths regarding the theory, content and context of e-learning for the sustainability of higher education in Sub-Saharan Africa, and by extension, in developing countries worldwide.

Understanding ecological grief as a response to climate change-induced loss in Ghana

ABSTRACT The perceived effects of climate change on the environment are becoming a lived experience for many rural dwellers in poor countries. Several new concepts have emerged to describe the long-term mental health consequences of climate-induced effects, with ecological grief as a prime example. Yet empirical research showing how climate-related ecological loss drives grief and emotional distress among communities is limited, particularly within the context of sub-Saharan Africa. This study draws on in-depth interviews and a focus group with smallholder farmers in the Upper West region, Ghana’s most climate-vulnerable region, to develop an understanding of climate change-induced ecological grief. A key finding of the study is that smallholder farmers in the region are experiencing grief because of climate change-induced ecological loss including loss of livelihoods, loss of indigenous seeds and genetic resources, and loss of indigenous ecological knowledge. We further demonstrate that grief experienced by farmers manifests in various forms including feelings of anxiety, powerlessness, helplessness, hopelessness, and sadness, among others. Our findings have implications for climate change adaptation strategies and policies across the global South.

Hardware Development and Evaluation of Multihop Cluster-Based Agricultural IoT Based on Bluetooth Low-Energy and LoRa Communication Technologies.

In this paper, we present the development and evaluation of a contextually relevant, cost-effective, multihop cluster-based agricultural Internet of Things (MCA-IoT) network. This network utilizes commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) and LoRa communication technologies, along with the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ (RPi 3 B+), to address the challenges of climate change-induced global food insecurity in smart farming applications. Employing the lean engineering design approach, we initially implemented a centralized cluster-based agricultural IoT (CA-IoT) hardware testbed incorporating BLE, RPi 3 B+, STEMMA soil moisture sensors, UM25 m, and LoPy low-power Wi-Fi modules. This system was subsequently adapted and refined to assess the performance of the MCA-IoT network. This study offers a comprehensive reference on the novel, location-independent MCA-IoT technology, including detailed design and deployment insights for the agricultural IoT (Agri-IoT) community. The proposed solution demonstrated favorable performance in indoor and outdoor environments, particularly in water-stressed regions of Northern Ghana. Performance evaluations revealed that the MCA-IoT technology is easy to deploy and manage by users with limited expertise, is location-independent, robust, energy-efficient for battery operation, and scalable in terms of task and size, thereby providing a versatile range of measurements for future applications. Our results further demonstrated that the most effective approach to utilizing existing IoT-based communication technologies within a typical farming context in sub-Saharan Africa is to integrate them.

Women entrepreneurs in rural Nigeria: formal versus informal credit schemes

PurposeThis study examines why low-wealth women entrepreneurs forgo mobile enabled money services and government supported micro finance for informal, community-based revolving loans in rural Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThematic analysis of 25 interviews with women in rural, south-west Nigeria. Entrepreneurial ecosystem theory, in the gendered context of micro finance and community-based lending, is employed.FindingsThis study explains the paradox of forgoing seemingly accessible mobile enabled credit, and formal credit schemes (e.g. micro-finance programs) for informal, one-on-one borrowing. Convenience and trust-based relationships with respected community members ease the burden of time scarcity and vulnerability associated with formal capital. Flexible terms, autonomy, self-reliance and knowing who one is dealing with make Esusu a preferred source of finance. Findings are discussed in the context of gendered entrepreneurial ecosystems in which participants conduct business.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample is not representative of women entrepreneurs in rural Nigeria. Survivorship bias is acknowledged. Further research is needed on the psychological risks of informal capital and the benefits of community-based lending.Practical implicationsMeasures to scale mobile enabled credit, without commensurate interventions to address time management and other structural issues that confront women traders, limit their utility and impacts. Power differentials between women traders and lenders must also be considered in the design of lending products. Training of women traders and formal lenders should incorporate curricula about gender gaps in capital markets and systematic gender challenges to support entrepreneurs who seek to grow beyond subsistence enterprises.Originality/valueThis study documents decision criteria that motivate informal rural women traders to employ community-based revolving credit or Esusu. Findings inform measures to increase women entrepreneurs' access to capital in a rural sub-Saharan Africa contexts.

Towards models of language supportive pedagogy in Sub-Saharan Africa: Comparing and analysing curricula and practice

A prerequisite for learning is that instructions and other learning activities take place in a language that you understand. This may seem self-evident, but fact remains that most learners in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are taught in a European second language (L2) that they are unfamiliar with. Frequently, the role of the home languages in the classrooms has been completely subtracted leading to very unfavourable learning situations for many pupils, something which in turn results in failures and early drop-out. The current paper takes up some of the challenges, dilemmas and consequences of current medium of instruction (MoI) policies as illustrated by theories and previous studies. Part 2 gives an outline of the analytical framework being developed under the Understanding project financed by the Swedish research Council. The purpose of the framework is to help reveal strengths, shortcomings and mismatches in current language-in-education policies. Focus lies on how different policy levels acknowledge the challenges involved in learning and teaching through a second language in SSA contexts. The model provides a systematic framework for explorations of how language-in-education policy outcomes (mis)match intentions. The framework, though adapted for SSA contexts, has direct relevance to the analysis of language-in-education polices in Western education systems.

Prevalence and risk of burnout among HIV service providers in South Africa and Zambia: findings from the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial

BackgroundIn the high disease burden and resource-constrained contexts of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), health workers experience a range of psychosocial stressors that leave them vulnerable to developing burnout, which can reduce service quality and negatively impact their own health and wellbeing. As universal testing and treatment (UTT) for HIV scales up across SSA, we sought to understand the implications of this human resource-intensive approach to HIV prevention to inform decision-making about health workforce staffing and support needs.MethodsUsing the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), we assessed the prevalence of three domains of burnout—emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment—among three cadres of health workers delivering health services in areas receiving a UTT intervention in Zambia and South Africa. These cadres included health facility workers (n = 478), community health workers (n = 159), and a study-specific cadre of community HIV care providers (n = 529). We used linear regression to assess risk factors associated with emotional exhaustion, the only domain with sufficient variation in our sample.ResultsThe MBI-HSS was completed by 1499/2153 eligible participants (69.6% response rate). Less than 1% of health workers met Maslach’s definition for burnout. All groups of health workers reported lower levels of emotional exhaustion than found in previous studies of this type (mean score scores ranged from 10.7 to 15.4 out of 54 across health cadres). Higher emotional exhaustion was associated with higher educational attainment (βadj = 2.24, 95% CI 0.76 to 3.72), greater years providing HIV services (βadj = 0.20, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.36), and testing negative for HIV at last HIV test (βadj = − 3.88 − 95% CI 5.69 to − 2.07). Working as a CHW was significantly associated with lower emotional exhaustion (βadj = − 2.52, 95% CI − 4.69 to − 0.35). Among all health workers, irrespective of HIV status, witnessing stigmatizing behaviors towards people living with HIV among their co-workers was associated with significantly increased emotional exhaustion (βadj = 3.38, 95% CI 1.99 to 4.76).ConclusionsThe low level of burnout detected among health workers is reassuring. However, it remains important to assess how UTT may affect levels of emotional exhaustion among health workers over time, particularly in the context of emerging global pandemics, as burnout may impact the quality of HIV services they provide and their own mental health and wellbeing. Interventions to reduce HIV stigma in health facilities may protect against emotional exhaustion among health workers, as well as interventions to increase mindfulness and resilience among health workers at risk of burnout.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01900977.

Respiratory Symptoms and Changes of Oxidative Stress Markers among Motorbike Drivers Chronically Exposed to Fine and Ultrafine Air Particles: A Case Study of Douala and Dschang, Cameroon.

Recent studies revealed that the high production of reactive oxidative species due to exposure to fine or ultrafine particles are involved in many chronic respiratory disorders. However, the poor standard of clinical data in sub-Saharan countries makes the assessment of our knowledge on the health impacts of air pollution in urban cities very difficult. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of respiratory disorders associated with exposure to fine and ultrafine air particles through the changes of some oxidative stress biomarkers among motorbike drivers from two cities of Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using a standardized questionnaire was conducted in 2019 on 191 motorcycle drivers (MDs) working in Douala and Dschang. Then, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured using colorimetric methods. The data of participants, after being clustered in Microsoft Excel, were analyzed and statistically compared using SPSS 20 software. Results: The motorbike drivers recruited from both cities were from 21 to 40 years old, with a mean age of 29.93 (±0.82). The distribution of respiratory disorders, such as a runny nose, cold, dry cough, chest discomfort, and breathlessness, was significantly increased among MDs in Douala. According to the results of biological assays, SOD and MDA were significantly greater among the MDs recruited in Douala compared to those of Dschang. The change in these oxidative stress markers was significantly positively correlated with the mobilization of monocytes and negatively correlated with neutrophils, showing the onset and progression of subjacent inflammatory reactions, and it seemed to be significantly influenced by the location MDs lived in. Conclusions: Through this study, we have confirmed the evidence supporting that the onset and progression of oxidative stress is caused by the long-term exposure to fine or ultrafine air particles among working people living in urban cities. Further studies should be conducted to provide evidence for the cellular damage and dysfunction related to the chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) in the air among working people in the metropolitan sub-Saharan Africa context.

7 - Exploring COVID-19 Lockdowns in Nigeria, South Africa and Botswana

The coronavirus-19 (Covid-19) pandemic has impacted the world in unprecedented ways. To contain the virus, countries across the world had to implement lockdowns and other Covid-19-related protocols, which included physical distancing, frequent handwashing, wearing masks and restricting the movement of people. Although literature on the impact of Covid-19 is emerging, it is still relatively unknown how countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) dealt with lockdowns. Applying nudge theory to three case studies— Nigeria, South Africa and Botswana—this paper explores the viability of Covid-19 lockdowns in SSA. The three cases shed light on the dynamics of Covid-19 lockdowns across different contexts in SSA. The paper argues that lockdowns were not ideal for regions like SSA, which has one of the world’s poorest populations. Nudging people’s behaviour in an effort to protect them from harm should, we submit, consider their socioeconomic context. More importantly, there is a need to decolonise, adapt and domesticate Western- style interventions like Covid-19 lockdowns to suit different situations. To this end, the paper provides some critical insights into the experience of lockdowns with some policy implications for future pandemics on the African continent and other parts of the global South.

Cohort profile: the Adverse Childhood Experiences cohort of the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health

PurposeThe Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) cohort of the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health (MLSFH-ACE) is a study of adolescents surveyed during 2017–2021. It provides an important opportunity to...

Education and Democracy in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract The relationship between education and democracy has been empirically researched since the late 1950s, with most evidence stemming from global datasets. Initial results showed no relationship between education and democracy after looking at the within-country estimation. But, as more advanced statistical methods emerged, addressing endogeneity problems of the within-country estimation, a statistically significant relationship between education, measured through average years of total schooling, and democracy appeared. However, all studies have looked at the association broadly, and only a handful have applied this nexus to the context of Sub-Saharan Africa. By creating a new dataset incorporating thirty countries, this study shows that education is statistically significantly associated with democracy in Sub-Saharan Africa. Results are robust to multiple other covariates and mirror the ones reported in the academic literature. This study echoes the continued focus on education, especially in light of recent developments and multiple organisations announcing that democracy declined worldwide.

Does war improve women’s political representation?

An expanding body of scholarly work posits that war, particularly intrastate war, disrupts established power arrangements and social institutions, providing avenues for women to enhance their political influence through reforms in political structures and participation in peace-building processes. Webster, Chen, and Beardsley (2019) systematically explore the nexus between war and women’s political empowerment, demonstrating associations between both interstate and intrastate conflicts and advancements in women’s political empowerment. Extending their analysis, this study investigates the influence of intrastate conflicts on women’s representation in legislative bodies. However, nuanced findings emerge from this analysis. There is no supporting evidence that the occurrence of warfare leads to an increase in women’s legislative representation. Ongoing internal conflicts exhibit a negative impact on the progression of women’s political representation. Conversely, the termination of civil wars, particularly without their prompt resumption, correlates with a higher likelihood of adopting gender quotas, thereby enhancing women’s legislative representation. Furthermore, the correlation between the termination of civil wars and women’s legislative representation appears specific to the context of sub-Saharan Africa. No conclusive evidence supports this relationship as a global phenomenon.

African values as natural drivers of global citizenship

This article discusses the place of the concept of global citizenship within the context of African values. It holds that if the modern concept of global citizenship education as espoused by UNESCO and other global organisations is relatively recent, the same concept is ancient within the context of sub-Saharan Africa and it is subsumed within African values. The article argues that the search for a universal theory of global citizenship education is yet to yield any positive result and it critiques the three methodologies so far adopted in promoting global citizenship education across the world. The article concludes that whilst modern global citizenship education is tied to the material world and the benefits derivable therefrom, the concept of global citizenship education advanced by at least five African values is rooted in the depth of humanity from where it rises to smoothen human relations and sooth the pains caused by human avarice.

Peri-urban food insecurity and coping strategies among farm households in the face of rapid urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Ethiopia

A growing body of literature discusses food insecurity in rural and urban contexts in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Peri-urban food insecurity and coping strategies remain an understudied topic. To fill this gap, household cross-sectional survey data was collected from randomly selected 300 farm households in the peri-urban area of Jimma City and complemented with key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) to assess their food insecurity status and coping strategies in the face of rapid urbanization. A structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from farm households while an unstructured questionnaire was used to gather qualitative data from key informants. Twelve indicators involving the four food insecurity dimensions were identified to develop a food insecurity index and categorize households into four food insecurity levels. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is employed to determine the most important indicators of household food insecurity. The ordered probit regression model was employed to ascertain significant factors affecting farming household food insecurity. The results revealed that 46% of peri-urban farm households were food-insecure at various levels. The household food insecurity status varied with their level of human capital, physical endowments, risk aversion behaviour, and institutional barriers. The expansion of built-up areas and marketable crops, particularly eucalyptus trees have greatly affected the food security status of peri-urban farm households. Income diversification, farming diversification, social ties, and farming specialization were the main food insecurity coping strategies of peri-urban farm households. The findings of this study highlighted insights into the urban expansion of medium-sized cities and agricultural land loss, marginalization of staple food crops, and market food prices increase, which resulted in increased vulnerability to food insecurity and poverty among farm households in peri-urban areas. The recommendations drawn from these findings are formulating strategies that preserve agricultural land-use and promoting food insecurity mitigation programs that capitalize on the coping strategies of households in peri-urban areas in the face of rapid urbanization.

The role of the community of purpose in maternal mHealth interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa context.

mHealth has increasingly been touted as having the potential to help Sub-Saharan Africa achieve their health-related sustainable development goals by reducing maternal mortality rates. Such interventions are implemented as one-way or two-way systems where maternal clients receive pregnancy related information via SMS. While such technologies often view the users (the maternal health client) as having agency to adopt, we know from pregnancy literature that the pregnancy experience in Africa and other developing countries is often more collective. In addition to the maternal health client, other members of the community have high stakes in the pregnancy, and this often affects maternal healthcare-seeking behavior. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to understand the pathways through which these other members of the community affect mHealth use. The study used a qualitative approach and a case study research design. We analyzed two mHealth cases from Kenya and Malawi. In the Kenyan case, maternal health clients had mobile phones to receive pregnancy-related messages, while in the Malawi case, maternal health clients did not have mobile phones. Data were collected through interviews and focus group discussions. The study used an inductive thematic analysis to analyze the data. The findings show that maternal stakeholders form a community of purpose (CoP) that plays a crucial role in the implementation, uptake, and use of mHealth. The CoP influences maternal health clients through a diverse range of mechanisms ranging from sensitization, bridging the digital literacy gap and legitimization of the intervention. The nature of influence is largely dependent on the contextual socio-cultural nuances. Our results provide useful insights to mHealth implementers to know how best to leverage the CoP for better mHealth uptake and usage. For example, engaging healthcare providers could champion adoption and use, while engaging other family-related stakeholders will ensure better usage and compliance, encourage behavior change, and reduce mHealth attrition.

Democracy and Inclusive Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa

This research explores the link between democracy and inclusive growth in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A fixed-effects model is used to analyse how the Freedom in the World Index (FIW) score, along with other economic, institutional, and demographic factors, affects a composite index of inclusive growth. The findings challenge the simplistic notion that democratic improvements directly lead to more inclusive growth. Overall, the FIW score exhibits a negative association with inclusive growth across SSA. However, further analysis reveals a potential threshold effect. For countries with highly developed democratic institutions (high FIW score), the FIW score is not statistically significant. Conversely, for countries with less developed democracies (low FIW score), the FIW score has a negative and significant coefficient. This latter finding might be due to reverse causality, where economic decline prompts calls for democratic reforms. For future research, it may be necessary to look deeper into the threshold effect and explore alternative measures of democracy relevant to the SSA context. Additionally, analysing the influence of specific democratic features on various dimensions of inclusive growth (economic, social, and sustainability) could be fruitful. Finally, policymakers should consider the specific level of democratic development in each SSA country when formulating policies aimed at fostering inclusive growth. This study contributes to a nuanced understanding of how democratic institutions can be leveraged to achieve equitable and sustainable development in SSA.

Determinants of Health Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Further Evidence from Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) Approach

A nation’s progress is largely influenced by its state of health. This is so because a healthy people are not only able to work and support themselves, but are able to make a significant contribution to the socio-economic expansion and improvement to the community in which they reside. One of the major limitations to achieving the above fit is the increasing health disparity in the larger ecosystemn. And, despite the several initiatives and programmes developed to narrow the growing health gap across the various social strata among individuals around the world, it still persists. Motivated by the need to bridge this rising health gap, this study examines the determinants of health dispraities within the context of sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2004 to 2022, using the panel feasible/estimated generalised least squares. The results revealed that while public health spending per capita, income per capita, and health-oriented net official development assistance negatively and statistically impacted on health inequality, unemployment and income poverty positively and significantly impacted on health inequality in sub-Saharan Africa. Accordingly, the paper recommends, amongst others, the urgent need for policy makers in SSA region to pay greater attention to budgetry allocations to the health sector for the provision of health insurance and quality and affordable healthcare services. Such efforts should be complemented with the formulation of workable, active, measurable and employment-based policies across SSA region, aimed at creating stable and profitable jobs for the unemployed and under-employed masses.

Burnout among Health Educators in Sub-saharan Africa: A Comparative Study

This paper on burnout among health educators provided a comparative analysis of this burnout phenomenon within the context of sub-Saharan Africa with focus on Ghanaian health educators. The paper revealed that the root causes of burnout among health educators in Sub-Saharan Africa are multifaceted. Firstly, these professionals often face heavy workloads and long working hours due to understaffing and limited resources. This leads to chronic stress and exhaustion, ultimately resulting in burnout. Additionally, inadequate training and professional development opportunities contribute to feelings of frustration and disillusionment among health educators. Ghana has taken some steps to address burnout among health educators. The government has implemented policies aimed at improving working conditions, such as increasing staffing levels and providing better resources for healthcare facilities. Additionally, efforts have been made to enhance training programs for health educators, ensuring they have the necessary skills and knowledge to perform their duties effectively. However, despite these efforts, there are still inadequacies in addressing burnout effectively. One major challenge is the lack of mental health support services for healthcare professionals. Burnout often leads to mental health issues such as depression and anxiety but access to counseling or therapy services is limited or non-existent in many parts of Sub-Saharan Africa. Other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have also recognized the importance of addressing burnout among health educators. Some have implemented similar strategies as Ghana, while others have focused on promoting a healthy work-life balance through flexible working hours and regular breaks. In conclusion, burnout among health educators is a significant problem in Sub-Saharan Africa, with Ghana being particularly affected. The statistics highlight the urgency of addressing this issue. While Ghana has made some progress in tackling burnout, there are still inadequacies that need to be addressed, such as the lack of mental health support services. Other countries in the region have also taken steps to address burnout, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive and collaborative approach to combat this issue effectively.

An effectuation approach to sustainable entrepreneurship

Purpose This paper aims to explain the occurrence of sustainable entrepreneurship in the underresearched sub-Saharan Africa context and to improve the understanding of how effectuation manifests in this context. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a qualitative research approach based on multiple case studies. Responses were sourced from owners, employees, suppliers, the community and customers of sustainable entrepreneurial firms. Data collection methods included in-depth interviews, document reviews and observations. The Gioia analytical approach was used. Findings Overall, the authors find the concept of effectuation to be well-suited to capturing the processes through which individuals with limited means seek to engage in sustainable entrepreneurship. The authors also identify three pervasive practices that are key to understanding effectuation in the developing country context: complementation of indigenous knowledge with modern science, compassion and pluriactivity. Practical implications This study underscores the importance of co-creation, diversification of revenue sources and the role of emotional awareness and interpersonal skills in entrepreneurial endeavors. Originality/value This study, therefore, contributes new knowledge about the mechanisms through which entrepreneurs faced with resource constraints use control as opposed to prediction strategies to exploit sustainable entrepreneurship opportunities. In so doing, this study contributes to entrepreneurship theory by proposing the integration of cognitive and affective dimensions in realizing sustainable entrepreneurship goals.

Prostate cancer genetic risk and associated aggressive disease in men of African ancestry

African ancestry is a significant risk factor for prostate cancer and advanced disease. Yet, genetic studies have largely been conducted outside the context of Sub-Saharan Africa, identifying 278 common risk variants contributing to a multiethnic polygenic risk score, with rare variants focused on a panel of roughly 20 pathogenic genes. Based on this knowledge, we are unable to determine polygenic risk or differentiate prostate cancer status interrogating whole genome data for 113 Black South African men. To further assess for potentially functional common and rare variant associations, here we interrogate 247,780 exomic variants for 798 Black South African men using a case versus control or aggressive versus non-aggressive study design. Notable genes of interest include HCP5, RFX6 and H3C1 for risk, and MKI67 and KLF5 for aggressive disease. Our study highlights the need for further inclusion across the African diaspora to establish African-relevant risk models aimed at reducing prostate cancer health disparities.