Argentine Context Research Articles

Adaptation and validation of the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) scale to the argentine context

Adaptation and validation of the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) scale to the argentine context

Psychoanalysis and psychedelics: The censored story in Argentina

This essay examines the combination of psychoanalytic therapy and psychedelic substances in mid-20th century Argentina. Through document analysis, it examines the intersection of psychedelics and psychoanalysis, drawing from historical texts and writings by local psychoanalysts to develop a comprehensive understanding of the distinctive clinical practices and therapeutic approaches in the Argentine context. It details the experimental use of these substances, the clinical practices developed, and the professional and societal challenges encountered. Notably, psychoanalysts Luisa de Álvarez de Toledo, Alberto Tallaferro, and Alberto Fontana conducted pioneering research, exploring the therapeutic potential of these substances and publishing their findings in academic papers and books. According to these psychoanalysts, the use of psychedelic drugs in therapy could enhance transference, catalyze catharsis, and circumvent unconscious defenses, allowing for a vivid exploration of the patient's psyche that necessitated interpretation. Despite the innovative nature of this work, resistance from within the Argentine Psychoanalytic Association led to the eventual cessation of psychedelic research in this country. The essay calls for a reconsideration of the psychoanalytic community's relationship with psychedelics, emphasizing the potential for renewed dialogue and incorporation of these substances in contemporary therapeutic practices. In conclusion, this article sheds light on an overlooked chapter of psychoanalysis in a local setting and serves as a call for future explorations in broader scenarios. The resurgence of interest in psychedelics for mental health treatment presents an opportunity for psychoanalysts to engage with emerging research, enriching both theory and practice.

Returns, Marches and Countermarches: The Agony for Truth and Justice

The present research aims to describe and characterize the actions in the reparation processes of Grandmothers of Plaza de Mayo, and Mothers and Relatives of Disappeared Detainees, in Argentina and Uruguay respectively, in the period from 2005 to 2015, in the face of the effects of political violence and state terrorism. It is proposed to make visible what the organizations' actions have been to influence advances in reparations, with special emphasis on concrete actions in contexts of self-styled "progressive" governments. A qualitative research is proposed, with the substantive use of the technique of documentary analysis and in-depth interviews for data collection, and for the analysis of said data we proceeded through discourse analysis. The results indicate that the central axes linked to comprehensive reparation in each organization are oriented towards: psychosocial reparation, accompaniment in the search process, progress at the legal level, recognition by the State of its responsibility before the crimes committed, the clarification of the truth, especially in the awareness of young people, with an educational paradigm that encourages education for memory. Reparatory mechanisms have manifested themselves in a similar way in the contexts of political progressivism, both in Argentina and Uruguay. However, the Argentine context has established a greater deployment of policies, with a special focus on the restitution of rights, and guarantees of non-repetition, developing an instituting policy promoted by the human rights movement. In the Uruguayan case, although progressivism enabled the creation of new institutions, providing new spaces and a budget to respond to the citizenship and mainly to the victims' relatives, for truth, justice and reparation, these have been poorly satisfactory measures, in where there is still a consolidation of policies, demanded by the human rights movement.

Evaluation of the potential impact and cost-effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prevention strategies for infants in Argentina

Background. New interventions are available for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in young infants. We aimed to assess the potential impact and cost-effectiveness of using a long-acting monoclonal antibody (RSV mAb) or maternal RSV vaccine in the Argentine context. Methods. We used a static proportionate outcomes model to calculate the costs and consequences of using RSV mAb or maternal RSV vaccine over a ten-year period (2025–2034) in Argentina, assuming both year-round and seasonal administration. We compared each intervention to no pharmaceutical RSV intervention. The primary outcome was the discounted cost per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted from a societal perspective. We assumed willingness-to-pay of US$ 12,285 per DALY averted (0.9 times the national gross domestic product per capita). We used population study data on costs and disease burden and the efficacy of clinical trials of both interventions as inputs. We ran deterministic and probabilistic uncertainty analyses. Findings. Either strategy (RSV mAb or maternal RSV vaccine) could prevent >25% of RSV deaths aged <5 years and ∼30% aged <6 months (the age group where most intervention impact occurs). With a dose price of $US 50, both products have a 100% probability of being cost-effective compared to no intervention (US$ 5283 [95%CI $5203–$5363] and US$ 5522 [95%CI $5427 – $5617] per DALY averted for year-round use of RSV mAb and maternal RSV vaccine, respectively). Similar health impact could be achieved by a six-month seasonal strategy, which could improve cost-effectiveness by around 45% (assuming the dose price is unchanged). Interpretation. Either RSV mAb or maternal RSV vaccine are worth consideration in Argentina when priced at ≤US$ 50 per dose. A seasonal strategy could improve cost-effectiveness.

The Winding Path of Depression in Argentina from Awareness to Functional Recovery

Background: Despite the huge global socioeconomic burden of depressive disorders, depression is often underreported and undertreated due to a lower level of awareness from both healthcare providers and payers in many countries. The lack of an evidence-based approach to care delivery has resulted in the inequitable allocation of health resources, causing resource scarcity issues in Argentina. Objective: The aim of this paper is to identify the gaps in evidence related to patients’ journeys and barriers in the existing care ecosystem contributing to poor access to quality care for depression in an Argentine context. Methods: A semi-systematic review of the literature was performed from 2012 to 2021 using Medline, Embase and Biosis and other unstructured sources (Google Scholar, the World Health Organization (WHO) website, Argentina Ministry of Health website, and Incidence and Prevalence Database (IPD) on awareness, screening, diagnosis, treatment, adherence and/or control of depression amongst adults (≥18 years). Any identified data gaps were supplemented with anecdotal data from local experts. Results: Low percentages of adult patients with depression awareness (&lt;25%), screening (&lt;10%), diagnosis (37.5%), received treatment (41.9%), adherence to treatment (37.5%), and control (37.5%) were observed. Conclusion: Ensuring a care continuum while considering full clinical remission with functional recovery as a therapeutic goal and advocacy for patient-centric adjustments in existing mental health policies would be key drivers for improving the depression care scenario.

Validation of vamping scale in Argentina: the role of procrastination and mobile phone use

ABSTRACT Technologies and social networks have modified the habits of their users, affecting their health and well-being. An exponent of these affectations of daily life is the phenomenon of vamping, this is the habit in which people use their mobile or computer during the night and early morning, with the consequence of symptoms such as insomnia, fatigue, and mood swings in those who practice it. In this paper, we propose a scale to assess the tendency to vamping in adults, for its validation in the Argentine context. With a sample of 1004 cases, whose mean age was 44.29 years (SD = 11.73) and a mean age of 18–65 years, with 51.89% (n = 521) being women and 48.11% men (n = 483). The scale showed an adequate consistency for 11 items and two dimensions. The first dimension is nocturnal habits, that is, the tendency to stay up late to surf the Internet and social networks, and the second dimension is behavioural commitment, that is, the affectation and daytime correlate caused by changes in sleep pattern.

Retención de Dígitos (WAIS III): validez convergente y normas para población argentina entre 40 y 91 años

The Digit Span is frequently used in the field of neuropsychological evaluation in Argentina. However, updated normative data and evidence of convergent validity in the Argentine context are lacking. The objective was to elaborate normative data for the Test of digits-WAIS III and to analyze its convergent validity in Argentina. A total of 306 Argentines participated (mean age=66.5 years, 40-91 years). Subjects with pathologies that compromised neuropsychological performance were excluded. The Digit Test-WAIS III, the MoCA and fluency tasks were administered, performing correlations and regression. Education improves performance on Digit Span, although the effect size is small. Age does not influence significantly. Norms with cut scores are provided by educational level. There were positive correlations between Digits Span, MoCA and fluency. In conclusion, this research supports the use of the Digits Span in the Argentine context by offering up-to-date normative and acceptable evidence of validity.

Analysis of Leadership Failures, Crises, and Scandals in Various Sectors and Contexts in Argentina

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the analysis of leadership failures, crises, and scandals in various sectors and contexts.&#x0D; Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.&#x0D; Findings: An analysis of leadership failures, crises, and scandals in Argentina reveals recurring patterns across various sectors and contexts. Instances of corruption, mismanagement, and lack of accountability have plagued political, corporate, and social spheres. The failure to address systemic issues has exacerbated economic instability and social unrest, undermining trust in leadership. These challenges underscore the pressing need for comprehensive reforms and ethical leadership to foster sustainable development and restore public confidence.&#x0D; Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Transformational leadership theory, contingency theory &amp; ethical leadership theory may be used to anchor future studies on the analysis of leadership failures, crises, and scandals in various sectors and contexts. Encourage practitioners to consider the perspectives of various stakeholders when analyzing leadership failures and developing strategies for crisis management and stakeholder engagement. Develop evidence-based policy recommendations aimed at preventing leadership failures and promoting effective leadership practices.

Prospect theory in the financial decision-making process: an empirical study of two Argentine universities

PurposeThis paper aims to provide empirical evidence for using the prospect theory (PT) basic assumptions in the Argentine context. Mainly, this study analysed the financial decision-making process in students of the economic-administrative academic area of two universities, one public and one private, in Córdoba.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis methodology included (1) the descriptive statistical analysis to identify the presence of the certainty, reflection and isolation effects; (2) the construction of a set of indicators on the application of the PT; (3) the chi-squared independence test, to determine if the decisions made are independent of the degree course taken; (4) the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test, to determine if the decisions made by individuals vary according to the semesters taken or students' levels of progress; and (5) the non-parametric Mann–Whitney test, to determine if there are differences between the decisions made by men and women.FindingsThe empirical results provided evidence on the effects of certainty, reflection and isolation in both universities, concluding that the study participants make financial decisions in situations of uncertainty based more on PT than on expected utility theory.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the empirical evidence in a different Latin-American context, confirming that individuals make financial decisions based on the PT independently of their degree course, semester, level of advance, gender or the kind of university where they belong (public or private).

Validation of the Perceived Phubbing Scale to the Argentine Context

In recent years, the increased use of mobile devices has changed social dynamics. One such change is the rise of phubbing, described as the behavior of ignoring someone in order to pay attention to one's cell phone. The purpose of this research was to validate the Perceived Phubbing Scale (PPS) and examine its relationship with other psychological variables. An Argentine sample was composed of 1608 participants aged between 18 and 65 (M = 45.59; SD 14.03), with 51.6% identifying as female. They were provided with a phubbing scale, along with scales to measure emotional disconnection, fear of missing out (FoMO) and social exclusion, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The results indicated that the PPS showed an adequate fit to the data, based on a structure of one factor (X2(20) = 259.353, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.958; IFI = 0.958; RMSEA = 0.089) and the internal consistency (α = 0.93), resulting in a nine-item scale. Participants with high or medium levels of phubbing showed a tendency to suffer FoMO or feel socially excluded or socially isolated. We did not find differences in the levels of phubbing related to the participant's age, gender, or socioeconomic level. It is possible to conclude that PPS can be used as a reliable measure to evaluate perceived phubbing in Argentina. Implications of the variables studied are discussed as possible predictors of phubbing and are to be considered in its approach.

Three verbal fluency tasks: Normative data and convergent validity in Argentines over 50 years.

The aim of this study was to obtain Argentine norms for three verbal fluency tasks and to analyze their convergent validity. Using a nonprobability sampling method, 303 Argentines from a nonclinical population (age mean=66.8, 50-91 years) were recruited to participate in this study. Those with medical conditions that could compromise neuropsychological performance were excluded. Three verbal fluency tasks (i.e., phonological, semantic, and action), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test, and the Digit Span-WAIS III test were administered. Correlations and multiple regressions were subsequently performed. Education and age significantly explained 11.8% of the variance in phonological fluency, 15.8% of the variance in semantic fluency, and 20.2% of the variance in action fluency. Hence, the normative data varied according to educational level and age group, with normal performance limit values between 9 and 14 for phonological fluency, 11 and 18 for semantic fluency, and 8 and 17 for action fluency. Positive correlations were obtained between all verbal fluency tasks, as well as between the MoCA test and the Digit Span test. This study supports the applicability of three verbal fluency tasks in an Argentine context by providing age- and education-corrected norms and acceptable evidence of convergent validity.

Labor market insertion, management and training by competencies: a current view in the Argentine context

University management by nursing schools should be oriented to facilitate the labor insertion of their graduates by evaluating the efficiency of the training system, determining whether the final competencies of the nursing student are at the level required in the labor practice, allowing the identification of real learning needs. Within the framework of the information and knowledge society and the social demands regarding professional practices, the meaning of education based on the Napoleonic model that sustains a conception based on the thought of training for the world of work, thus the academy is linked to produce adjustments of the curricular designs to respond in a macro-educational way to the socio-cultural determinations and at the same time to create added value in the profile of the graduates. The objective of this panoramic review is to analyze the professional competencies of nursing graduates and their relationship with labor market insertion, with special emphasis on the Argentine context. Encouraging the inclusion of more nurses, through labor and educational policies and incentives for university professional training, may be a first step to reduce labor intensity and improve the quality of care. In addition, promoting the demands of this group of workers in the unions that represent them, providing greater visibility for their demands in order to improve their labor rights, is also an important step on this path.

The role of nursing in intercultural health: challenges in the Argentine context

The aim of interculturality is to build a more democratic society through the conceptualization, description and evaluation of patterns of appropriation and reconstruction of meaning among different human groups. This scientific article aims to describe the role of nursing in intercultural health, with special emphasis on the challenges in the Argentinean context. Nursing is a profession that is changing the ways of approaching health from different roles, if current approaches are taken into account, given that different social groups demand in relation to their belief systems, and how they perceive themselves in different socio-cultural and historical contexts. Interculturality expands our performance in the field of health and education, creating new specialties that will take shape in our research advances, so it is important to invest sustainably for our full development, scientific, technological and human, in order to provide a better quality of life for all humanity and all existences of life, to value and create awareness of the cosmogony of all origins

Aggressions suffered and determinants of physical and non-physical violence towards nursing staff by patients and accompanying persons

Introduction: the relationship between healthcare personnel and those accompanying patients can give rise to cases of aggressiveness in relation to an accumulation of misunderstandings, resentments or fears, which should be detected and defused before they could give rise to aggression. Objective: to analyze the determinants of physical and non-physical violence towards health personnel by patients and accompanying persons. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out. The scope of the study included the nursing staff working in the pediatric critical areas of a hospital in the Buenos Aires metropolitan area. The study included a sample of 63 units of analysis. Results: the sample was predominantly female (76,2 %), with an average age of 45,3 years and a predominance of 66,7 % of the personnel with a degree in nursing. A total of 90,5 % had a history of violence by patients and/or companions. The most frequent type of violence was insults (73,7 %). The result of the application of the model based on Cronbach's alpha in our sample was 0,863. Conclusions: a considerable number of nursing staff experience verbal abuse, threats and physical abuse. This study contributes to the general understanding of violence in the nursing field in the Argentine context; however, more knowledge is needed on the consequences of workplace violence and its implications through the development of multicenter studies or with larger populations

Parenting and Children's Behavior During the COVID 19 Pandemic: Mother's Perspective.

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, many parents have felt anxious, overwhelmed, and stressed out due to the changes in education and family and working routines. This work aimed to (a) describe three dimensions of perceived parenting (positive parenting, parenting stress, and parental school support) in the COVID-19 pandemic context, (b) describe possible changes perceived by mothers in their children’s behavior during the social isolation phase, (c) analyze if behavioral changes vary according to the dimension of perceived parenting, and (d) analyze whether the characteristics of perceived parenting dimensions vary with mother’s age, number of children and number of work hours. The purposive sample consisted of 646 mothers of school-aged children in Argentina. Questionnaires on sociodemographic and work-related data, and on children’s behavior were administered, as well as an instrument (Vargas Rubilar et al., 2021) that assessed the three parenting dimensions (positive parenting, parenting stress, and parent-school support). The sociodemographic and work-related variables of the study were described using descriptive statistics: measures of central tendency, frequencies, and percentages. The changes perceived in children’s behavior according to the reports given by the mothers regarding positive parenting, parenting stress, and school support were compared using the Mann Whitney’s U test, respecting the qualitative nature of the evaluated indicators. A factorial MANOVA was conducted to analyze the effect of mother’s age, ä number of children, and the number of work hours on parenting perceived by mothers. Parenting dimensions influenced the perceived children’s behavior. Mothers with higher positive parenting perceived more changes in their children’s behavior. In addition, those mothers who were more stressed out perceived more problems in almost all the measured behaviors than less stressed mothers. The mothers who reported to have provided more school support to their children perceived that they adapted better to online classes. Finally, mothers’ age and the number of children I parenting, particularly on parenting stress and school support, whereas work hours did not. A number of children affected stress and school support, and age only affected parenting stress. The only significant interaction regarding parenting was observed between the number of children and the number of work hours, which specifically affected parenting stress. Although social isolation due to COVID-19 affected children’s behavior, according to mothers, this might be partially linked to the number of children, mothers’ age, and the mothers’ parenting style. These initial findings may allow the identification of some protective factors and some risk factors of parenting in the Argentine context of a pandemic, and the design of preventive psychoeducational interventions to optimize the psychological wellbeing of families.

Starring Ricardo Darín: National Identity and Masculinity in Films by Juan José Campanella and Pablo Trapero

Ricardo Darín has become the somewhat unlikely middle-aged poster boy of Argentine cinema of the first quarter of the twenty-first century. In the Argentine context, this same period is marked by the economic crisis of 2001 and the celebrations of the country’s bicentenary in 2010, both of which raise important questions about national identity. This article will examine the films Darín made with Juan José Campanella and Pablo Trapero in order to consider the ways in which his star status is used as a way to reflect or comment upon certain questions that seem to occupy the national psyche and to engage with forms of masculinity, whether that be to represent them, reify them, or indeed do both simultaneously. In the four films he made with Campanella, Darín plays an affable middle-class man who is somehow an outsider. The fact that by the end of the films all four characters have found some closure and experience a sense of a new beginning attests to the strength of middle-class masculinity as an identity category. Both his characters die at the end of the two films with Trapero. These characters are also outsiders, but Trapero uses Darín’s star status to draw attention to broader social issues within Argentine society. Ultimately, both directors rely upon Darín’s off-screen persona to aid characterization and link their protagonists to national issues and questions of national identities.

Plurality of Voices in Reflecting Upon the Research Process: Trajectories of Collaboration in an Argentinian Setting

This article describes the trajectories of collaboration experienced by three individuals in three different roles (informant, research assistant, and supervisor) in two research projects about English as a foreign language reading in a higher education context in Argentina. Data come from reflection logs and retrospective narratives written by them from 2009 to 2016 which were analyzed using content analysis, focusing on a continuum of collaboration. The article aligns with the critique of the discourse of “newer researcher” as a linear developmental trajectory as it illustrates the participants’ fluid, critical, complex, and personally relevant pathways. Placed within the debate regarding the affordances, complexities and challenges of the measured university, this research contributes perspectives from a peripheral setting generally underrepresented in the literature.

Adaptation and validation of the self-compassion scale (SCS) in an argentine context

Adaptation and validation of the self-compassion scale (SCS) in an argentine context

La asistencia social en tiempos de pandemia

The article Social assistance in times of pandemic is part of a collection of 25 texts written over the years by Professor Norberto Alayón, one of the leading intellectuals in the field of Latin American social work. The text presented was originally published in the book entitled Recapitulating: my contributions to Social Work (2022), under the Editorial Fundación La Hendija. It is reproduced with the permission of both the author and the publisher. Through this writing, Alayón, starting from the Argentine context, but with direct implications for the rest of the countries of our Latin America, reflects on the importance of recognizing assistance as a right, particularly given the effects that neoliberal capitalism has on the generation of poverty and inequality. In this way, the author raises the responsibility of the State in the repair of social problems, united with the search for a more dignified and humane society.

La justicia juvenil restaurativa en Argentina: Discursos y dilemas de un enfoque en ebullición

This paper analyses the web of meaning that run through the discourses of different juvenile justice actors who promote the use of the restorative approach in Argentina. The findings are discussed within the paradoxical Argentine context, in which advances of rights coexist with punitive demands. The materials analysed arise from empirical research carried out between 2016 and 2019.