Page Content Research Articles

Cover and Content Page Vol. 47(1)

Abstract not available BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2023; VOL 47 (1) : i

Antivaccine, denialist, and conspiracy theorist content on Facebook. An analysis of the No to the New World Order page

Introduction. Antivaccine, denialist, and conspiracy ideas are generally part of an ecosystem of beliefs reinforcing each other. With the advent of covid-19, these ideas figure among the main disinformation contents of counter-official discourses. The article aims to characterize the contents of the Facebook page ‘No to the New World Order’. Method. The content analysis method was employed for the 625 publications on the page during the period studied (October 2020 to January 2022). Analysis. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis, the topic modeling technique, and the Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm. Results. Covid-19 was the main focus of the analysed posts (68%). Many posts criticised government measures, while others alleged censorship and media manipulation of unofficial covid-19 information. Additionally, the posts asserted that the pandemic is part of a New World Order promoted by elites. Conservative ideas were also found, alongside the criticism of health, economic, and financial organisations. The most liked posts included two videos: one about a strike by health workers in France and another criticising vaccines. Conclusions. Based on the published content, it can be observed that 'No to the New World Order' serves as a platform for criticizing pandemic management across all fronts. However, this space does not accommodate divergent opinions, criteria, or perspectives, nor does it offer criticism or questioning of the accuracy of shared content. These conditions foster misinformation and polarization on the issue.

Deciphering the Radiation Dose Summary Page in Interventional Fluoroscopy.

Fluoroscopy is an advanced medical imaging modality that utilizes x-rays to acquire real-time images throughout a medical examination. It is commonly used in various procedures such as in interventional radiology, cardiac catheterization, and gastrointestinal and genitourinary studies. While fluoroscopy is a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tool, it exposes patients and medical staff to ionizing radiation, which carries health risks. A radiation dose summary page is a report generated by the fluoroscope that displays important information about the procedure. It provides an overview of the radiation doses administered during a fluoroscopic procedure, as well as certain technical parameters used during the irradiation events. The contents of a radiation dose summary page may vary depending on the make and model of the fluoroscope but some common elements include the cumulative reference air kerma, which serves as a surrogate of radiation dose delivered to the patient, and the dose-area product, which takes account of the x-ray beam area and is a measure of the total amount of energy imparted on the patient. Other imaging acquisition parameters may be also included in the dose summary page, including tube voltage, tube current, pulse width, pulse rate, spectral filters, primary and secondary angles, and source-to-image distance. The radiation dose summary page for fluoroscopy is a useful tool for physicians, technologists, and medical physicists, allowing them to comprehend the technical details of a fluoroscopically guided procedure. ©RSNA, 2024.

Internal Medicine and Internal Medicine-Pediatrics Residency Program Website Traffic Patterns Across Two Institutions and Five Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) Cycles.

Background Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spring 2020, medical residency program recruitment has become increasingly web-based due to the transition to virtual interviews. Although social media use by residency programs has soared during this time, applicant surveys show that official program websites remain the most used online resource. According to survey-based studies, the content that applicants favor on program websites tends to mirror their priorities in choosing programs. However, it is unclear whether applicant-reported priorities in program choice and website content truly drive program website traffic. In this analysis, we will elucidate website traffic patterns from two Internal Medicine residency programs and two Internal Medicine-Pediatrics programs, both in terms of the thematic content of high-traffic pages and changes in traffic patterns throughout the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) application cycle. We will provide novel, data-driven guidance to residency program leadership regarding website content. Methodology For each of the four programs included in the analysis, total pageviews on a monthly basis were obtained for the annual ERAS application cycles taking place from 2017 through 2022. For one Internal Medicine program, data was only available for its current website from 2020 to 2022. The mean monthly pageviews were calculated for each page within each website. The total site traffic trends across each year and within high-traffic months were totaled as well. Results As expected, the highest traffic period for all programs in all years was the days before the application deadline, with a secondary, smaller spike in traffic around Match Day. In general, the most popular pages for all four programs were thematically in line with the top five applicant priorities in the 2022 National Resident Matching Program applicant survey, namely, geographic location, goodness of fit, program reputation, work/life balance, and current program residents. Three of the websites featured unique content that unexpectedly proved to be as popular as the top survey-reported topics, such as pages related to a new major clinical site, a new integrated subspecialty pathway, and, most profoundly, a pipeline program for certain applicants from groups that are underrepresented in medicine. Alumni career content was also heavily trafficked across all four programs. Conclusions Program directors should plan twice-yearly updates to residency program websites, timed to be finished by the start of the ERAS cycle in the fall, and again just before Match Day in March. Program directors should include specific, up-to-date information about unique program features. Future research should incorporate a more diverse variety of programs, software-based page content analysis, and traffic source data.

Early Detection of Phishing Sites with Enhanced Neural Network Models

Phishing is a digital crime committed with the aim of obtaining personal data by creating a link or website that resembles the original. This form of cyber attack is caused by a notification in a text message, email, or phone call. A common anti-phishing countermeasure technique is to perform early detection of potentially phishing sites, primarily according to the source code features, which are required to traverse web page content, as well as third parties that slow down the process of clarifying phishing URLs. Although the latest technology has long been used in phishing early detection, there is still a need for manual feature engineering that is important and reliable enough to detect emerging phishing offenses. One of these involves training a neural network (NN) using a dataset of known phishing URLs and legitimate URLs. The research was conducted using 200 data, Data were separated into training and testing categories. Training was done using 100 and 120 data. Training results on 100 data and 160 data had lower iterations and errors on the tanh activation function compared to the logistic activation function. The number of iterations that occur in logistic activation is as many as 400 iterations, while when using the tanh activation function only 175 iterations are needed.

CREATION OF WEB BROWSER USING PyQt5

A web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. The information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) and may be a web page, image, video, or other piece of content. In these project our major goal is to create a web browser using only PYQt5. The PyQt5 is one of the GUI Toolkit of applications of python programming language. PyQt5 is cross-platform GUI toolkit. One can develop an interactive desktop application with so much ease because of the tools and simplicity provided by this library. A GUI application consists of Front-end and Back-end. PyQt5 has provided a tool called ‘Qt Designer’ to design the front-end by drag and drop method so that development can become faster and one can give more time on back-end stuff. It shows an sample browser like Google with some extra features like home , reload, back ,forward and moreover it is easy for creating a browser with PyQt5,by using this library the most useful thing for engineers to code reducibility..

К вопросу об иконографической программе титульного листа и фронтисписа Елизаветинской Библии

The Elizabethan Bible (after the Empress Elizabeth Petrovna) is commonly referred to as the Bible, which was edited in preparation for a new edition and first published in St. Petersburg in 1751. The first edition of the codex included only a part of the Synodal project of illustration. The engraved title page and frontispiece with a complex symbolic and allegorical program are considered in this article. Both engravings were created by the masters of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. For the first time, the article publishes archival sources that are important for the interpretation of the iconographic program of engravings. Verbal descriptions (“projects”) were prepared by the Synod for the artist I. E. Grimmel. He made ink drawings based on them. The frame of the title page with the Eagle of Russia, medallions on biblical subjects and panoramas of the Moscow Kremlin and the Peter and Paul Fortress, as well as a portrait frontispiece depicting Empress Elizabeth in front of the sacralized images of her parents Peter the Great and Catherine I are ideologically connected. The heraldic composition of the frame of the title page containing state symbols, and the frontispiece, reminiscent of “allegory for the Succession to the Throne”, glorify in artistic images the “new” God-chosen Russia, raised to an unattainable height by the genius of Peter the Great, and continuing in his “offspring” — daughter Elizabeth, inheriting “the Scepter, the Orb and the Throne of her Father”. The ideological content of the title page and frontispiece of the Elizabethan Bible, as follows from the published archival source, was strictly determined by the Synod. This Synodal program is considered in article in the context of the development of the genre of church panegyric in the first half — middle of the XVIII century.

Developing Decision Tree for Measuring Impact of Errors in Web Page Content using Data Mining Techniques

Developing Decision Tree for Measuring Impact of Errors in Web Page Content using Data Mining Techniques

Emotional showdown on social media: analyzing user reactions to the 2016 US presidential campaign

Purpose Social media platforms are highly visible platforms, so politicians try to maximize their benefits from their use, especially during election campaigns. On the other side, people express their views and sentiments toward politicians and political issues on social media, thus enabling them to observe their online political behavior. Therefore, this study aims to investigate user reactions on social media during the 2016 US presidential campaign to decide which candidate invoked stronger emotions on social media. Design/methodology/approach For testing the proposed hypotheses regarding emotional reactions to social media content during the 2016 presidential campaign, regression analysis was used to analyze a data set that consists of Trump’s 996 posts and Clinton’s 1,253 posts on Facebook. The proposed regression models are based on viral (likes, shares, comments) and emotional Facebook reactions (Angry, Haha, Sad, Surprise, Wow) as well as Russell’s valence, arousal, dominance (VAD) circumplex model for valence, arousal and dominance. Findings The results of regression analysis indicate how Facebook users felt about both presidential candidates. For Clinton’s page, both positive and negative content are equally liked, while Trump’s followers prefer funny and positive emotions. For both candidates, positive and negative content influences the number of comments. Trump’s followers mostly share positive content and the content that makes them angry, while Clinton’s followers share any content that does not make them angry. Based on VAD analysis, less dominant content, with high arousal and more positive emotions, is more liked on Trump’s page, where valence is a significant predictor for commenting and sharing. More positive content is more liked on Clinton’s page, where both positive and negative emotions with low arousal are correlated to commenting and sharing of posts. Originality/value Building on an empirical data set from Facebook, this study shows how differently the presidential candidates communicated on social media during the 2016 election campaign. According to the findings, Trump used a hard campaign strategy, while Clinton used a soft strategy.

Web Page Ranking Based on Text Content and Link Information Using Data Mining Techniques

Thanks to the rapid expansion of the Internet, anyone can now access a vast array of information online. However, as the volume of web content continues to grow exponentially, search engines face challenges in delivering relevant results. Early search engines primarily relied on the words or phrases found within web pages to index and rank them. While this approach had its merits, it often resulted in irrelevant or inaccurate results. To address this issue, more advanced search engines began incorporating the hyperlink structures of web pages to help determine their relevance. While this method improved retrieval accuracy to some extent, it still had limitations, as it did not consider the actual content of web pages. The objective of the work is to enhance Web Information Retrieval methods by leveraging three key components: text content analysis, link analysis, and log file analysis. By integrating insights from these multiple data sources, the goal is to achieve a more accurate and effective ranking of relevant web pages in the retrieved document set, ultimately enhancing the user experience and delivering more precise search results the proposed system was tested with both multi-word and single-word queries, and the results were evaluated using metrics such as relative recall, precision, and F-measure. When compared to Google’s PageRank algorithm, the proposed system demonstrated superior performance, achieving an 81% mean average precision, 56% average relative recall, and a 66% F-measure.

Investigating pedagogical agents' scaffolding of self‐regulated learning in relation to learners' subgoals

AbstractIntelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) incorporate pedagogical agents (PAs) to scaffold learners' self‐regulated learning (SRL) via prompts and feedback to promote learners' monitoring and regulation of their cognitive, affective, metacognitive and motivational processes to achieve their (sub)goals. This study examines PAs' effectiveness in scaffolding and teaching SRL during learning with MetaTutor, an ITS on the human circulatory system. Undergraduates (N = 118) were randomly assigned to a condition: Control Condition (i.e. learners could only self‐initiate SRL strategies) and Prompt and Feedback Condition (i.e. PAs prompted learners to engage in SRL). Learners' log‐file data captured when strategies were used, the initiator of the strategy (i.e. learner and PA), and the relevance of instructional content pages in relation to learner subgoals. While results showed that PAs were effective scaffolders of SRL in which they prompted learners to engage in SRL strategies more when content was relevant towards their subgoals and as time on page and task increased, there were mixed findings about the effectiveness of PAs as teachers of SRL. Findings show how production rules guiding PA prompts can improve their scaffolding and teaching of SRL across the learning task – through contextualizing SRL strategies to the instructional content and in relation to the relevance of the content to learners' subgoals.Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic Most learners struggle to efficiently and effectively use self‐regulated learning (SRL) strategies to attain goals and subgoals. There is a need for SRL to be scaffolded for learners to manage multiple goals and subgoals while learning about complex STEM topics. Intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) typically incorporate pedagogical agents (PAs) to prompt learners to engage in SRL strategy and provide feedback. There are mixed findings on the effectiveness of PAs in scaffolding learners' SRL. What this paper adds We consider PAs not only scaffolders but also teachers of SRL. Results showed that while PAs encouraged the use of SRL strategies when the content was relevant to subgoals, they did not discourage the use of SRL strategies when the content was not relevant. Results for this study were mixed in their support of PAs as teachers of SRL. Learners increasingly depended on PAs to prompt SRL strategies as time on task progressed. Implications for practice and/or policy PAs are effective scaffolders of SRL with more research needed to understand their role as teachers of SRL. PA scaffolding is more essential as time on task progresses. When deploying specific cognitive and metacognitive SRL strategies, the relevance of the content to learners' subgoals should be taken into account.

An international study of diversity in occupational therapy research- A bibliographic review of English research literature.

The cornerstone of a strong profession is the research that supports its knowledge base and practice. However, little is known about the range of international occupational therapy research. To explore the range and diversity of the international occupational therapy research from published peer reviewed literature in English during the year 2018. Limited to 2018, a review was conducted of sources from i) health-related search engines using search terms associated with occupational therapy practice, and ii) content pages of occupational therapy publications. Articles were excluded if they i) had no occupational therapy author, ii) were not peer reviewed, iii) not in English, and iv) did not include primary data collection (e.g., opinion pieces, position statements, study protocols). Of articles selected for analysis, data were extracted and synthesized according to the study's origin country, publishing research journal, the characteristics of the represented research, and its alignment with World Federation of Occupational Therapists research priorities. A total of 4,169 articles were retrieved from the search (i.e., 3,459 from health-related search engines and 710 through a manual search of occupational therapy journals). After exclusions, 2,345 articles were included for analysis. The review identified English published research was predominantly conducted in economically privileged countries. In addition, it revealed several research priorities that need further development such as evaluating the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions.

A Closer Look at MOOC Accessibility: Comparing Local and Global Platforms with WCAG 3.0 in Mind

This paper aims to assess the accessibility of various Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) provider platforms on both national and international scales and compare their adherence to the World Wide Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 3.0, as of the draft version released on June 8, 2021. The methodology involved the use of four automated tools for data collection and contrast: WAVE, LERA, ARC Toolkit, and A11Y. These automated processes were complemented by manual validation and the filtering of duplicated results. Furthermore, manual data collection was employed in instances where tools were insufficient, enhancing the comprehensiveness of the evaluation. Subsequently, a new quantitative scoring system was applied to the gathered data. The assessment focused on four critical activities: searching for a course, creating an account, enrolling in a course, and reviewing course content pages. These activities are deemed fundamental for accessing knowledge on the four platforms under scrutiny, encompassing two international providers (Coursera and edX) and two national platforms (CEC-EPN and MOOC UTPL). Results indicate that the international platforms chosen exhibit better accessibility than the national platforms. This comprehensive evaluation provides insights into the accessibility status of MOOC platforms and highlights areas for improvement in aligning with WCAG 3.0. The integration of automated evaluations with manual contributions proved essential for comprehensive results. Further research is necessary to advance web accessibility and ensure MOOCs positively impact education.

Gendered Disinformation of Female Politicians on Social Media in Kenya: A Case of Migori Republican Council Facebook Page

The increase in information communication technologies (ICTs) has undoubtedly facilitated socio-economic and political progress, granting individuals a platform for expression and engagement. However, this increased connectivity has also given rise to disturbing phenomena such as stalking, abuse, intimidation, and humiliation. While the internet has provided a space for both men and women to voice their opinions, gendered disinformation on social media poses a significant threat to women’s rights across various domains, including politics, social interactions, and psychological well-being. Migori Republican Council (MRC) is the largest Facebook page that provides a forum for debates on the Migori County’s political, social and economic issues. Through a case study and analysis of content of the Facebook page collected through web scraping using rapid miner during the political campaigns for the Kenya’s 2022 General elections in the period spanning January to July 2022.The study revealed a landscape dominated by political debates and campaigns for both male and female politicians. However, campaigns targeting female politicians were marred by gendered slurs, focusing on their physical appearance, marital status, and roles as mothers. This form of gendered disinformation undermines women’s credibility and perpetuates harmful stereotypes, hindering their political participation and representation. To address the negative impact of gendered disinformation, the study advocates for public awareness campaigns to sensitize individuals, bloggers, and Facebook page administrators about the risks associated with harmful content on social media. Additionally, administrators should prioritize the formulation and enforcement of community guidelines that uphold human dignity and prohibit gender-based harassment. Gender training programs for bloggers and the public are essential to empower individuals to recognize and combat gendered disinformation effectively. The bloggers, Facebook administrators and the public should be equipped with digital media and information literacy competencies. Furthermore, the study recommends the development of lexicons for local languages spoken in Migori County to facilitate the identification and elimination of gendered disinformation. This localized approach acknowledges the cultural context and linguistic nuances inherent in combating online disinformation and ensures broader inclusivity in addressing gender-based issues on social media platforms.

ПЛАНУВАННЯ КОНТЕНТУ НА ПЛАТФОРМІ Х (TWITTER) ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ПІДСИЛЕННЯ КОМУНІКАЦІЙНОЇ СТРАТЕГІЇ БРЕНДУ

The article is devoted to the topical issues of strengthening the brand’s communication strategy with content planning tools on the X platform (Twitter). Taking into account the instability of the conditions in which business entities in Ukraine have to work now, the communication strategy should be as flexible as possible, the communication channels should be chosen with the lowest costs and efficiency. The use of digital communication channels, such as social networks, in particular the X platform, significantly helps in this. The issue of strengthening the brand’s communication strategy by planning content on the X platform is insufficiently studied and substantiated. Indicators of audience interaction with social network content and their optimization in comparison with reference indicators require more in-depth research. In addition, it is worth paying attention to the issue of content as such, planning the optimal content of the brand page, which will allow to increase the involvement of audiences and increase their commitment to the brand. The effectiveness of the brand’s communication strategy in social media, the return on investment depends not on individual publications, but on the general impression and reputation that brands create as a whole. Here, the content, i.e. the content or content of the brand’s social media, becomes especially relevant. Content is relevant information or a unique experience aimed at a brand’s audience to convey a communication appeal. The purpose of the study is to systematize and improve current approaches to strengthening the brand’s communication strategy by planning content on the X platform. Marketers are constantly inventing their own content planning practices on the X platform that can be incorporated into a brand’s communication strategy. The article systematizes tools for paid placement of the content of the studied social network. The concept of content effectiveness is defined, the importance of comparing it with competitors and making appropriate adjustments is emphasized. Practical approaches to content planning on the X platform are proposed in order to strengthen the brand’s communication strategy.

JavaScript Web Scraping Tool for Extraction Information from Agriculture Websites

Extracting information from an information platform, site or system is possible if the information is structured or annotated in a way that is convenient for subsequent analysis and data processing, decision making and reasoning. The goal of this paper is to review and categorize various techniques, tools, and libraries for extracting information from unstructured web content (platforms, sites, systems), and to develop a JavaScript application that crawls and extracts data from dynamic web pages without the need to browse, read and search the page content. The paper presents an implementation of a particular JavaScript web scraper that retrieves a list of news headlines from the official European Union Agriculture and Rural Development website without the need for the content of the document to be read by users. The web scraper is configured to extract the searched content directly from the source HTML code of the document, regardless of whether the information is explicit or implicit. It also searches all pages related to the document. Finally exports data in a proper format. The benefits of such a tool for extracting web content from source code are related to saving time, manual labour and means of generating quality content in the biotech and agriculture industry.

AUDIENCE-GENERATED FEEDBACK ON CONSPIRATORIAL CONTENT ON FACEBOOK AND REDDIT IN SERBIA

Conspiracy theories are a ubiquitous phenomenon in the socio-political discussion. By trusting these theories, society justifies possible events like the COVID-19 pandemic. Through mixed methods research, the article seeks to provide the amount of page-generated and user-generated conspiratorial content that links chemtrails with the COVID-19 pandemic, along with audience-generated feedback on social media content. Facebook and Reddit have been chosen for this research because of their inherently contrasting approaches to content regulation. Facebook’s content moderation tools lacked the impact to remove misinformation, as only 8% of content was flagged as false information. Additionally, even if researched subreddits had two times the amount of relevant content in comparison to relevant Facebook pages, most of the content had 0 upvotes, meaning that the content was either negatively received or lacked adequate support. Serbian-speaking Facebook users expressed support for conspiratorial content on this platform, while Serbian redditors used conspiratorial narratives to ridicule conspiracy theorists. Likes were the most utilized type of feedback on content of relevant Facebook pages, while comments were the most utilized type of feedback on content of relevant subreddits. The importance of this research lies in understanding what conspiratorial narratives try to imply through social media and how the audience interprets and communicates with this content. Keywords: conspiracy theories, social media, chemtrails, pandemic, COVID-19

PUBLISHING WITH THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGING AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Abstract For more than 50 years, under the leadership of four editors and two publishers, The International Journal of Aging and Human Development (IJAHD) has featured multidisciplinary scholarship related to aging processes and older adults. With the publication of eight issues a year and over 1000 pages of scientific content, the IJAHD places emphasis upon psychological and social studies of aging and the aged. However, the Journal also publishes research that integrates observations from other disciplines that illuminate the “human” side of gerontology. A more recent focus includes midlife development, as well. About half (47%) of the publications in the IJAHD are from international colleagues. IJAHD is delighted to support new investigators as they navigate dissemination. This presentation will discuss tips for both international and US-based scholars for ensuring timely reviews and positive decisions for manuscript submissions, including such areas as key words, suggesting unbiased reviewers, formatting, writing mechanics, clearly-articulated methods, and a sound theoretical basis.

PhishTransformer: A Novel Approach to Detect Phishing Attacks Using URL Collection and Transformer

Phishing attacks are a major threat to online security, resulting in millions of dollars in losses. These attacks constantly evolve, forcing the cyber security community to improve detection systems. One major problem with current detection systems is that they cannot detect new phishing attacks, such as Browser in the Browser (BiTB) and malvertising attacks. These attacks hide behind legitimate Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) and can evade detection systems that only analyze a web page URL without exploring the page content. To address this problem, we propose PhishTransformer, a deep-learning model that can detect phishing attacks by analyzing URLs and page content. We propose only using URLs embedded within a webpage, such as hyperlinks and JFrames, to train PhishTransformer. This helps reduce the number of features that need to be extracted from the page content, which makes training the model more efficient. PhishTransformer combines convolutional neural networks and transformer encoders to extract features from website URLs and page content. These features are then used to train a classifier that can distinguish between phishing attacks and legitimate websites. We tested PhishTransformer on a dataset of 10,000 URLs. Our results show that PhishTransformer can achieve an F1-score of 99%, precision of 99%, and recall of 99%. This result suggests that PhishTransformer is a promising new approach to phishing detection.

The Influence of Mobile Devices and Social Networks on the Development of Perception of Primary School Pupils

Substitution of the traditional way of perception by interaction with virtual reality can disrupt the natural course of a child’s mental development. The purpose of the research is to use the theoretical analysis of the issue in order to reveal the indicators of the perception development at the primary school age, as well as to conduct an empirical diagnostics of the students’ perception, of the peculiarities of rationing the interaction time of the younger generation with virtual reality in the family, and of the nature of the digital information assimilated by children. Methodology. The research presents the analysis of the empirical data obtained as a result of a survey of first-graders’ parents. The survey was aimed at identifying the features of controlling by the older generation of the use of mobile devices, as well as the content of virtual pages viewed by children. Moreover, diagnostics of the level of visual, auditory, and spatial perception was carried out in groups of students by means of the techniques “Graphic Test”, “Reproduction of Rhythms According to an Auditory Sample”, “Visual Gnosis Study”. The reliability of the research results is provided by the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the empirical data. Conclusion. The research demonstrates that the longer the child is in virtual reality, the less parents can control the assimilated information that the child gets when using electronic devices; the less developed is children’s ability to assimilate the motor program, its automation, the ability to switch from one movement to another when performing educational assignments that involve reproduction of graphic samples; the lower is the activity rate; and the higher is the fatigue.