Ontology Content Research Articles

Dementia Ontology Development to Facilitate Collection of High-Quality Dementia Data.

The population of dementia patients is on the rise, as society undergoes rapid aging. This led to an expansion of dementia-related data. This study aims to develop a comprehensive dementia ontology to facilitate the collection and analysis of high-quality dementia data. We followed an ontology building process from Ontology Development 101 and the content of the dementia ontology was validated by experts in dementia care and dementia-related research.

The materials design ontology

In the materials design domain, much of the data from materials calculations is stored in different heterogeneous databases with different data and access models. Therefore, accessing and integrating data from different sources is challenging. As ontology-based access and integration alleviates these issues, in this paper we address data access and interoperability for computational materials databases by developing the Materials Design Ontology. This ontology is inspired by and guided by the OPTIMADE effort that aims to make materials databases interoperable and includes many of the data providers in computational materials science. In this paper, first, we describe the development and the content of the Materials Design Ontology. Then, we use a topic model-based approach to propose additional candidate concepts for the ontology. Finally, we show the use of the Materials Design Ontology by a proof-of-concept implementation of a data access and integration system for materials databases based on the ontology.11 This paper is an extension of (In The Semantic Web – ISWC 2020 – 19th International Semantic Web Conference, Proceedings, Part II (2000) 212–227 Springer) with results from (In ESWC Workshop on Domain Ontologies for Research Data Management in Industry Commons of Materials and Manufacturing 2021 1–11) and currently unpublished results regarding an application using the ontology.

Predicting nutrition and environmental factors associated with female reproductive disorders using a knowledge graph and random forests

ObjectiveFemale reproductive disorders (FRDs) are common health conditions that may present with significant symptoms. Diet and environment are potential areas for FRD interventions. We utilized a knowledge graph (KG) method to predict factors associated with common FRDs (for example, endometriosis, ovarian cyst, and uterine fibroids). Materials and MethodsWe harmonized survey data from the Personalized Environment and Genes Study (PEGS) on internal and external environmental exposures and health conditions with biomedical ontology content. We merged the harmonized data and ontologies with supplemental nutrient and agricultural chemical data to create a KG. We analyzed the KG by embedding edges and applying a random forest for edge prediction to identify variables potentially associated with FRDs. We also conducted logistic regression analysis for comparison. ResultsAcross 9765 PEGS respondents, the KG analysis resulted in 8535 significant or suggestive predicted links between FRDs and chemicals, phenotypes, and diseases. Amongst these links, 32 were exact matches when compared with the logistic regression results, including comorbidities, medications, foods, and occupational exposures. DiscussionMechanistic underpinnings of predicted links documented in the literature may support some of our findings. Our KG methods are useful for predicting possible associations in large, survey-based datasets with added information on directionality and magnitude of effect from logistic regression. These results should not be construed as causal but can support hypothesis generation. ConclusionThis investigation enabled the generation of hypotheses on a variety of potential links between FRDs and exposures. Future investigations should prospectively evaluate the variables hypothesized to impact FRDs.

PROSPECTIVITY OF FINALIZATION IN SERHIY ZHADAN’S NOVEL THE ORPHANAGE

The article is devoted to Serhiy Zhadan’s novel The Orphanage, which is considered by modern criticism mainly from a socio-political and ethical perspective because of the theme of war as the final crisis of a long complex history. The purpose of the research is to propose an interpretation of Zhadan’s novel The Orphanage based on the principles of hermeneutic and comparative-typological methods, as well as applying elements of narrative analysis taking into account the artistic potential of a finalization phenomenon. As a result, the prospective nature of finalization is justified and the appropriate typology of this poetic phenomenon is singled out. According to the actual version, the typology consists of four types, namely, extra plot-spatial, oneiric-imaginary, eidetic, and narrative ones. These types correlate with each other, hence, a whole poetic block emerges, which actualizes the new meanings presented in the work, and deepens the content of the novel’s loci communes. In particular, the listing of three days in the titles of the novel’s chapters indicates a real continuation of the list. Moreover, the title of the novel against such a background expresses its ontological content, which is additionally underscored by oneiric-imaginary pictures and the eidetic way of representing these images; instead, the diegetic shift due to the change of narrators returns the novel narrative from the level of ontological-existential symbolism to the level of personal formation of the novel subject.

For the sake of simplicity: Applying software design parsimony to the content of information system ontologies

Although many information system ontologies (ISOs) claim to be parsimonious, the notion of parsimony seems to influence the debate on ISOs only at the level of vague and uncritical assumption. To challenge this trend, the paper aims to clarify what it means for ISOs to be parsimonious. Specifically, section 2 shows that parsimony in computer science generally concerns software design and, together with elegance, is one of the two aspects of the broader notion of simplicity. Section 3 transforms the main claims of parsimony in software design into claims about the content of ISOs, the combination of which is hereafter called “parsimony of content”—where “content” refers only to the content of ISOs. Sections 4-7 discuss the application of this parsimony to the design of ISOs, and outline different kinds (and combinations) of parsimony of content. Finally, section 8 considers whether parsimony of content could provide some criteria both for selecting and/or classifying the contents of ISOs and for choosing between different and equally consistent ISOs.

A few remarks on the interpretation of Niels Bohr's philosophy-physics in Karen Barad's agential realism

The article deals with the approach to understanding science and technology as well as natural and cultural practices developed by the American philosopher Karen Barad in the concept of agential realism. The peculiarity of her approach consists in referring as a starting point to quantum mechanics in its interpretation, which was proposed by Niels Bohr. Barad proposes a reinterpretation of Bohr's propositions through revealing their ontological content. In this regard, the article addresses the epistemological and ontological problems that quantum physics has faced, such as the conditions for the possibility of an objective description of the world, the nature of measurement, and the relationship between language and the material world. Discussed is the shift that Barad argues is asserted in Bohr's philosophy-physics, which consists of quantum mechanics moving from the linguistic concepts in which the world of classical science was represented to what Barad calls material-discursive practices through which the world is articulated and explained. The possibilities of a different interpretation of Niels Bohr's philosophy-physics are considered.

DIRECTIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF AN ADAPTIVE CASH FLOW MANAGEMENT MECHANISM AT SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESS ENTERPRISES UNDER CONDITIONS OF NATIONAL ECONOMY RECOVERY

The methodological and practical recommendations for forming an adaptive cash flow management mechanism at small and medium-sized business enterprises under conditions of the post-war recovery of the Ukrainian economy are substantiated. The author's interpretation of the category «cash flow» is proposed as a dynamic indicator that characterizes the constant movement of cash resources as a result of the operational, investment, and financial activities of the enterprise associated with the receipt (incoming cash flows) or spending (outgoing cash flows) of the enterprise's cash resources, which can have a cash and non-cash form, expressed in national or foreign currency and related to a certain point in time. This made it possible to determine the ontological content of the scientific category «mechanism of managing cash flows of the enterprise» and specify its components (management goals and tasks, management criteria, management methods, management levers, management factors, management principles, specifics and features of management, management tools, managerial functions, management resources, regulatory and legal support, and information support). The author's version of the stages of formation of an adaptive cash flow management mechanism at small and medium-sized business enterprises based on the criterion of their optimization is recommended. By the functional specialization of top managers and employees of the financial subsystem, the procedure for making a managerial decision regarding forming an adaptive cash flow management mechanism at small and medium-sized business enterprises is proposed. This clarified the functional responsibilities of employees of the financial subsystem in the cash flow management process. The expediency of using a payment calendar is substantiated, which will help to synchronize cash receipts and payments. A set of measures to increase (decrease) cash flow at small and medium-sized business enterprises has been formed.

Two evaluations on Ontology-style relation annotations

In this paper, we propose an Ontology-Style Relation (OSR) annotation approach. In conventional Relation Extraction (RE) datasets, relations are annotated as a link between two entity mentions. In contrast, in our OSR annotation, a relation is annotated as a relation mention (i.e., not a link but a node) and rdfs:domain and rdfs:range links are annotated from the relation mention to its argument entity mentions. This approach has the following benefits: (1) the relation annotations can be easily converted to Resource Description Framework (RDF) triples to populate an Ontology, (2) some part of conventional RE tasks can be tackled as Named Entity Recognition (NER) tasks, and the relation classes are limited to several RDF properties, and (3) OSR annotations can be used for clear documentations of Ontology contents. We conducted two kinds of evaluation to investigate effects of OSR annotation. We converted (1) an in-house corpus of Japanese Rules of the Road (RoR) in conventional annotations into the OSR annotations and built a novel OSR-RoR corpus and (2) SemEval-2010 Task 8 dataset into the OSR annotations (called OSR-SemEval corpus). We compared the NER and RE performance using neural NER/RE tool DyGIE++ on the conventional and OSR annotations. The experimental results show that the OSR annotations make the RE task easier while introducing slight complexity into the NER task.

Правовая природа цифровых финансовых активов по законодательству Российской Федерации

Introduction. The paper develops the problems of ontological content of the category “digital financial assets” from the perspective of its legal nature. The purpose of the study is to solve the scientific problem of identifying the legal nature of the phenomenon of “digital financial assets” which allows us to accurately determine the directions for improving the legal regulation of the turnover of digital financial assets. Methods. The methodological framework for the research is materialistic positivism, integrating general scientific, specific scientific and special methods of cognition, among which the dialectical method, ascent from the abstract to the concrete, analysis and synthesis, hermeneutical method, generalization, comparative jurisprudence, etc. are the main ones. Results. Based on the well-established provisions of the civil doctrine and relevant studies of law enforcement practice, the authors substantiate recommendations for resolving a number of conflict-of-laws issues existing in the Russian legislation regarding the interpretation of the essence of the category of “digital financial assets” that slow down and hinder the introduction of this innovative technology of investing in civil turnover. Conclusions. The authors have concluded that the essential content of the category “digital financial assets” is a set of property rights defined in the legislation of the Russian Federation, while the construct of “digital financial assets” is nothing but a new original way (innovative technology) of fixing such rights in information systems. This method should be attributed to a kind of written form of the transaction. The necessity of considering the term “digital financial assets” from the position of a legal fiction mediating the turnover of obligations, claims, rights of participation in the electronic virtual environment of computer networks of information system operators, in which the release, circulation and exchange of digital financial assets, in turn, integrated into the global Internet, is justified.

Hybridizing Fuzzy String Matching and Machine Learning for Improved Ontology Alignment

Ontology alignment has become an important process for identifying similarities and differences between ontologies, to facilitate their integration and reuse. To this end, fuzzy string-matching algorithms have been developed for strings similarity detection and have been used in ontology alignment. However, a significant limitation of existing fuzzy string-matching algorithms is their reliance on lexical/syntactic contents of ontology only, which do not capture semantic features of ontologies. To address this limitation, this paper proposed a novel method that hybridizes fuzzy string-matching algorithms and the Deep Bidirectional Transformer (BERT) deep learning model with three machine learning regression classifiers, namely, K-Nearest Neighbor Regression (kNN), Decision Tree Regression (DTR), and Support Vector Regression (SVR), to perform the alignment of ontologies. The use of the kNN, SVR, and DTR classifiers in the proposed method resulted in the building of three similarity models (SM), encoded SM-kNN, SM-SVR, and SM-DTR, respectively. The experiments were conducted on a dataset obtained from the anatomy track in the Ontology Alignment and Evaluation Initiative 2022 (OAEI 2022). The performances of the SM-kNN, SM-SVR, and SM-DTR models were evaluated using various metrics including precision, recall, F1-score, and accuracy at thresholds 0.70, 0.80, and 0.90, as well as error rates and running times. The experimental results revealed that the SM-SVR model achieved the best recall of 1.0, while the SM-DTR model exhibited the best precision, accuracy, and F1-score of 0.98, 0.97, and 0.98, respectively. Furthermore, the results showed that the SM-kNN, SM-SVR, and SM-DTR models outperformed state-of-the-art alignment systems that participated in the OAEI 2022 challenge, indicating the superior capability of the proposed method.

The Application of Local Folk Culture in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language in an Intercultural Context

The spread of folk culture in a cross-cultural perspective has been interested by more and more Chinese language learners. Folk culture embodies the ontological content of Chinese culture while also constrains the development of language, and these two are complementary to each other. At present, there are many studies on the meaning and value of folk culture in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, but there is little documents about the application of local folk culture, especially Shaanxi folk culture, in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, so this paper will discuss Shaanxi folk culture in teaching Chinese as a foreign language from the cross-cultural background, as well as the application of local folk culture in teaching Chinese as a foreign language and proposes relevant teaching strategies.

HUMAN CREATIVE POTENTIAL AS A DRIVING FORCE OF MODERN SOCIETY

The statement of basic materials. The concept of creativity is multifaceted, which is why it is studied in different ways. But we should pay attention to the philosophical aspect of creativity. Because it is philosophy that reveals the phenomenon of creativity in terms of ontological content and the generation of something new. Plato emphasized that the fruit of God's creativity is the world order, which is based on divine contemplation, which in turn is revealed as reasonable in the process of human creativity. This idea was developed as “creation out of nothing”, which justified the idea of the divine creation of the world in the realm of pure spirit. It should be noted that philosophers of the Middle Ages considered the concept of creativity in two aspects: theistic and pantheistic. The former is based on the understanding of creativity as the command of a divine personality - God is the creator of the world and man, and he not only created the world but also controls it through divine providence. The latter aspect of creativity is based on the Platonic understanding of creativity as the mind contemplating itself. Creativity is a social phenomenon; it is not possible without a carrier, that is, an individual or society as a whole. An individual, in turn, reveals himself or herself through creativity; he or she has a certain creative potential, capabilities that establish his or her ability to create. In addition, creative potential is an important resource for creative activity. It is also important to take into account that creativity can be considered on different scales and in different spheres of human activity. The concept of a “creative person” means not only the presence of creative potential, but also the ability to use this potential to implement creative ideas. Thus, an individual's ability to transform the surrounding reality, i.e. the socio-cultural environment, is possible only if he or she has creative potential. Creative potential, in its turn, is characterized by a combination of creative abilities, peculiarities of creative thinking and internal resources of a person. It should be noted that creativity and creative potential are key success factors in areas where creative approaches are required, such as science, philosophy, art, etc. It is important to support and develop people's creative abilities so that they create new ideas and products that will change the world around us. Thus, the contradictions that arise between society and individuals in solving social problems can be overcome by actualizing the creative potential of the individual.

Ontological content of the mechanism for ensuring human rights in the sphere of national security of Ukraine

Ontological content of the mechanism for ensuring human rights in the sphere of national security of Ukraine

Approach for Efficient Triple Pattern Extraction Information Retrieval in Ontology

E-learning is an effective tool for education than what is currently provided by any of the available computer aided tutoring, or learning management systems. Semantic Web is a collection of information that is linked to each other and process by machine in global scale. It can be seen as globally connected database. Here we proposed a combined methodology for better information retrieval by using similarity measurement and visiting frequency and triplet pattern extraction. The primary intention of this paper is to improve the learning capability. triple patterns extraction is essential to convert the incoming learners query to Ontology browsing query (SPARQL).After extracting the triple patterns from the input query is used to build the query for receiving exact information in the ontology content.

Christian Modernisation in Amazonia

The project of ontological anthropology expounded by Philippe Descola has unexplored merits for a critical and secular anthropology of Christian conversion in indigenous societies. Drawing on Shuar descriptions of their healing practice in a context of medical pluralism in southeast Ecuador, this article argues that for animist peoples, Protestant Evangelicalism constitutes a step toward philosophical materialism or ‘naturalism’. While Shuar healing reserves a central place for hallucinogenic plant-induced visions for personal empowerment and shamanic healing, Shuar Evangelicals express a preference for engaging only the material qualities of medicinal plants. This is not, however, the consequence of adopting a disenchanted material cosmology but of a submissive mode of relating to the immaterial aspects of reality normally engaged in ancestral Shuar ontology. The article thereby extends the ontological turn’s emphasis on what is known to a consideration of modes of relation to ontological content.

On the Informativeness of Information System Ontologies

The current (still limited) use of the notion of informativeness in the domain of information system ontologies seems to indicate that such ontologies are informative if and only if they are understandable for their final recipients. This paper aims at discussing some theoretical issues emerging from that use which, as we will see, connects the informativeness of information system ontologies to their representational primitives, domains of knowledge, and final recipients. Firstly, we maintain that informativeness interacts not only with the actual representational primitives, but also with their variability over time. Secondly, we discuss the correspondence between representational primitives and domains of knowledge of those ontologies. Finally, we explore the possibility of an epistemological discrepancy between human beings and software systems on the understanding of ontological contents.

Использование онтологических шаблонов содержания при построении баз знаний для технического обслуживания и ремонта авиационной техники

The article presents a method for creating knowledge base prototypes based on ontological design patterns and decision tables. The method contains the following steps: building an ontology of the subject area based on the ontological template of the content; formation of a production knowledge base based on the transformation of elements of the ontology of the subject area; filling the rule base using decision tables, as well as their interpretation and debugging. An ontological content template has been developed that describes the maintenance and repair process in accordance with current standards. The transformation of the ontology into a production model and the generation of decision tables were carried out using a programming system for production knowledge bases. In order to involve non-programming end users in the process of filling knowledge base structures with specific rules, a spreadsheet editor was used. A meaningful assessment of the obtained knowledge base was carried out using the author's shell program. The method and template proposed in the paper were tested in solving the problem of finding the causes of malfunctions and forming a sequenceof maintenance and repair of the power supply system of the Sukhoi Superjet 100 aircraft.

The Development of an Ontology for Information Retrieval about Ethnic Groups in Chiang Mai Province

This study aims to develop the semantic ontology of information knowledge about ethnic groups by analyzing information from the collection of documentary sources from libraries, research, and the museum for learning about people on the highlands located in Chiang Mai Province. The study is based on the classification theory of ethnic groups in Chiang Mai Province with the intention of establishing the relationship between knowledge structure regarding ethnic groups. The study procedures consist of three stages: 1)Establishing ontology requirements from online data to analyze the data of the keyword from the research database of Chiang Mai University Library's Online Information Resource Database (OPAC) and Ratchamangkhalaphisek National Library, Chiang Mai to group the words by studying information resources in Thai language, such as books, textbooks, research papers, theses, research articles, academic articles, and reference books related to ethnic groups. Stage 2) Designing classes, defining main classes, subclasses, hierarchies, and properties in order to establish the relationship of data in each class using the Protégé program. Stage 3) Ontology evaluation, which is divided into two parts: an expert's evaluation of the suitability of the ontology structure using the Inter-Class Relational Accuracy Assessment Scale and an examination of ethnic grouping data. The findings reveal that specifying, definition, scope, and objectives of development are appropriate (average score = 0.97) in three areas: grouping and ordering of classes within the ontology (score value = 0.98), defining affinity names and class properties (score value = 0.96), and suitable overall ontology content (score value = 0.97).

Teorijski sufizam - periodizacija istorije discipline

Theoretical Sufism is an ontology formulated by prominent Muslim mystics. They are primarily known for their intuitive experiences in the highest realms of total existence. In the light of the final intuitions, these mystics got the opportunity to present a new system of ontology, that is, mystical knowledge about the problem of being in general. The answer to the questions about what reality is and how it really exists they provided through their spiritual experiences when they directly, with the eye of the heart, saw the most hidden secrets of existence and on that basis they built a system of knowledge about all lower levels of the universe. Muslims had intuitive knowledge with ontological content ever since the earliest period of the emergence of Islam. However, the results of their mystical effort, when ontological and metaphysical questions are involved, were not united in a separate study discipline. The discipline, which would be called theoretical Sufism, was officially established in the 13th century by the famous Ibn ʻArabī, and his students and influential representatives of his school will continuously improve and strengthen the structural order of the new ontological discipline in the cognitive tradition of Islam. At the beginning of the 17th century, Mullā Ṣadrā Shīrāzī made one of the biggest turning points in the history of Muslim thought when, in his new philosophical school, which he called transcendent philosophy, he proved the truth of the ontological principles of theoretical Sufism with grounded philosophical demonstrations. Mullā Ṣadrā himself explained that by uniting Islamic philosophy and theoretical Sufism, he actually completed the mission of philosophy and metaphysics in general.

The “Ontological Turn” in the Social Sciences: The Return of Epistemology

In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in ontological research in the social sciences, the content and direction of which are described as an “ontological turn”. These studies set the formation of a new social ontology as their main goal. The article reveals the basic principles and content of this new social ontology, identifies controversial issues inherent in such a method of its renewal, and formulates guidelines for the return of epistemology to overcome the undesirable consequences of the “ontological turn”. Criticism of the «ontological turn» and the rationale for the return of epistemology are argued as follows; in the first section of the article, two possibilities of constructing a social ontology are considered, those of the essentialist ontology of mainstream sociology and the “flat ontology” of assemblage. The second section provides a critical analysis of three consequences of the “ontological turn”: the problematization of the idea of the autonomous social; the neutralization of the a priori ontological reasoning of social research; and the denial of the real outside beyond the assemblage. In the third section, the consequences of the “ontological turn” are considered in the context of the current discussion about the role of ontology in the social sciences, which is expressed through the opposition of a priori ontological and instrumental-pragmatic justification of social research. To overcome such consequences, the following guidelines for the return of epistemology are formulated: the “underdetermination” of reality by theories; the epistemological difference between the conceptual reality of an object and its ontological reality; and the equality (covariation) of ontology and epistemology.