Content Of Mono Research Articles

Influence biologically of active substances to amaranth on composition of lipids in organism of quails

Influence biologically of active substances to amaranth on composition of lipids in organism of quails

Studying the effect of sesame flour on the technological properties of dough and bread quality

It has been proven that the sesame seed chemical composition when compared with wheat flour is distinguished by the larger content of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, mineral substances, protein, valuable for its amino acid composition, dietary fiber, and vitamins. In order to extend the assortment of bakery products with health properties, it is recommended that formulations of wheat bread should include sesame flour in the amount of up to 10 % to the weight of flour. It was established that the developed product with added sesame flour better satisfies the body need in proteins, when compared with wheat bread, by 7 % on average, and provides the body with a larger amount of fat, by 15.5 % with the predominant content of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly ω-6 and ω-9 acids, minerals, specifically calcium, magnesium ‒ by 26 % and 30 %. We have established patterns of influence of sesame flour on the formation of the structural-mechanical properties of dough. It was found that the introduction of sesame flour to dough leads to a decrease in the amount of gluten in the dough and its elastic properties, improves the plastic properties of dough, which leads to a shorter duration of dough kneading. Given the reduction in the specific volume of the dough with added sesame flour after 180 minutes of fermentation, it is recommended that the duration of dough fermentation when using a straight-dough technique should not exceed 120 minutes. It was established that following the introduction of 10 % of sesame flour the finished products contain up to 3 % of fat. Based on that, we can recommend replacing up to 3 % of margarine in the existing formulations of bakery products with sesame flour. It has been proven that the products with added sesame flour are better in retaining freshness, which is confirmed by the decrease in the friability of the crumb, an increase in its overall deformation and hydrophilic properties; they also contain more aromatic compounds than the bread baked from wheat flour.

Вміст загальних ліпідів та співвідношення їх класів у молозиві і молоці свиноматок за різного рівня аквацитрату йоду в їх раціонах

<p><span lang="EN-US">This article presents the data on the total liquid maintance and correlation of their classes in the sow’s colostrum and milk, depending on the level of Iodine in the rations. It is shown that in the sow’s colostrum (F1 generation from maternal pure lines of Landrace x Large white) the content of total lipids is 33% <span>(Р < 0.01) </span>higher <span>than in </span>milk. It was established that the level of triacylglycerols in the colostrum of the control group of animals, that has received a ration of potassium iodide as a mineral supplements, was 18.7%<span> (Р < 0.01) </span>higher than in milk. <span>Compared with the milk, the level of phospholipids was 13,5% (Р < 0.05) significantly higher in the colostrum; </span>and by 23.6% (Р < 0.05) – the content of<span>free cholesterol.</span> <span>And Vice versa – in the sows’ milk there was higher concentration of mono – and diacylglycerol and eterified cholesterol. In account of a better bioavailability and a higher activity, Iodine, in the form of aquacart, shows a stimulatory effect on lipogenesis in amounts that, in comparison with the dose of Iodine in molecular form is 2 and even 4 times less. Hydration of the dry sows’ feed with the aquacare iodine in such a quantity provided the growth of the percent of phospholipids in colostrum, comparing with the control by 14.4 and 18.4% (Р < 0.05). Under such conditions the content of free cholesterol was also significantly higher. In groups of animals, treated with the maximum analyzed amount of Iodine in nanodispersed form (1 : 1 ratio of Iodine in nano - and molecular form), we observed a tendency to a slight increasing of the phospholipids and mono – and diacylglycerol in the colostrum, and Vice versa –<span> </span>the content of phospholipids, free cholesterol and free fatty acids reduced under obviously insufficient doses of Iodine (0.1 : 1).<span> </span>Under the maximum necessary amount of Iodine in the rations (0.25 – 0.5 : 1) of the sows’ milk, the content of mono – and diacylglycerole encreased, compared with the control group 16.6</span> <span>(Р < 0.01) and 9.3% (Р < 0.05), under the tendency to a higher percentage of phospholipids on the background of a reducing level of free fatty acids. After including gestating and further lactating sows to the rations of Iodine in the form of aquacart in a dose that is 10 times less than the amount of the composition of potassium iodide, it was notified that content of triacylglycerols, phospholipids and free cholesterol in milk was decreased. Thus, aquacart Iodine covers a need of the thyroid body in Iodine for the harmonic interval processes and its regulatory impact on metabolic processes, including lipid metabolism in much smaller quantities than in an inorganic form.</span></span></p>

Mechanochemical depolymerization of inulin

Although chemical reactions driven by mechanical force is emerging as a promising tool in the field of physical sciences, its applications in the area of food sciences are not reported. In this paper, we propose ball milling as an efficient tool for the controlled generation of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) mixtures from inulin with a degree of polymerization (dp) ranging between 4 and 7. The addition of catalytic amounts of AlCl3 together with ball milling (30 min, at 30 Hz) generated mixtures rich in dehydrated disaccharides such as di-D-fructose dianhydrides. Based on anion exchange chromatography in conjunction with ESI/qTOF/MS/MS analysis, catalysis increased the overall content of mono-, di-, and tri-saccharides by around 30 fold compared to un-catalyzed milling. In addition, dialysis results of the untreated and treated samples have indicated that under catalysis the percent of depolymerization (dp < 12) reached 73.4% from the starting value of 27.6% in the untreated sample. Both processes resulted in mixtures of prebiotic value. The use of mechanical energy may be suitable for a fast, cost-efficient and green conversion of inulin to value-added food ingredients.

ЭКСТРАКЦИОННОЕ ВЫМОРАЖИВАНИЕ В КАЧЕСТВЕ НОВОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПОДХОДА К ПОЛУЧЕНИЮ РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ

The effectiveness of herbal medicine preparations and dietary supplements is determined by their composition, especially in terms of active ingredient content. Dietary supplements are frequently produced by plant extraction methods. However, the desired selectivity of extraction can only be achieved with the application of additional separation and purification stages. The purpose of this study was to increase the selectivity of steroidal saponin extraction from plants on the example of ruscus (Ruscus ponticus), the extract of which is widely used to treat a number of disorders. The presented new approach to the production of biologically active substances from ruscus under laboratory conditions is based on the method of fractional freezing in combination with centrifugation. The possibility of using the proposed technology for extracting saccharides from the original extract has been confirmed by the previously obtained experimental data and the developed theoretical model. The proposed technology is described in detail. The methods of spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography have shown that the content of mono- and disaccharides in the final product obtained by the presented technology is significantly lower that that obtained by the conventional ethanol extraction. Another advantage of this technology consists in the elimination of the extract filtration and dehydration steps.

Morphology and Ploidy of Smooth Muscle Cells in Chorionic Arteries under Different Hemodynamic Conditions.

Smooth muscle cells from the arterial wall of placental chorion were studied at 39-40-week gestation. The content of mono- and binuclear tetraploid myocytes was higher in sites of arterial branching and turns (27.3% vs. 4.4% straight parts of the arteries; DNA cytophotometry data). Mitoses were found only in these arterial regions (0.18%). Regional changes in the sizes of diploid and polyploid myocytes were detected, associated with the blood flow pattern in the chorion; myocyte hypertrophy was 17-fold more incident in sites of arterial turns and branching than in straight arteries. Possible causes of changes in the proliferative characteristics and subsequent growth of the chorionic arterial wall myocytes are discussed.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ДИСПЕРСНОСТІ НАПОЮ З ВОЛОСЬКОГО ГОРІХА

Проблема підвищення рівня білкового забезпечення в харчуванні населення як і раніше залишається актуальною. На сьогоднішній день вживання населенням білка є дефіцитним як в кількісному, так і в якісному відношенні. Серед можливих шляхів вирішення цієї проблеми головне і вирішальне місце належить залученню резерву білків рослинного походження. Нестачу білка в раціоні можливо ліквідувати за рахунок використання нетрадиційних джерел рослинного походження.&#x0D; Нові форми білкової їжі – це продукти харчування, які одержують на основі різних білкових фракцій продовольчої сировини із застосуванням науково обґрунтованих способів переробки і мають певний хімічний склад, структуру і властивості, високу харчову та біологічну цінність. Хоча за збалансованістю амінокислотного складу рослинний білок поступається тваринному, білкові продукти рослинного походження мають ряд переваг. До корисних властивостей білкових продуктів рослинного походження відносять відсутність лактози і холестерину, низьку калорійність, підвищений вміст моно- і поліненасичених жирів, високий вміст вітамінів та мінеральних речовин; збалансовану кількість натрію і калію.&#x0D; Сегмент споживачів білкових продуктів рослинного походження включає всі соціальні шари населення, такі продукти дозволені для дитячого харчування, їх можна рекомендувати для дієтичного харчування, для харчування людей інтолерантних до лактози та під час посту. При впровадженні нового виду білкових продуктів харчування крім харчової та біологічної цінності необхідно оцінювати їх якість з точки зору технологічних показників та фізико-хімічних властивостей, які мають дуже велике значення. До найбільш важливих фізико-хімічних властивостей відносяться гомогенність маси продукту в тому числі і дисперсність. У більшості випадків напої-екстракти рослинних білків представлені дисперсними системами типу вода: нерозчинна фаза. У статті наведені результати визначення розмірів частинок дисперсної фази та швидкість їх осідання. У результаті досліджень було проведено седиментаційний аналіз напою, визначено густину та в’язкість, побудовано седиментаційну криву, наведено розрахунки.&#x0D;

Selected candidate genes affecting milk fatty acids

Cow´s milk consisted of relatively high quantity of saturated fatty acids (about 70%), which are considered less beneficial health. The content of more desirable fatty acids is about 25% (monounsaturated) and 5% (polyunsaturated). The aim of this research was to find ways how to increase the content of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk fat. One of the ways how to alter the content of fatty acids is the monitoring of candidate genes and their polymorphism. Therefore, the manuscript deals with selected candidate genes, particularly DGAT1 , SCD1 and FASN , which are associated with fatty acid biosynthesis. The results suggest that observing of this issue could be helpful for improving the quality of milk fat.

Determination of Acylglycerols and Glycerol in Castor:Soybean Biodiesel Blend Produced by a Base/Acid‐Catalyzed Process

AbstractThis paper describes the production of the methyl biodiesel blend of hydroxylated vegetable (castor oil) and soybean oils by a base/acid‐catalyzed process and the first simultaneous determination by gas chromatography of the levels of total and free glycerol, mono‐, di‐ and triacylglycerols based on the standard method ASTM D 6584. Best results were observed for transesterification carried out in 6:1 (methanol:oil), sodium hydroxide 1 % w/w at 60 °C for 1.5 h. The analytical method not only produced curves with good linearity, but also had a coefficient of determination (r2) above 0.997 and accuracy between 70 and 141 % at relative standard deviations (RSD) lower than 10 %. The matrix effect (ME) was investigated and only diolein was found to have a significant matrix effect. The method was robust when applied to different chemical compositions of biodiesel. Results showed that the acid value and the contents of mono‐, di‐, and triacylglycerols, total and free glycerol were within the limits set by standardized methods and that biodiesel may be produced from soybean and castor oil blends.

CHANGE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICESOF YOUNG DON STERLET SUFFERING FROM TYMPANISM

The processes of free radical oxidation are shown to be activated at the expense of antioxidants depletion if tympanism of young sterlet is developing. At the same time the level of phospholipids decreases, the content of mono- and diacylglycerols increases considerably, and the processes of lipolysis are activated with simultaneous rising of the lisophosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin levels and decreasing in phosphatidylserine.

Hydrocarbons of neutral substances from the branch bark of Siberian larch

The composition of neutral substances from the bark of Larix sibirica tree verdure (branches with needles) was determined. Alkenes were found for the first time in Larix genus. The group composition of neutral substances, as well as the contents of mono-, sesqui-, di-, and triterpenes are given. The substances were identified by GLC-MS and 1H and 13C spectroscopy.

The Content Determination of Strongly Acidic Alkyl Phosphate with the Method of Potentiometric Titration

The alkyl phosphate prepared by phosphorus oxychloride and fatty alcohol contained a large amount of hydrochloric acid but no chloride. So the content of phosphate mono- and diester couldn’t be determined by conventional method. In this paper the content of hydrochloric acid was determined by potentiometric titration at first, and then the conventional method can be used to detect the content of mono- and diester and phosphoric acid. In this way each component of the alkyl phosphate can be ascertained accurately. The method was verified simply and conveniently by verification test that could avoid extraction, recrystalli- zation and other cockamamie operation. It also had stronger application and good reproducibility.

Changes in the contents of mono-, di- and oligosaccharides in leek plants stored in cold room

The aim of this work is to present the results of the analysis of composition of mono-, di- and oligosaccharides, including the content of fructooligosaccharides as well as rafinose, stachyose in pseudo stalk of leek plants of the following cultivars: Shelton F1, Belton F1 and Parton F1. Leek plants were stored in cold room at the temperature 0 °C and relative humidity around 98% in the period from December to May. Fructose, glucose, saccharose, fructooligosaccharides (FOS) as well as α-galactosides were determined with the HPLC method with the application of water-alcohol extracts. It was shown that some of the studied parameters have changed during storage, i.e., the glucose content increased from 4.4 ± 0.3 to 16.2 ± 1.6, fructose from 4.7 ± 0.2 to 23.8 ± 0.4, saccharose from 5.1 ± 0.7 to 18.7 ± 0.1, depending on the cultivar and the storage period. The largest increase in the content of fructose and glucose took place between 60th and 90th day of storage which testifies to intensive hydrolysis of fructans. Leek cv. Parton F1 was characterised by the largest content of fructans and the lowest susceptibility to hydrolysis. The amount of kestose, nystose and rafinose after the period of storage changed from 0.3 ± 0.0 to 0.9 ± 0.2, 0.5 ± 0.1 to 1.8 ± 0.1, 0.8 ± 0.1 to 1.8 ± 0.2 g/100 g of dry mass, respectively. The content of stachyose, in turn, remained at a constant level and amounts to around 0.5 g/100 g of dry mass. Leek plants kept in typical refrigeration conditions are characterised by good durability and constitute a valuable merchandise. However, due to ongoing hydrolysis processes, the content of prebiotic substances decreased what lowered the health-promoting value.

EFFECT OF CYNARA SCOLYMUS L. (ARTICHOKE) EXTRACT ON LIPID PROFILE OF HYPERLIPIDEMIC MALE RATS

Introduction: Cynara scolymus L. (Artichoke) grows in Egypt and other countries. It is used as foods and has medicinal properties. Artichoke extracts have been shown to produce various pharmacological effects, such as the inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis and low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. Purpose: To study the effect of Cynara scolymus L. and its extract on lipid profile of hyperlipidemic male rats. Study Design: Eighty male albino rats, Sprague-Dawley strain, weighing (204.0±10) were housed individually in wire-mesh cages. Induction of hyperlipidemia was carried out on all rats except negative control group by addition of cholesterol to the basal diet (2%) +0.25 bile salts (taurocholic) for 4 weeks. After that the rats were divided into 8 groups (10 rats each), the first (1st) and 2nd groups was negative (normal) and positive control groups (hyperlipidemic), groups from G 3: G8, they were fed on basal diet supplemented with 2 level of extract (4 & 8 %) of either heads, heads, or leaves extract. At the end of the experimental period (6 weeks treatment) rats were fasted over night before sacrificing, blood was collected, centrifuged; serum or plasma was stored at - 20 0C until analysis. Lipid profile and triacylglycerol were measured. Results and Discussion: Artichoke extracts (plant, head, and leaves) significantly reduced cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and triacylglycerol. No change was observed with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Heads extract being more powerful. This effect may be due to its content of mono- and di-caffeoylquinic acids, flavonoids and other contents or through inhibition of LDL oxidation. Conclusion: artichoke extract seems to be positively modulate hypercholesterolemia and can provide a protection from cardiovascular diseases.

The Effects of Di- or Polysulfonates on Adsorption of Petroleum Sulfonates

Petroleum sulfonates was separated into several fractions with conventional extraction method according to the polarity of extraction solvent. The relative content of mono-, di-, or polysulfonates in each fraction was determined by using high pressure liquid chromatography and then the average sulfonic amount of each fraction can be calculated according to above results. The equivalent weight of each fraction was measured by both two-phase titration method and ESI-MS method, and the results shows the tow methods are comparatively coincident. Furthermore, the mean molecular weight of each fraction can be calculated with the average sulfonic amount and the equivalent weight. Adsorption isotherm and coreflooding adsorption test were both conducted to determine the adsorption amount and adsorption rate of each fraction. It was found that the fraction with the minimum equivalent weight is middle mean molecular weight and its adsorption amount on reservoir sand is maximal. Moreover, two fractions have a tendency to come to saturated adsorption in coreflooding adsorption test, but the time needed for saturated adsorption is distinctly different. However, the total adsorption amount of the other fractions keeps increasing at all time. The mechanisms accounting for the difference of adsorption performance were proposed on the basis of the diverse composition of the fraction.

Influence of chemical refining process and oil type on bound 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol contents in palm oil and rapeseed oil

Abstract The formation of bound 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD-ester) in oils during chemical refining process was investigated for two palm oils and one rapeseed oil. Additionally, contents of mono- and diglycerides as well as total chlorine and chloride were determined. For all oils the deodorisation step representing one part of the refining process had the main impact on formation of 3-MCPD-esters whereas a direct effect of the other process steps could be neglected. 3-MCPD values in the range of 4–5 ppm for palm oil and 1 ppm for rapeseed oil were found. The chloride content was below detection limit. However, measurable amounts of total chlorine were found in palm oil with the highest 3-MCPD-ester contents. A considerable part of this total chlorine in the refined palm oil was embedded in the 3-MCPD-esters. On the other hand, content of diglycerides as the other potential pre-cursor was between 1% and 10% exceeding the 3-MCPD-ester contents by up to five magnitudes.

Contributions of inorganic ions, soluble carbohydrates, and multiatomic alcohols to water homeostasis in Artemisia lerchiana and A. pauciflora

Two morphological forms of wormwood Artemisia lerchiana (f. erecta and f. nutans) and A. pauciflora Web. (morphological form erecta) were grown on sand culture at a range of NaCl concentrations in the nutrient medium and then assayed for Na+, K+, and Cl− content in various organs. In addition, the content of mono-, di-, and trisaccharides and multiatomic alcohols (mannitol and glycerol); water content; and organ biomass were determined. All plants examined showed high NaCl tolerance, comparable to that of halophytes. They were able to maintain high tissue hydration under conditions of salinity-induced growth suppression. The intracellular osmotic pressure in wormwood organs was mainly determined by the presence of Na+, K+, and Cl−, as well as by mono-, di-, and trisaccharides, mannitol, and glycerol. The high content of Na+ and Cl− in wormwood organs was also observed in the absence of salinity, which implies the ability of these organs to absorb ions from diluted NaCl solutions and accumulate ions in cells of their tissues. With the increase in salinity, the content of Na+ and Cl− in roots and leaves increased to even higher levels. It is concluded that the ability of wormwood plants to absorb and accumulate inorganic ions provides for sustainable high intracellular osmotic pressure and, accordingly, low water potential under drought and salinity conditions. Growing plants under high salinity lowered the content of monosaccharides in parallel with accumulation of the trisaccharide raffinose. It is supposed that soluble carbohydrates and multiatomic alcohols are not only significant for osmoregulation but also perform a protective function in wormwood plants. The lower osmotic pressure in root cells compared to that in leaf cells of all plants examined was mainly due to the gradient distribution of K+ and Cl− between roots and leaves. The two Artemisia species and two morphological forms of A. lerchiana did not differ appreciably in the ways of water balance regulation. It is found that different morphologies of two A. lerchiana forms are unrelated to variations in intracellular osmotic and turgor pressures.

Seasonal growth dynamics of Siberian spruce ectomycorrhiza and sugar content in it

Seasonal growth, dynamics of morphological and anatomical structure, and sugar content in ectomycorrhizal roots of Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.) were studied. A variability of the root tip structure related to variations in hydrothermal conditions in soils of spruce phytocenoses was observed. A high content of mono- and disaccharides was detected in root tips in the beginning and end of the growth season. Changes in the growth pattern of spruce mycorrhizal roots were associated with changes in the sugar concentration in them, the thickness and volume of the mycelium sheath, and respiration.

Two‐Step Production of Oil Enriched in Conjugated Linoleic Acids and Diacylglycerol

AbstractA two‐step process was used to produce diacylglycerol‐enriched structured lipid that contained mainly c9,t11 and t10,c12 isomers of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA). First, a structured triacylglycerol (TAG) was synthesized by lipase‐catalyzed acidolysis of corn oil with CLA. This structured triacylglycerol contained 30.4 mol% CLA with 45.5% of the CLA mostly located at sn‐1,3 positions of the glycerol backbone. Then, lipase‐catalyzed glycerolysis was conducted between structured triacylglycerol and glycerol to produce diacylglycerol‐enriched structured lipid. The final product contained 6.8% monoacylglycerol, 31.5% diacylglycerol and 61.1% TAG after 48 h reaction. The selected chemical (fatty acid composition, the content of mono‐, di‐, and triacylglycerol in the reaction product) and physical properties (melting profile) were determined by hihg‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Effects of genotype and environment on total anti-oxidant capacity and the content of sugars and acids in strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.)

SummaryTotal anti-oxidant capacity (TAC) and the contents of mono- and disaccharides, and organic acids were determined in strawberry fruit from ten genotypes sampled from eight experimental sites in Norway in 2002 and 2003. The difference between genotypes was significant for all recorded traits, and it appeared possible to select for all traits in breeding programmes. On average, the Norwegian bred cultivar ‘Carmen’ had a TAC of 30.07 mmol kg–1 fresh weight (FW), compared to 23.16 mmol kg–1 FW in the standard cultivar ‘Korona’. TAC was negatively correlated with fruit size, rainfall and leaf surface humidity, but was positively correlated with the minimum temperature on the day prior to sampling. Mono- and di-saccharide contents were negatively correlated with both minimum and maximum temperatures, and with wind velocity. It was confirmed that the sugars:organic acids ratio was inversely related to the maximum temperature on the day before harvest, which supports anecdotal claims that strawberries grown in northern areas have, on average, better flavour.